CN108248023B - 制造三维产品的方法和相关三维产品 - Google Patents

制造三维产品的方法和相关三维产品 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN108248023B
CN108248023B CN201710806542.1A CN201710806542A CN108248023B CN 108248023 B CN108248023 B CN 108248023B CN 201710806542 A CN201710806542 A CN 201710806542A CN 108248023 B CN108248023 B CN 108248023B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
resin powder
glass bubbles
glass
outer diameter
specific gravity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201710806542.1A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN108248023A (zh
Inventor
李喜俊
崔荣镐
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
Original Assignee
Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hyundai Motor Co, Kia Motors Corp filed Critical Hyundai Motor Co
Publication of CN108248023A publication Critical patent/CN108248023A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN108248023B publication Critical patent/CN108248023B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/218—Rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/314—Preparation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
    • C03C11/002—Hollow glass particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
    • C03C14/008—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in molecular form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
    • C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
    • C08K7/28—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0838—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
    • B29K2033/12—Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2055/00—Use of specific polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2023/00 - B29K2049/00, e.g. having a vinyl group, as moulding material
    • B29K2055/02—ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
    • B29K2105/165—Hollow fillers, e.g. microballoons or expanded particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25—Solid
    • B29K2105/251—Particles, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2509/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2503/00 - B29K2507/00, as filler
    • B29K2509/08—Glass

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种利用SLS 3D打印机制造具有均匀机械性能的三维产品的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：通过混合树脂粉末和玻璃泡制备混合粉末材料，其中玻璃泡的比重是树脂粉末的比重的约0.8至约1.2倍；利用辊将混合粉末材料提供给3D打印机；以及基于待制造产品的3D数据通过利用激光照射混合粉末材料来选择性地烧结粉末材料。

Description

制造三维产品的方法和相关三维产品
技术领域
本公开涉及一种利用选择性激光烧结3D打印机制造具有均匀性质的三维产品的方法。
背景技术
3D打印是一项成型(mold，模制)三维结构产品的技术，其优点是能快速制成三维结构并制作通常很难组装和拆卸的形状。现如今，已经全面地对3D打印进行了很长时间的研究。然而，直到最近，能够用于3D打印的材料受到限制，且打印设备昂贵。因此，3D打印仅用于有限领域，例如生产与空间有关的组件或生产试验性制成品，例如汽车。然而，3D打印技术的使用正扩展入各种领域。
3D打印技术可分为使用固体型材料的熔融沉积成型(“FDM”)方法、使用液体型材料的立体平版印刷装置(“SLA”)方法和使用粉末型材料的选择性激光烧结(“SLS”)方法。
在FDM方法中，通常使用塑料材料。细塑料线材(称为细丝)穿过加热器而熔融，然后自下而上堆叠。FDM打印机比SLA或SLS打印机便宜，但缺点在于，材料局限于塑料且打印的物品表面粗糙。
在SLA方法中，通过利用激光束照射容纳光固化树脂(液体塑料)的水槽使树脂固化来仅固化必要部分。与FDM方法相比，使用该方法打印的物品表面更光滑，但缺点在于，材料局限于光固化树脂，且打印的产品不如使用FDM方法制造的产品耐用。
SLS方法与SLA方法的相似之处在于使用激光束。在SLS方法中，通过使用粉末型材料(例如，塑料粉末、砂、金属等)形成均匀层，然后利用激光选择性地烧结粉末层来制作三维结构。SLS方法的有利之处在于，可使用各种材料，且材料可以循环利用。然而，在SLS方法中，当使用树脂粉末作为原始材料时，与传统的无机强化塑料相比，打印产品的机械性能不足。
为了解决该问题，可将无机材料(例如，玻璃珠、玻璃泡、玻璃短纤维等)与粉末混合使用，但由于粉末与无机材料的比重存在差异，无机材料会发生位置分散(即，比重较高的材料下沉)，导致最终产品的不同位置的物理性质不同。
因此，当使用无机材料来提高SLS 3D打印产品的机械性能时，必须改进打印期间无机材料的分散以及分散的稳定性。
在背景技术部分公开的上述信息仅用于加强对背景技术的理解，因此可包括不构成对本国的本领域普通技术人员而言已公知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本公开解决了上述与现有技术相关的问题。
本公开涉及提供一种利用SLS 3D打印机制造具有均匀性质的产品的方法。
在一个方面，本公开描述了利用SLS 3D打印机制造具有均匀性质的三维产品的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：通过混合树脂粉末和玻璃泡制备混合粉末材料；利用辊(roller)将混合粉末材料提供给SLS 3D打印机；以及根据待制造产品的3D数据通过利用激光照射材料选择性地烧结混合粉末材料；其中玻璃泡的比重是树脂粉末比重的0.8至1.2倍。
在优选实施方案中，可通过调节玻璃泡的外径与内径的比值来调节玻璃泡的比重。优选地，玻璃泡的比重可以是树脂粉末比重的约0.9至约1.1倍。
在另一个优选实施方案中，玻璃泡可包括第一玻璃泡和第二玻璃泡的混合物，第一玻璃泡的外径与树脂粉末的外径相同，第二玻璃泡的外径是树脂粉末外径的约1/3至约1/2。
在再另一个优选实施方案中，树脂粉末可选自由尼龙6、尼龙66、聚丙烯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(“ABS”)、聚乳酸(“PLA”)、氯化聚乙烯(“PC”)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(“PMMA”)组成的组，且树脂粉末的外径可以是2至200μm。
使用上述SLS 3D打印制造方法会使产品性质均匀并提高整体的机械性能。
通过使用外径小于树脂粉末外径的玻璃泡，可以使树脂粉末气孔的形成最小化，并使在利用激光照射材料之后孔或穴的产生最小化。
以下将讨论本公开的其它方面和优选实施方案。
应理解，本文中使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它相似术语通常包括机动车辆，例如载人汽车(包括运动型多用途车(“SUV”)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商用车辆)、船舶(包括各种船和舰)、飞机等，且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、插电式混合动力电动车辆、氢动力车辆以及其它替代燃料车辆(例如，从除石油之外的资源获得的燃料)。如本文所述，混合动力车辆为具有两种或更多种动力源，例如汽油动力车辆和电动车辆。
附图说明
现在将参考附图所图示的本公开的某些示例性实施方案详细描述本公开的上述以及其它特征，以下所提供的附图仅仅是说明性的，因此并不限制本发明，在附图中：
图1图示了玻璃泡的外径D1和内径D2。
应理解，附图并不一定按照比例绘制，只是给出对说明本发明的基本原理的各种优选特征的某种程度的简化表示。本文所公开的本公开的具体设计特征，包括例如具体尺寸、定向、位置和形状，将部分地由特定预期应用和使用环境确定。
在附图中，附图标记在所有附图中指示本发明的相同或等效部件。
具体实施方式
下面将详细参考本公开的各种实施方案，其实例在附图中示出并在下文中进行了描述。虽然描述了示例性实施方案，但应理解，本说明书并非旨在将本公开限制于那些示例性实施方案。相反，本公开不仅旨在涵盖示例性实施方案，而且还旨在涵盖所附权利要求限定的各种替代方案、修改、等同物以及其它实施方案。
本公开提供了一种利用选择性激光烧结(SLS)3D打印机制造具有均匀性质的三维产品的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：通过混合树脂粉末和玻璃泡制备混合粉末材料；利用辊将混合粉末材料提供给3D打印机；以及根据待制造产品的3D数据通过利用激光照射粉末选择性地烧结混合粉末材料；优选地，玻璃泡的比重是树脂粉末比重的约0.8至约1.2倍。
以下，更详细地描述了根据示例性实施方案利用SLS 3D打印机制造具有均匀性质的三维产品的方法。
为了解决位置分散问题，该方法提供了通过控制玻璃泡的外径和内径的比值将玻璃泡的比重调节成等于基粉末(base powder)的比重。这使得打印产品的物理性质整体均匀。
可通过调节玻璃泡的外径和内径的比值来控制玻璃泡的比重。如图1所示，玻璃泡的外径是指玻璃泡的整个直径，而内径是指玻璃所包围的空的内部空间的直径。随着玻璃泡的内径相对于外径减小，玻璃的厚度和比重增加。另一方面，随着玻璃泡的内径相对于外径增大，玻璃的厚度和比重减小。
玻璃泡材料的比重优选是树脂粉末比重的0.8至1.2倍，更优选是0.9至1.1倍。如果玻璃泡的比重小于树脂比重的0.8倍，则玻璃泡的外部厚度会不理想地变薄，且玻璃泡在铣削、成型和转移期间可能会损坏，或产品的冲击强度可降低。当玻璃泡的比重大于树脂比重的1.2倍时，3D打印的转移制备过程中的分散不足，因此打印的物品的机械性能可能不均匀。
在制造方法的实例实施方案中使用的玻璃泡材料可包括具有不同外径的玻璃泡的混合物。
在一个实施方案中，玻璃泡材料可包括第一玻璃泡和第二玻璃泡的混合物，第一玻璃泡的外径与树脂粉末的外径相同，第二玻璃泡的外径是树脂粉末外径的约1/3至约1/2。通过使用外径小于树脂粉末外径的玻璃泡，可以使树脂粉末之间的空的空间最小化，并使在利用激光照射材料之后孔或穴(pocket)的产生最小化。在实例实施方案中，虽然使用的树脂粉末的类型不受限制，但树脂粉末选自由尼龙6、尼龙66、聚丙烯、ABS、PLA、PC和PMMA组成的组。
树脂粉末的外径可以是约2至约200μm，优选约10至约100μm，更优选约25至约55μm。如果树脂粉末的外径小于2μm，则粉末研磨过程昂贵且耗时，且由于成型和制备过程期间产生的静电，很难处理树脂粉末材料。如果树脂粉末的外径大于200μm，则熔化和输出所需的激光照射时间增加，且打印产品的表面质量受损。
树脂粉末表面也可选择性地包括相容剂和偶联剂以提高树脂与树脂粉末和玻璃泡之间的表面之间的粘附强度。在实例实施方案中，相容剂可以是改性马来酸酐(modifiedmaleic anhydride)，偶联剂可以是硅烷基偶联剂。
在根据本公开的制造方法的进一步的实例实施方案中，可以附加地将辅助增强剂(包括，例如碳黑、碳纳米管(“CNT”)、玻璃纤维等)磨成粉并添加至树脂-玻璃混合物。与传统材料相比，添加增强剂可进一步提高打印产品的机械性能。辅助增强剂的添加量可以是约0.5至约5重量份(parts by weight，重量份数)，优选约1至约3重量份。辅助增强剂太少时，表现不出增强效果。辅助增强剂的量过大时，由于辅助增强剂与树脂粉末之间的比重差异，很难保持分散。
以下，将详细描述非限制性实例实施方案。
实例
实例1至15
将通过混合具有如以下表1中示出的外径和内径的玻璃泡和树脂粉末而获得的混合粉末用作SLS 3D打印机的起始材料来制备组件。
树脂粉末在实例1至8中是尼龙PA6，在实例9和10中是尼龙PA66，在实例11中是聚丙烯(PP)，在实例12中是ABS，在实例13中是PC，在实例14中是PMMA，在实例15中是PLA。
比较实例1至7
将通过混合具有如以下表1中图示的外径和内径的玻璃泡和树脂粉末而获得的混合粉末用作SLS 3D打印机的起始材料来制备组件。
树脂粉末在比较实例1至5中是尼龙PA6，在比较实例6和7中是尼龙PA66。
试验实例
测量了根据实例和比较实例制造的三维组件的粗糙度、上下端的比重以及上下端的抗拉强度MPa，并在下表1中示出。
组件的粗糙度采用KS标准表示为表面粗糙度的粗糙度数，KS标准分为五个范围，分别是N1至N4、N5至N7、N8至N9、N10至N11，和N12。数字越高表明表面粗糙程度越大。
[表1]
Figure BDA0001402845710000081
如表1所示，在比较实例中，随着玻璃泡的内径相对于外径减小，玻璃泡的厚度增大，且玻璃泡与树脂之间的比重差异会导致位置分布。结果是，打印组件下端的抗拉强度低于上端的抗拉强度(即，打印产品的机械性能不均匀)。
还如表1所示，在玻璃泡的比重是树脂粉末比重的0.8至1.2倍的实例的情况下，组件的粗糙度低于比较实例；在玻璃泡的比重是树脂粉末比重的0.9至1.1倍的情况下，与比较实例相比，组件上端和下端的比重相对均匀，且组件上端和下端的抗拉强度相对均匀。
尽管以上已详细描述了实例实施方案，但本领域的技术人员将理解，在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可对这些实施方案进行改变，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种利用选择性激光烧结3D打印机制造具有均匀的机械性能的三维产品的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
通过将树脂粉末和玻璃泡混合来制备混合粉末材料，其中，所述玻璃泡的比重是所述树脂粉末的比重的0.8至1.2倍；
将所述混合粉末材料提供至所述3D打印机；以及
基于待制造产品的3D数据通过利用激光照射所述混合粉末材料来选择性地烧结所述混合粉末材料，
其中，通过调节所述玻璃泡的外径与所述玻璃泡的内径的比值来调节所述玻璃泡的比重，
其中，所述玻璃泡包括第一玻璃泡和第二玻璃泡的混合物，所述第一玻璃泡的外径与所述树脂粉末的外径相同，所述第二玻璃泡的外径是所述树脂粉末的外径的1/3至1/2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，利用辊将所述混合粉末材料提供至所述3D打印机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述玻璃泡的比重是所述树脂粉末的比重的0.9至1.1倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述树脂粉末选自由尼龙6、尼龙66、聚丙烯、ABS、PLA、PC和PMMA组成的组。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述树脂粉末的外径为2至200μm。
6.一种三维产品，所述三维产品通过权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的方法来制造而具有均匀的机械性能。
CN201710806542.1A 2016-12-28 2017-09-08 制造三维产品的方法和相关三维产品 Active CN108248023B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2016-0181653 2016-12-28
KR1020160181653A KR101886537B1 (ko) 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Sls 방식 3d 프린터를 이용한 물성이 균등한 3차원 입체 형상 제품의 제조 방법

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN108248023A CN108248023A (zh) 2018-07-06
CN108248023B true CN108248023B (zh) 2022-01-07

Family

ID=62625894

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201710806542.1A Active CN108248023B (zh) 2016-12-28 2017-09-08 制造三维产品的方法和相关三维产品

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US10850443B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR101886537B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN108248023B (zh)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116901443A (zh) * 2018-07-02 2023-10-20 依视路国际公司 用于在增材制造工艺中确定三维产品的优先级和位置的方法
KR20200072624A (ko) 2018-12-12 2020-06-23 참엔지니어링(주) 가스 순환기 및 적층 가공 장치
KR20200075130A (ko) 2018-12-12 2020-06-26 참엔지니어링(주) 분말 공급기 및 적층 가공 장치
KR102179567B1 (ko) 2019-08-13 2020-11-17 원광이엔텍 (주) 3차원 프린터용 모델링 파일 통합 편집 장치 및 방법
KR102117592B1 (ko) 2019-08-13 2020-06-02 원광이엔텍 주식회사 3차원 프린터용 모델링 파일 통합 처리 장치 및 방법
KR102412299B1 (ko) 2021-03-09 2022-06-24 (주)쓰리디머티리얼즈 우레아 반응을 이용한 잉크젯 방식 3d 프린팅 방법
KR102568142B1 (ko) 2021-03-09 2023-08-22 (주)쓰리디머티리얼즈 우레아 반응 기반 3d 프린팅용 잉크 조성물 및 이를 이용한 3d 프린팅 방법
WO2023016848A1 (en) 2021-08-09 2023-02-16 Basf Se Sinter powder (sp) comprising at least one polylactide and at least one polycaprolactone

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5733497A (en) * 1995-03-31 1998-03-31 Dtm Corporation Selective laser sintering with composite plastic material
WO2008086033A1 (en) * 2007-01-10 2008-07-17 Z Corporation Three-dimensional printing material system with improved color, article performance, and ease of use
CN102154932A (zh) * 2011-03-09 2011-08-17 崔江 一种比重小的石头纸
CN102863784A (zh) * 2011-07-06 2013-01-09 赢创德固赛有限公司 含聚合物涂覆颗粒的粉末
JP5301964B2 (ja) * 2008-11-27 2013-09-25 信越ポリマー株式会社 電線用低誘電率材料及び電線
CN103360627A (zh) * 2012-04-09 2013-10-23 三星电子株式会社 玻璃泡、包括玻璃泡的母料和表面形成有金属膜的树脂颗粒

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPI20070108A1 (it) * 2007-09-17 2009-03-18 Enrico Dini Metodo perfezionato per la realizzazione automatica di strutture di conglomerato
EP3838593A1 (en) * 2013-07-11 2021-06-23 Tundra Composites, LLC Surface modified particulate and sintered or injection molded products
KR20150133328A (ko) 2014-05-19 2015-11-30 윈포시스(주) 금속 3차원 프린터의 분말제거용 블레이드 연속 공급 장치

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5733497A (en) * 1995-03-31 1998-03-31 Dtm Corporation Selective laser sintering with composite plastic material
WO2008086033A1 (en) * 2007-01-10 2008-07-17 Z Corporation Three-dimensional printing material system with improved color, article performance, and ease of use
JP5301964B2 (ja) * 2008-11-27 2013-09-25 信越ポリマー株式会社 電線用低誘電率材料及び電線
CN102154932A (zh) * 2011-03-09 2011-08-17 崔江 一种比重小的石头纸
CN102863784A (zh) * 2011-07-06 2013-01-09 赢创德固赛有限公司 含聚合物涂覆颗粒的粉末
CN103360627A (zh) * 2012-04-09 2013-10-23 三星电子株式会社 玻璃泡、包括玻璃泡的母料和表面形成有金属膜的树脂颗粒

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10850443B2 (en) 2020-12-01
US20180178445A1 (en) 2018-06-28
CN108248023A (zh) 2018-07-06
KR101886537B1 (ko) 2018-08-07
KR20180076951A (ko) 2018-07-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN108248023B (zh) 制造三维产品的方法和相关三维产品
Van de Werken et al. Additively manufactured carbon fiber-reinforced composites: State of the art and perspective
Wu et al. Recent developments in polymers/polymer nanocomposites for additive manufacturing
El Moumen et al. Additive manufacturing of polymer composites: Processing and modeling approaches
JP5578290B1 (ja) 中空構造を有する成形体およびその製造方法
Singh et al. Additive manufacturing of syntactic foams: Part 2: Specimen printing and mechanical property characterization
Lyu et al. Research trends in polymer materials for use in lightweight vehicles
EP2496404B1 (en) Compression molding method
Aliyeva et al. Recent developments on the overmolding process for the fabrication of thermoset and thermoplastic composites by the integration of nano/micron-scale reinforcements
KR20220165722A (ko) 지능형 그래핀 나노재료 제조 방법 및 초경량 기계 및 운반 수단에 대한 용도
CN108472840B (zh) 结构体的制造方法
US7531583B2 (en) Composition useful in manufacturing automotive components
Tuazon et al. 3D printing technology and materials for automotive application: a mini-review
CN110088174B (zh) 结构体及其制造方法
Yasa et al. Additive manufacturing of polymer matrix composites
JP2012148443A (ja) リブ付き構造の繊維強化樹脂材とその製造方法
Patel et al. Developments in 3D printing of carbon fiber reinforced polymer containing recycled plastic waste: A review
Tambrallimath et al. Glimpses of 3D Printing in the 21st Century
Ismail et al. 3D-Printed Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM): Fiber Length and Fiber Implementation Techniques, Polymers, 2022, 14 (21), p 4659
Moon et al. Carbon fiber manufacturing and applications as a benchmark for nanotube superfiber development
van de Werken Additively Manufactured Continuous Carbon Fiber Thermoplastic Composites for High-Performance Applications
SungEun A review on recent developments in fused deposition modeling and large-scale direct pellet extrusion of polymer composites
Shah et al. Fibre reinforcement in fused filament fabrication and sustainability: a literature review and future research agenda
US11458651B2 (en) Pre-consolidation of thermoplastic fiber preforms and method of making the same
Haque In-Situ Impregnation of Polymer Matrix with Copper Powder During Additive Manufacturing

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant