CN108241784A - The cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path is combined with ring cutting track - Google Patents

The cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path is combined with ring cutting track Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108241784A
CN108241784A CN201810014621.3A CN201810014621A CN108241784A CN 108241784 A CN108241784 A CN 108241784A CN 201810014621 A CN201810014621 A CN 201810014621A CN 108241784 A CN108241784 A CN 108241784A
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cavity
process tool
ring cutting
combined
cutting track
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刘建东
徐志佳
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17Mechanical parametric or variational design
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/004Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life
    • G06N3/006Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life based on simulated virtual individual or collective life forms, e.g. social simulations or particle swarm optimisation [PSO]

Abstract

The invention discloses the cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path is combined with ring cutting track, and the appearance profile information of cavity is read first in CAD software, set machined parameters, including available process tool sequence, the feed speed of the speed of mainshaft and cutting;Then the axis of cavity is generated, and obtains the radius of the maximum inscribed circle of every on axis, maximum inscribed circle function of radius is established with this;Ant group algorithm is reused, process tool is chosen, obtains optimal process tool combination;The strategy finally combined using cycloidal path with ring cutting track, generate the knife rail of each process tool in optimal process tool combination, and carry out postpositive disposal, machining center is output to be processed, both the problem of radial direction cutting-in is excessive in ring cutting track had been eliminated, the problem of also avoiding cycloidal path processing efficiency is low when processing broad area;The selection of optimal process tool combination is carried out using ant group algorithm so that the process that process tool is chosen is automatic, accurate, efficient.

Description

The cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path is combined with ring cutting track
Technical field
The present invention relates to the CAD/CAM technical fields of mechanical processing, specially a kind of cycloidal path is combined with ring cutting track Cavity multicutter method for milling.
Background technology
Previous, for the Milling Process of cavity, since tool changing operation is very cumbersome and extremely expends the time, general only meeting It is processed using one to two cutters.But in recent years, being widely used in the industrial production with machining center, tool changing behaviour Work becomes very convenient quick, and the multicutter processing for cavity provides the foundation.On the other hand, with the industry of mechanical processing Development, the cavity of required processing also become increasingly complex, and the processing efficiency of cavity can be caused very by only using one to two cutters Lowly.
The principle of the multicutter milling of cavity is the passability according to cavity everywhere, to determine the processing district of each cutter Domain, and the cutter that each machining area can all use size as big as possible.So process tool substantially can be narrow in milling at this time The state of slot.Some researches show that, cutter load sudden change can be caused with the knives rail milling narrow slot such as ring cutting, and use cycloid knife rail can This problem is avoided well, so cycloid knife rail will be as the main processing knife rail of this method.On the other hand, cycloid knife rail exists During the non-narrow slot region of milling, it may appear that the situation that processing efficiency declines, so circular cutter rail can be introduced into improve efficiency at this time.
The problem of one of the multicutter milling of cavity is important is how to choose optimal process tool combination, so that always Process time it is most short.Selection of the current computer-aided manufacturing software to process tool can not effectively be chosen optimal Process tool combination, also rest on the state that one to two cutters are processed that only uses.
There is the selection that some scholars combine optimal process tool to be studied in recent years, the method that they are proposed The selection of cutter is substantially carried out using enumerative technique or branch and bound method, but when the number of available process tool is more When, very huge calculation amount can be caused by therefrom selecting optimal process tool combination using these methods.
Ant group algorithm is a kind of intelligent algorithm of Simulating Evolution, and optimal process tool is combined using ant group algorithm and is carried out Selection can rapidly and accurately obtain a result, can be very big especially for the more situation of the number of available process tool Reduce the calculation amount for selecting knife in ground.
Invention content
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical solution:The type that a kind of cycloidal path is combined with ring cutting track Chamber multicutter method for milling, includes the following steps:
Step 1:The appearance profile information of cavity is read in CAD software, machined parameters are set, including available processing knife Has the feed speed of sequence, the speed of mainshaft and cutting;
Step 2:The axis of cavity is generated, and obtains the radius of the maximum inscribed circle of every on axis, maximum is established with this Inscribed circle radius function;
Step 3:Using ant group algorithm, process tool is chosen, obtains optimal process tool combination;
Step 4:The strategy combined using cycloidal path with ring cutting track is generated in optimal process tool combination and respectively processes knife The knife rail of tool, and postpositive disposal is carried out, it is output to machining center and is processed.
As a kind of preferred technical solution of the present invention, process tool sequence described in the step 1 refers to several milling The set of knife, and it puts in order to be arranged from small to large according to cutter diameter.
As a kind of preferred technical solution of the present invention, the axis of the cavity described in the step 2 refers to cavity profile The set in all maximum inscribed circle centers of circle in the plane closed area of composition.
As a kind of preferred technical solution of the present invention, the maximum inscribed circle function of radius described in the step 2 refers to, End point is defined on axis as basic point, using every on axis to the basic point distance on axis as independent variable, with every on axis The radius length of the corresponding maximum inscribed circle of point is the function of dependent variable.
As a kind of preferred technical solution of the present invention, the optimal process tool combination described in the step 3 refer to Total process time is minimised as target, is combined using the process tool selected by ant group algorithm, and optimal process tool combines To put in order arranged from small to large according to tool dimension.
As a kind of preferred technical solution of the present invention, what cycloidal path described in the step 4 was combined with ring cutting track Strategy has following feature:
1) cycloidal path refers to prolate cycloid, i.e., certain outside the circle when circle is rolled along one section of lines The movement locus of point;Circle rolls one week, an as cycloid period, and the distance between center of circle is step pitch before and after rolling, and circle is outer fixed Radius of the point to circle center distance for cycloid;
2) the ring cutting track refers to the institute in a manner that cavity outer profile inwardly biases, cavity Internal periphery is outwardly biased simultaneously The track of generation;
3) cycloidal path and the strategy that ring cutting track is combined refer to use cycloidal path as main processing method, Circular cutter rail is introduced in the machining area of the cutter of size maximum, to improve processing efficiency.
As a kind of preferred technical solution of the present invention, ant group algorithm is used described in the step 3, to process tool Choose and include the following steps:
Step 3-1:The processing knife rail of each cutter of strategy generating that is combined using cycloidal path with ring cutting track simultaneously calculates knife Rail length, establishes digraph, initializes the pheromones on each path;
Step 3-2:All ants are advanced according to pheromones path selection, some nodes in digraph of passing by are reached home Traveling process is completed, then updates the pheromones on all paths;
Step 3-3:K step 3-2 is repeated, then the shortest path that ant is passed by when recording last time step 3-2 will The set of node that the path is passed through is converted into selected process tool combination.
As a kind of preferred technical solution of the present invention, digraph described in the step 3-1 refers to, all roads between node The set of diameter, each node represent a process tool, and the distance between node is to be connect according to processing knife rail length with withdrawing Knife rail length computation obtains.
As a kind of preferred technical solution of the present invention, the pheromones described in the step 3-1 refer to that ant is being passed by Path on a kind of volatile point of object that oozes for discharging.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention is combined using cycloidal path with ring cutting track Strategy, both eliminated the problem of radial direction cutting-in is excessive in ring cutting track, and also avoided cycloidal path when processing broad area The problem of processing efficiency is low;Meanwhile the selection of optimal process tool combination is carried out using ant group algorithm so that process tool selects The process taken is automatic, accurate, efficient.In general, the present invention can be provided for the multicutter Milling Process of complex-shaped surface mould automatically, Efficient Processing Strategies.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of cavity multicutter method for milling that cycloidal path of the present invention is combined with ring cutting track.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of cavity axis.
Fig. 3 is the mathematical model schematic diagram of cycloidal path.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the empty feed stroke of cycloid is substituted by circular arc and line segment.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that ant goes to terminal from starting point in ant group algorithm.
Fig. 6 is the machining locus figure of the cutter D12 of cavity example.
Fig. 7 is the machining locus figure of the cutter D8 of cavity example.
Fig. 8 is the machining locus figure of the cutter D4 of cavity example.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without making creative work Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution:The cavity multitool that a kind of cycloidal path is combined with ring cutting track Have method for milling, include the following steps:
(1) the appearance profile information of cavity is read in CAD software, machined parameters are set, including available process tool Sequence, the speed of mainshaft, the feed speed of cutting.
(2) axis of cavity is generated, and obtains the radius of the maximum inscribed circle of every on axis, maximum inscribe is established with this Radius of circle function r (s).
First with the axis of Voronoi diagram generation cavity, Fig. 2 show the axis of a complex-shaped surface mould, then can be with Maximum inscribed circle function of radius r (s) is obtained by the shortest distance on every on axis to cavity boundary.
(3) next process tool is chosen using ant group algorithm, obtains optimal process tool combination.
(4) strategy combined using cycloidal path with ring cutting track generates each process tool in optimal process tool combination Knife rail, and carry out postpositive disposal, be output to machining center and be processed.
As shown in figure 3, the exponential model of cycloid is represented by
Wherein xTR(s) and yTR(s) it is the coordinate of any on cycloid;It is sat with ψ (s) for the abscissa of axis with vertical Mark;rTR(s) it is trochoidal radius length, process tool radius can be subtracted by calculating r (s) and obtained;Angle, θ is cycloid half Diameter and the tangential angle of axis.
The example that the empty feed stroke being illustrated in figure 4 in cycloid knife rail is replaced by line segment and circular arc.
With the strategy that cycloidal path is combined with ring cutting track, the knife rail of each cutter in knife combination is generated.The knife combination To put in order arranged from small to large according to tool dimension, it is assumed that a is shared in the knife combination cutter, for preceding (a-1) Cutter, the radius of cycloid can be limited in smaller range, so machining of cycloid knife rail has higher efficiency.
For a the machining area of cutter, the radius of cycloid can be limited within 1.5 times of process tool radius, In the region for failing to be worked into, it is processed using ring cutting track.
Using ant group algorithm, process tool, which choose, following steps:
Step 3-1:The processing knife rail of each cutter of strategy generating that is combined using cycloidal path with ring cutting track simultaneously calculates knife Rail length, establishes digraph, initializes the pheromones on each path.
Available process tool sequence is n the set of milling cutter, establishes the set V of node, and V=1,2,3 ..., N, n+1 }, each node represents a cutter in preceding n node, and (n+1)th node represents that ant is advanced and complete.
Establish digraph
G=(V, A)
Wherein, A be it is all can passage path set, i.e.,(i, j) is from node i To the path of node j.Then the initial information element initialized on all paths is equal.
Step 3-2:All ants are advanced according to pheromones path selection, some nodes in digraph of passing by are reached home Traveling process is completed, then updates the pheromones on all paths.
Fig. 5 show the example of ant travel path, and synteny does not represent different paths.A total of m ant, kth In node i, then the next node that the ant will go to is the probability of node j for ant (k≤m) t momentFor
Wherein, τij(t) it is the pheromones of path (i, j) in moment t;ηij(t) when being for t moment on path (i, j) Visibility, visibility are the inverse of two nodal distances;dijFor the distance of path (i, j), can by process knife rail length and Tool change time is added with the knife rail length equivalent that the withdrawing time is converted into and obtains;α is the weighted value of pheromones;β is visibility Weighted value.
When m ant is all reached home, pheromones are updated, new pheromones τij(t+1) it is
Wherein, ρ be pheromones evaporation rate, can according to actual conditions between 0 to 1 value;It can be used following Formula calculates
Wherein CkThe distance of terminal is gone to from starting point for kth ant.
Step 3-3:K step 3-2 is repeated, then the shortest path that ant is passed by when recording last time step 3-2 will The set of node that the path is passed through is converted into selected process tool combination.
With the cavity of Fig. 2 as an example, available process tool sequence is D4, D5, D6, D8, D10 and D12.Use ant colony The optimal process tool that algorithm obtains is combined as D4, D8 and D12.Fig. 6 show the knife rail of cutter D12, and Fig. 7 show cutter D8 Knife rail, Fig. 8 show the knife rail of cutter D4.
The strategy being combined using cycloidal path with ring cutting track, had both eliminated that radial direction cutting-in in ring cutting track is excessive to ask Topic, the problem of also avoiding cycloidal path processing efficiency is low when processing broad area;Meanwhile it is carried out most using ant group algorithm The selection of excellent process tool combination so that the process that process tool is chosen is automatic, accurate, efficient.In general, the present invention can Multicutter Milling Process for complex-shaped surface mould provides automatic, efficient Processing Strategies.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of above-mentioned exemplary embodiment, Er Qie In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power Profit requirement rather than above description limit, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent requirements of the claims Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference numeral in claim should not be considered as to the involved claim of limitation.

Claims (9)

1. the cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path is combined with ring cutting track, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Step 1:The appearance profile information of cavity is read in CAD software, machined parameters are set, including available process tool sequence The feed speed of row, the speed of mainshaft and cutting;
Step 2:The axis of cavity is generated, and obtains the radius of the maximum inscribed circle of every on axis, maximum inscribe is established with this Radius of circle function;
Step 3:Using ant group algorithm, process tool is chosen, obtains optimal process tool combination;
Step 4:The strategy combined using cycloidal path with ring cutting track generates each process tool in optimal process tool combination Knife rail, and postpositive disposal is carried out, it is output to machining center and is processed.
2. the cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path according to claim 1 is combined with ring cutting track, special Sign is that process tool sequence described in the step 1 refers to several set milling cutter, and it puts in order as according to cutter Diameter arranges from small to large.
3. the cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path according to claim 1 is combined with ring cutting track, special Sign is that the axis of the cavity described in the step 2 refers to all most imperial palaces in the plane closed area that cavity profile is formed The set in the circle of contact center of circle.
4. the cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path according to claim 1 is combined with ring cutting track, special Sign is that the maximum inscribed circle function of radius described in the step 2 refers to, end point is defined on axis as basic point, in Every distance to basic point on axis is independent variable on axis, with the radius length of the maximum inscribed circle corresponding to every on axis Function for dependent variable.
5. the cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path according to claim 1 is combined with ring cutting track, special Sign is that the optimal process tool combination described in the step 3 refers to be minimised as target with total process time, uses ant Group algorithm selected by process tool combination, and optimal process tool combination put in order be according to tool dimension from small to large Arrangement.
6. the cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path according to claim 1 is combined with ring cutting track, special Sign is that cycloidal path described in the step 4 has following feature with the strategy that ring cutting track is combined:
1) cycloidal path refers to prolate cycloid, i.e., when circle is rolled along one section of lines, the outer fixed point of the circle Movement locus;Circle rolls one week, an as cycloid period, and the distance between center of circle is step pitch before and after rolling, and the outer fixed point of circle arrives Circle center distance is the radius of cycloid;
2) the ring cutting track refers to be generated in a manner that cavity outer profile inwardly biases, cavity Internal periphery is outwardly biased simultaneously Track;
3) cycloidal path refers to use cycloidal path as main processing method with the strategy that ring cutting track is combined, in ruler The machining area of the cutter of very little maximum introduces circular cutter rail, to improve processing efficiency.
7. the cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path according to claim 1 is combined with ring cutting track, special Sign is, ant group algorithm is used described in the step 3, and selection is carried out to process tool and is included the following steps:
Step 3-1:The processing knife rail of each cutter of strategy generating that is combined using cycloidal path with ring cutting track and to calculate knife rail long Degree, establishes digraph, initializes the pheromones on each path;
Step 3-2:All ants are advanced according to pheromones path selection, some nodes in digraph of passing by are reached home completion Then traveling process updates the pheromones on all paths;
Step 3-3:K step 3-2 is repeated, the shortest path that ant is passed by when recording last time step 3-2, then by the road The set of node that diameter is passed through is converted into selected process tool combination.
8. the cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path according to claim 7 is combined with ring cutting track, special Sign is that digraph described in the step 3-1 refers to, the set in all paths between node, and each node represents one and adds Work cutter, the distance between node connect knife rail length computation with withdrawing according to processing knife rail length and obtain.
9. the cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path according to claim 7 is combined with ring cutting track, special Sign is that the pheromones described in the step 3-1 refer to, volatile point of one kind that ant discharges on the path passed by is oozed Object.
CN201810014621.3A 2018-01-08 2018-01-08 The cavity multicutter method for milling that a kind of cycloidal path is combined with ring cutting track Pending CN108241784A (en)

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