CN108243479A - The multi-relay cooperation system and communication means assisted based on vehicle in parking lot - Google Patents
The multi-relay cooperation system and communication means assisted based on vehicle in parking lot Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multi-relay cooperation system assisted based on vehicle in parking lot and communication means, belong to car networking field, according to the multi-relay cooperation system to park cars in the parking lot of foundation, on the basis of vehicle arrival mode and vehicle program parking duration modeling, give the probabilistic model that vehicle leaves behavior, the present invention chooses one section of double bounce point-to-point communication in multi-relay cooperation system, introduce the influence for behavior of leaving, calculate the outage probability of the communication link, obtain leaving influence of each parameter to outage probability in probabilistic model using control variate method, the reference factor when parameter being affected is selected as the System relays, so as to promote the stability of junction network in parking lot.The present invention proposes vehicle and leaves influence of the behavior to network system in parking lot so that park cars has theoretical foundation and specific performance evaluation applied to relay forwarding.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to car networking technology field, more particularly, to it is a kind of based on vehicle in parking lot assist mostly in
After cooperative system and communication means.
Background technology
One of the important component of city car networking as following smart city, provides information transmission, content caching point
The services such as hair and data calculating.The past research object in relation to car networking is more concentrate on by the vehicle moved on road with
And the network of roadside unit composition.However, sharply increasing with worldwide vehicle so that there is a large amount of vehicle to be in and park or at a slow speed
Mobile state, especially in urban central zone.If regarding these parked vehicles as a kind of infrastructure, we can be with
The communication quality of city car networking and computing capability are improved using these vehicles CPUs and wireless telecom equipment.Utilize vehicle
Car antenna so that vehicle in itself can be with transceiving data, so as to serve as the relay node in point-to-point communication.It improves
The communication range and communication quality of user.
Since parked vehicle has quantity big, long inactivity, distribution wide and the fixed feature of physical location, usual quilt
As natural roadside node.However, parked vehicle is typically ignored there are two feature, that is, vehicle is energy in itself
Limited and parked vehicle has the possibility left at any time.Once vehicle leaves, the link of relay node is served as immediately
It disconnects.Therefore, for the link singly relayed, vehicle to leave behavioral implications very big.In view of the usual phase of vehicle in parking lot
Away from relatively near, it may be considered that more vehicles cooperate to form more relay systems, and wherein a vehicle leaves in this way, will not make repeated link
It directly disconnects, so as to weaken the influence that vehicle leaves behavior and interrupted to link.
Usual urban central zone has larger communication requirement, but simultaneously also along with the distribution in a large amount of parking lots.Parking
Traffic density in is always at the state of comparatively dense, by will form cluster at a distance of nearer vehicle, is relayed as one more
System provides the communication service of high stability for the user near parking lot.Shadow of the behavior to communication link is left in view of vehicle
Sound is larger, and behavior is left on the modeling and analysis of leaving behavior to be influenced to be necessary on the specific of repeated link.Simultaneously to from
Start for influence of the model parameter to system performance analysis can be after user select which kind of type of vehicle as assisting
Make relaying and reference information is provided.The research that behavior influences communication link is left on vehicle however, lacking at present.
Invention content
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of the prior art, the present invention provides one kind based on vehicle auxiliary in parking lot
Multi-relay cooperation system and communication means, thus solve in current vehicle networking arenas, when studying network performance, due to lack
It is few that the technical issues of inaccurate to network performance evaluation caused by the research that behavior influences communication link is left on vehicle.
To achieve the above object, one side according to the invention provides a kind of based on vehicle auxiliary in parking lot
Multi-relay cooperation system, including：
The target vehicle in parking lot with car antenna is selected, according to the distance between each described target vehicle, from institute
The vehicle formation relaying cluster that selection in target vehicle meets pre-determined distance range is stated, wherein, it is each to relay cluster comprising cluster head, cluster
Head accordingly relays the information of cluster for storing.
Preferably, the information of the relaying cluster includes the current residual electricity of each vehicle in relaying cluster, relaying cluster Nei Geche
Reach the duration that has stopped of each vehicle in the time and relaying cluster in parking lot.
It is another aspect of this invention to provide that provide a kind of multi-relay cooperation system based on described in above-mentioned any one
Communication means, including：
Mobile terminal on-air testing signal, from parking lot in respectively relay the cluster head of cluster and receive after the test signal to described
Mobile terminal returns to confirmation signal；
The mobile terminal receives the confirmation signal, the corresponding object relay cluster of selection target confirmation signal, and with institute
It states object relay cluster and establishes communication, to send feedback signal from the cluster head of the object relay cluster to the mobile terminal, wherein,
The feedback signal includes the information of the object relay cluster, and the goal verification signal is that signal-to-noise ratio is most in the confirmation signal
Big confirmation signal；
The mobile terminal receives the feedback signal, and is left generally according to the information combination vehicle of the object relay cluster
The outage probability of communication link when rate determines to carry out relay forwarding respectively by each vehicle in the object relay cluster；
According to the outage probability, the selection target vehicle in the object relay cluster carries out signal turn to the mobile terminal
Then hair sends delivery signal to be passed to the target vehicle, to be turned from the target vehicle in same time slot to base station to be communicated
Send out delivery signal to be passed described.
Preferably, it is by signal-to-noise ratio of i-th vehicle as the two-hop link of relaying：
Wherein,|hsri|2With | hrid|2
To obey the exponential distribution that parameter is 1/2, PsFor the transmission power of the mobile terminal, PriFor the repeating power of relay vehicle i,
N0Power for white Gaussian noise.
Preferably, the information combination vehicle according to the object relay cluster leaves determine the probability by the object relay
The outage probability of communication link when each vehicle carries out relay forwarding respectively in cluster, including：
ByIt obtains by jth vehicle is formed in the object relay cluster j-th strip
The outage probability of communication link, wherein,Represent that the signal-to-noise ratio of j-th strip link is less than the probability of communication threshold,Represent jth
Vehicle leaves probability.
Preferably, the vehicle leaves probability and is：
, wherein, PLIt represents that vehicle reaches parking lot in t moment, stops tdurThe probability left after time, ε, κs,t、θs,t、
κl,t、θl,t、D1,tAnd D2,tFor preset parameter value, Г () is upper incomplete gamma functions, and γ () is lower incomplete gamma
Function.
Preferably, the signal-to-noise ratio of the j-th strip link is less than the probability of communication thresholdFor：Its
In,PrjFor the repeating power of relay vehicle j, δ represents communication threshold.
Preferably, the outage probability of the multi-relay cooperation system is：
Wherein,For by the mobile terminal according to the outage probability in the object relay cluster
The repeated link set that the target vehicle of middle selection is formed.
In general, by the above technical scheme conceived by the present invention compared with prior art, it can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect：
1st, the present invention introduces the shadow that vehicle leaves behavior in the junction network performance evaluation to being assisted based on parking lot
It rings, by combining vehicle arrival mode and stay time model, establishes vehicle and leave model, derive that leaving for vehicle is general
Rate；
2nd, after introducing vehicle leaves the influence of behavior, the present invention has been redefined in parking lot in junction network link
It is disconnected, and according to this definition, provide the outage probability being suitble under the scene；
3rd, The present invention gives vehicle arrival moment and vehicle, the two factors of stay time are general to being interrupted under the scene
The specific influence of rate, user is selecting which kind of type of vehicle provides reference information as cooperating relay for after.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the more relay systems proposed by the present invention assisted based on vehicle in parking lot；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the communication means of the more relay systems proposed by the present invention assisted based on vehicle in parking lot；
Fig. 3 is outage probability simulation result proposed by the present invention and the comparison figure using Monte Carlo simulation result；
Fig. 4 is to leave point that the vehicle that model and arrival mode obtain arrives and departs from the time according to vehicle in the present invention
Butut；
Fig. 5 is the variation tendency of outage probability in the more relay systems one day assisted in the present invention based on vehicle in parking lot
Figure；
Fig. 6 be in the present invention vehicle stay time to interrupt impact probability analogous diagram；
Fig. 7 be in the present invention vehicle arrival moment to interrupt impact probability analogous diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
It does not constitute a conflict with each other and can be combined with each other.
The present invention is directed in current vehicle networking arenas, does not have also research that vehicle is left shadow of the behavior as network performance
One of the factor of sound analyzes vehicle and leaves behavior to the influence based on junction network in parking lot, first, establishes based on parking lot
More relay systems of interior vehicle auxiliary, inner part of parking lot form cluster at a distance of nearer vehicle, with reference to vehicle arrival mode and
Vehicle program stay time model obtains the model that leaves of vehicle, and derives the closure expression formula for leaving probability of vehicle.
When calculating the outage probability of two-hop link, introduce vehicle leaves probability.And pass through control variate method, obtain vehicle arrival time
Influence of the stay time to system break probability.
It is the schematic diagram of the more relay systems proposed by the present invention assisted based on vehicle in parking lot as shown in Figure 1, including：
The target vehicle in parking lot with car antenna is selected, according to the distance between each target vehicle, is selected from target vehicle
The vehicle formation for meeting pre-determined distance range relays cluster, wherein, each to relay cluster comprising cluster head, cluster head is used in storing accordingly
After the information of cluster, the information for relaying cluster includes the current residual electricity of each vehicle in relaying cluster, relays each vehicle in cluster and reach and stop
The duration that each vehicle has stopped in the time in parking lot and relaying cluster.
In embodiments of the present invention, pre-determined distance range can be determined according to actual needs, more relay system masters
Communication service is provided for the mobile terminal near parking lot, which includes the communication equipment in pedestrian or neighbouring building
Deng the user with long-time communication requirement.
In general, the vehicle in parking lot has the characteristics that marshalling, antenna can form virtual antenna array, improve
Communication performance, method, chooses single sender and single recipient to simplify the analysis, is formed with the relaying cluster of selection virtual single defeated
Enter multi output and virtual MISO system, since the vehicle of stopping is in itself without communication requirement, it is only necessary to forward user
Data, therefore the relaying in cluster only needs to receive and dispatch a small amount of control information, for channel synchronization and transmits channel status, and join
The information identical with the relay forwarding of cooperation, so as to fulfill diversity gain.
It is showing for the communication means of the more relay systems proposed by the present invention assisted based on vehicle in parking lot as shown in Figure 2
It is intended to, based on the multi-relay cooperation system assisted based on vehicle in parking lot that such as Fig. 1 is established, this example is chosen near parking lot
Mobile terminal S and base station D double bounce communication link as research object.The region irised out in Fig. 1 is at a distance of nearer vehicle
The cluster of formation, it is assumed that S needs to communicate with the neighbouring D not in communication range, S on-air testing signals first, in parking lot
The cluster head of each relaying cluster returns to confirmation signal after receiving test signal, and S selections return to the cluster of signal-to-noise ratio maximum confirmation signal,
It communicates with cluster head foundation, the information in cluster is fed back to S by cluster head, and S selects appropriate number of vehicle according to information about firms in cluster
Form single-input multiple output.Then, S sends the signal x for needing to transmit to the vehicle chosen, and the vehicle for receiving signal is adopted
Identical information is forwarded to give base station D, the signal that D receptions are sended over from vehicle in same time slot with amplification forwarding pattern.Specifically
Ground in method shown in Fig. 2, includes the following steps：
S1：Mobile terminal on-air testing signal, from parking lot in respectively relay the cluster head of cluster and receive after test signal to movement
Terminal returns to confirmation signal；
S2：Mobile terminal receives confirmation signal, the corresponding object relay cluster of selection target confirmation signal, and and object relay
Cluster establishes communication, to send feedback signal from the cluster head of object relay cluster to mobile terminal, wherein, feedback signal is included in target
After the information of cluster, goal verification signal is the confirmation signal of signal-to-noise ratio maximum in confirmation signal；
S3：Mobile terminal receive feedback signal, and according to the information combination vehicle of object relay cluster leave determine the probability by
The outage probability of communication link when each vehicle carries out relay forwarding respectively in object relay cluster；
S4：Mobile terminal carries out signal forwarding, Ran Houxiang after selection target vehicle in cluster in the target according to outage probability
Target vehicle sends delivery signal to be passed, to forward delivery signal to be passed to base station to be communicated in same time slot from target vehicle.
In an optional embodiment, it is by signal-to-noise ratio of i-th vehicle as the two-hop link of relaying：
Wherein,|hsri|2With | hrid|2
To obey the exponential distribution that parameter is 1/2, PsFor the transmission power of mobile terminal, PriFor the repeating power of relay vehicle i, N0For
The power of white Gaussian noise.
In an optional embodiment, determine the probability is left by target according to the information combination vehicle of object relay cluster
The outage probability of communication link when each vehicle carries out relay forwarding respectively in relaying cluster, including：
ByIt obtains being made of jth vehicle in object relay cluster
J-th strip communication link outage probability, wherein,Represent that the signal-to-noise ratio of j-th strip link is less than the probability of communication threshold,
Represent jth vehicle leaves probability.
Wherein, the method for determination that vehicle leaves probability is：
With reference to vehicle arrival mode and the model of vehicle program stay time, obtain vehicle leaves model, wherein, vehicle
Reach parking lot at the time of t obey Weibull distribution, specially：
Vehicle is expected that the cumulative distribution function of at least stay time x is after t moment reaches parking lot：
The probability left using vehicle in short time ε is stopping t instead of current time vehicledurUnder conditions of time
The probability left, specially：
Wherein, PLIt represents that vehicle reaches parking lot in t moment, stops tdurThe probability left after time, ε, κs,t、θs,t、
κl,t、θl,t、D1,tAnd D2,tFor preset parameter value, Г () is upper incomplete gamma functions, and γ () is lower incomplete gamma
Function.
Wherein, the condition of link down is redefined after general expression formula it is having obtained leaving for vehicle：1) this
The Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of link is less than the threshold value δ that communication needs；2) vehicle of relay node is served as in this link in communication period
It leaves, link disconnects immediately.According to new definition, the signal-to-noise ratio for obtaining j-th strip link is less than the probability of communication thresholdFor：Wherein,PrjFor the repeating power of relay vehicle j, δ represents communication threshold.
Wherein, for more relay systems, receiving terminal receives the outage probability phase of mode, then each of the links using selection combining
Mutually independent, therefore, the outage probability of whole system is：
Wherein,For by mobile terminal according to outage probability in the target after the target selected in cluster
The repeated link set that vehicle is formed.
Verification explanation is carried out to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The correctness of outage probability expression formula is verified using Monte Carlo simulation, moment and pre- is reached according to vehicle first
The probability distribution for counting stay time is the arrival moment t of vehiclearrWith by the duration t stoppeddurInitial value is assigned, selection is at 3 points in afternoon
Observation point tcur, i.e., the 3 points in the afternoon outage probabilities calculated at this time.Then departure time tdepIt can basis：
tdep=tarr+tdur
It obtains.Work as tdep＜ tcurWhen, that is, judge that the vehicle has left.By tarrThe formula that probability is left in substitution can calculate
Vehicle is in the theoretical value for leaving probability at observation moment.By 10000 Monte Carlo simulations, Fig. 3 is outage probability simulation value
With the comparison result figure of theoretical value, it can be seen that the two can be very good to be fitted, and demonstrate the outage probability table that the present invention derives
Up to the correctness of formula.Wherein, parameter used in emulation is shown in Table 1：
Table 1
| Parameter | Numerical value |
| Ps,Pri | 2W |
| N0 | 200mW |
| α,β | 0.9831,16.8 |
| tcur | 15:00 |
The variation tendency of outage probability in more relay systems of the research based on vehicle auxiliary in parking lot one day.Pass through vehicle
Cut-off time and the probability density function for the duration that stops, can draw the distribution map that vehicle arrives and departs from the moment.Such as Fig. 4 institutes
Show.Most of vehicles enter parking lot, the vehicle that parking lot is left at this time between 8 points to 10 points in the morning as can be seen from Figure 4
It is less.Most of vehicles leave for 18 points later at night, and the vehicle for reaching parking lot at this time is less.Assuming that the capacity of a parking
For 500 vehicles, one day vehicle number in parking lot flowing is 2000, using the cut-off time and it is expected that the probability of stay time is close
It spends function and initial value is set for each car, the outage probability of system in one day can be predicted by Monte Carlo simulation, such as Fig. 5 institutes
Show.Increase afterwards it can be seen that outage probability first reduced in one day, the distribution with reference to Fig. 4 vehicle arrival times and time departure is bent
Line analysis, a large amount of vehicle enters parking lot during 8 points to 11 of morning and only a small amount of vehicle leaves, and the communication link established at this time can
To keep longer run time, therefore outage probability becomes smaller.At night 18 points to 21 when a large amount of vehicle left from parking lot and
Only a small amount of vehicle enters, and the communication link established at this time is easy to because relaying leaves and interrupts, and link is unstable, causes
Outage probability increases.Therefore the outage probability of the system is related with the rate of vehicle dynamic change in parking lot.
It obtains vehicle and leaves two parameters in model, arrival moment and stay time, to system break probability
It influences.In order to preferably find out the influence of cut-off time and the duration stopped to outage probability, we select to calculate in 1
Outage probability in the case of forwarding.In Fig. 6, vehicle respectively in the morning 7 points, 10 points and at 1 point in afternoon, 4 points enter parking lot.This
The difference that outage probability changes under the different time is stopped afterwards is no more than 0.1.I.e. the residence time of vehicle there almost is not outage probability
Have an impact.However the difference of cut-off time, the difference of outage probability can be caused.As seen from Figure 7, the song of different parking durations
Line overlaps, and the result for comparing Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 can be seen that shadow of influence of the cut-off time of vehicle to outage probability more than stay time
It rings, more apparent can must increase outage probability as relaying selecting 15 points of vehicles stopped to 17 points.Because these vehicles are in the short time
It is inside easier to leave.And selecting outage probability caused by reaching the vehicle in parking lot in 4 points to 10 points relatively low, this is living with the society of people
It is dynamic closely bound up.Therefore when according to action selection relaying is left, emphasis is answered to consider the influence of cut-off time, when stop can be neglected
Long influence.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made all within the spirits and principles of the present invention etc., should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of multi-relay cooperation system assisted based on vehicle in parking lot, which is characterized in that including：
The target vehicle in parking lot with car antenna is selected, according to the distance between each described target vehicle, from the mesh
Selection meets the vehicle formation relaying cluster of pre-determined distance range in mark vehicle, wherein, it is each to relay cluster comprising cluster head, cluster head use
In the information of the corresponding relaying cluster of storage.
2. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the information of the relaying cluster includes each vehicle in relaying cluster
Each vehicle reaches the duration that each vehicle has stopped in the time and relaying cluster in parking lot in current residual electricity, relaying cluster.
3. a kind of communication means of the multi-relay cooperation system based on described in claims 1 or 2, which is characterized in that including：
Mobile terminal on-air testing signal, from parking lot in respectively relay the cluster head of cluster and receive after the test signal to the movement
Terminal returns to confirmation signal；
The mobile terminal receives the confirmation signal, the corresponding object relay cluster of selection target confirmation signal, and with the mesh
Mark relaying cluster establishes communication, to send feedback signal from the cluster head of the object relay cluster to the mobile terminal, wherein, it is described
Feedback signal includes the information of the object relay cluster, and the goal verification signal is that signal-to-noise ratio is maximum in the confirmation signal
Confirmation signal；
The mobile terminal receives the feedback signal, and it is true according to the information combination vehicle of the object relay cluster to leave probability
The outage probability of fixed communication link when carrying out relay forwarding respectively by each vehicle in the object relay cluster；
According to the outage probability, the selection target vehicle in the object relay cluster carries out signal forwarding to the mobile terminal, so
Send delivery signal to be passed to the target vehicle afterwards, with from the target vehicle described in same time slot to base station to be communicated forwarding
Delivery signal to be passed.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, by signal-to-noise ratio of i-th vehicle as the two-hop link of relaying
For：
Wherein,|hsri|2With | hrid|2For clothes
From the exponential distribution that parameter is 1/2, PsFor the transmission power of the mobile terminal, PriFor the repeating power of relay vehicle i, N0It is high
The power of this white noise.
5. the according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, information combination vehicle according to the object relay cluster
Leave the outage probability of communication link when determine the probability is carried out relay forwarding by each vehicle in the object relay cluster respectively, packet
It includes：
ByIt obtains by jth vehicle is formed in the object relay cluster j-th strip communication chain
The outage probability on road, wherein,Represent that the signal-to-noise ratio of j-th strip link is less than the probability of communication threshold,Represent jth vehicle
Leave probability.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the vehicle leaves probability is：
, wherein, PLIt represents that vehicle reaches parking lot in t moment, stops tdurThe probability left after time, ε, κs,t、θs,t、κl,t、
θl,t、D1,tAnd D2,tFor preset parameter value, Г () is upper incomplete gamma functions, and γ () is lower incomplete gamma functions.
7. method according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that the signal-to-noise ratio of the j-th strip link is less than communication threshold
ProbabilityFor：Wherein,PrjFor the repeating power of relay vehicle j, δ is represented
Communication threshold.
8. system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the outage probability of the multi-relay cooperation system is：
Wherein,To be selected in the object relay cluster according to the outage probability by the mobile terminal
The repeated link set that the target vehicle selected is formed.
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| CN109005523A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-14 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of cross-layer routing method of car networking, device and electronic equipment |
| CN112637812A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-09 | 温州大学 | Vehicle-mounted cooperative communication relay selection method based on supervised machine learning |
| CN113347606A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-03 | 长安大学 | V2I/V2V network cooperative transmission method and system based on elastic partition |
| WO2023226882A1 (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-11-30 | 索尼集团公司 | Electronic device used for wireless communication, method, and computer readable storage medium |
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| CN113347606A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-03 | 长安大学 | V2I/V2V network cooperative transmission method and system based on elastic partition |
| CN113347606B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-11-22 | 长安大学 | V2I/V2V network cooperative transmission method and system based on elastic partition |
| WO2023226882A1 (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-11-30 | 索尼集团公司 | Electronic device used for wireless communication, method, and computer readable storage medium |
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