CN108241000B - Pipeline fireproof capability testing device and method - Google Patents
Pipeline fireproof capability testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108241000B CN108241000B CN201611217454.XA CN201611217454A CN108241000B CN 108241000 B CN108241000 B CN 108241000B CN 201611217454 A CN201611217454 A CN 201611217454A CN 108241000 B CN108241000 B CN 108241000B
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Abstract
The invention provides a pipeline fire protection capability testing device, which comprises: the burner is used for burning the pipeline, and the flame range of the burner forms a fire area; the sensor is used for sensing at least one physical parameter of the pipeline and/or the non-pipeline in the ignition area and/or outside the ignition area and outputting a sensing result; and the data acquisition system stores an early warning value determined by the relation between the material performance storage coefficient of the pipeline and the physical parameter, calculates the physical parameter of the pipeline according to the sensing result of the sensor, compares the physical parameter of the pipeline with the early warning value, and sends out an alarm signal if the physical parameter of the pipeline reaches or exceeds the early warning value. The invention also provides a pipeline fireproof capacity testing method corresponding to the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to a pipeline fireproof capability test, in particular to a high-accuracy and high-safety pipeline fireproof capability test device and method.
Background
The fireproof capacity grade refers to the capacity of the part exposed to a thermal field or other specific environments and subjected to flame temperature of 1000-1200 ℃ for about 5min or 15min so as to maintain the original function.
In the field of aircraft engines, external engine pipes for the transport of combustible liquids such as fuel, lubricating oil, etc. are located in areas where the engine may ignite. Therefore, the fire prevention of the external pipeline of the engine is an important link of the safety design of the engine, and the verification of the fire prevention capability of the external pipeline of the engine is an important index. The existing pipeline fire-proof test method specified in the aviation industry standard HB7044-94 "fire-proof test of hose and hard pipe assembly" only specifies equipment and test environment of a burner, does not clearly specify test detection items and test modes, and can judge a test result only by visually observing whether a test process has rupture or leakage or not, and if the test process has rupture or leakage, the test cannot pass. The test verification method has strong subjectivity, lacks data support, and can observe test results only after the pipeline is cracked or leaks/leaks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pipeline fireproof capability test device and method which have data support, can monitor a test state at any time and can judge a test result before a test pipeline is not cracked or leaked/leaked.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an aspect of the present invention provides a device for testing fire protection capability of a pipeline, including:
the burner is used for burning the pipeline, and the flame range of the burner forms a fire area;
the sensor is used for sensing at least one physical parameter of the pipeline and/or the non-pipeline in the ignition area and/or outside the ignition area and outputting a sensing result;
and the data acquisition system stores an early warning value determined by the relation between the material performance storage coefficient of the pipeline and the physical parameter, calculates the physical parameter of the pipeline according to the sensing result of the sensor, compares the physical parameter of the pipeline with the early warning value, and sends out an alarm signal if the physical parameter of the pipeline reaches or exceeds the early warning value.
In one embodiment of the invention, the sensors comprise one or more temperature test sensors and the physical parameter comprises temperature.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the one or more temperature test sensors are disposed on the surface of the pipeline outside the fire area for sensing the temperature of the pipeline outside the fire area.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the one or more temperature test sensors are disposed at a position within the ignition region other than the surface of the pipeline for sensing the flame temperature at the position.
In one embodiment of the invention, the one or more temperature test sensors are at the same height in the flame as the conduit.
In one embodiment of the invention, the formula is used
Calculating the temperature of each part of the pipeline in the ignition area; wherein dx is the length of a infinitesimal section along the axial direction of the pipelineT is the temperature of the pipeline at the dx microsection, PoutThe perimeter of the outer diameter of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section, PinThe perimeter of the inner diameter of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section, houtIs the convective heat transfer coefficient h of the pipeline between the dx infinitesimal section and the airinIs the heat convection coefficient, T, of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section and the working medium in the pipelineairIs the ambient air temperature, T, of the pipeline at the dx microsectionmediumIs the temperature of the working medium in the pipeline, AcThe circular cross-sectional area of the pipeline in the dx micro-element section is shown, and lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the pipeline in the dx micro-element section; wherein the ambient air temperature TairDetermined by the flame temperature.
In one embodiment of the invention, the sensors comprise one or more strain gauge sensors and the physical parameter comprises strain.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the one or more strain test sensors are disposed on the surface of the pipeline outside the fire area for sensing the strain amount of the pipeline outside the fire area.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the one or more strain gage sensors are disposed on the surface of the pipeline within the ignition region and at a location other than the surface of the pipeline within the ignition region.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the strain gauge sensor disposed at a location other than the surface of the pipe within the ignition region and the strain gauge sensor disposed at the surface of the pipe within the ignition region are at the same height in the flame.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the strain amount sensed by the strain test sensor disposed on the surface of the pipeline in the ignition region is σ1The strain amount sensed by the strain test sensor arranged at a position, which is not on the surface of the pipeline, in the ignition area is sigma2Then the strain of the pipeline in the ignition area is σ ═ σ -1－σ2。
In an embodiment of the present invention, the pipeline is further provided with an inlet pressure sensor, an outlet pressure sensor, an inlet flow sensor and a branch flow sensor, and the data acquisition system further determines whether a working medium leaks from the pipeline according to changes in parameters sensed by the inlet pressure sensor, the outlet pressure sensor, the inlet flow sensor and the branch flow sensor.
In another aspect of the present invention, a method for testing fire protection capability of a pipeline is provided, which includes the following steps:
s1: burning the pipeline; wherein the extent of the combustion flame forms a fire zone;
s2: sensing at least one physical parameter of the pipeline and/or the non-pipeline inside the ignition area and/or outside the ignition area and outputting a sensing result;
s3: calculating the physical parameter of the pipeline according to the sensing result, comparing the physical parameter of the pipeline with an early warning value, and sending an alarm signal if the physical parameter of the pipeline reaches or exceeds the early warning value; wherein, the early warning value is determined by the relation between the material performance reserve coefficient of the pipeline and the physical parameter.
In one embodiment of the invention, the physical parameter comprises temperature.
In one embodiment of the present invention, at least the temperature of the pipeline outside the ignition region is sensed in step S2.
In one embodiment of the present invention, at least the flame temperature at the position other than the surface of the pipe in the ignition region is sensed in step S2.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the flame temperature is the temperature of the flame at the level of the conduit.
In one embodiment of the invention, the formula is used
Calculating the temperature of each part of the pipeline in the ignition area; wherein dx is the length of a infinitesimal section along the axial direction of the pipeline, T is the temperature of the pipeline at the dx infinitesimal section, and PoutThe perimeter of the outer diameter of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section, PinThe perimeter of the inner diameter of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section, houtFor the pipeline at the dx infinitesimalConvective heat transfer coefficient between the section and the air, hinIs the heat convection coefficient, T, of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section and the working medium in the pipelineairIs the ambient air temperature, T, of the pipeline at the dx microsectionmediumIs the temperature of the working medium in the pipeline, AcThe circular cross-sectional area of the pipeline in the dx micro-element section is shown, and lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the pipeline in the dx micro-element section; wherein the ambient air temperature TairDetermined by the flame temperature.
In one embodiment of the invention, the physical parameter comprises a dependent variable.
In one embodiment of the present invention, at least the strain amount of the pipeline outside the ignition region is sensed in step S2.
In one embodiment of the present invention, at least the strain amount of the pipeline in the ignition region is sensed in step S2.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: s4: and sensing the inlet pressure, the outlet pressure, the inlet flow and the branch flow of the pipeline, and judging whether working medium leaks in the pipeline according to the changes of the inlet pressure, the outlet pressure, the inlet flow and the branch flow of the pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the pipeline fireproof capability testing device can monitor physical parameters such as temperature and dependent variable of the pipeline at any time through the data acquisition system, the data acquisition system is embedded with a method for material performance parameters, calculating pipeline physical parameters and calculating a material performance storage coefficient theta, the state of the pipeline can be obtained through calculation of the physical parameters such as the temperature and the dependent variable of the pipeline, and the test process can be monitored at any time.
The data acquisition system of the pipeline fireproof capability testing device provided by the invention stores the early warning value, the pipeline can be limited in a safe and controllable range in the sensing process of testing the pipeline, the testing result can be judged in advance, the test is stopped before the pipeline is damaged, the testing safety is improved, and the economic cost can be effectively saved.
The invention can also combine visual detection on the basis of judging whether the pipeline has a leakage result according to a plurality of sensors, thereby improving the accuracy of the experimental result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pipeline fireproof capability testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the data acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the performance reserve factor θ of a certain material of a certain specification and the temperature of the material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic layout of temperature test sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the pipeline temperature testing and calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a pipeline thermal analysis micro-element model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic layout of a strain gage sensor, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of pipeline strain testing and calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method for testing fire protection capability of a pipeline according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pipeline fireproof capability testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the pipeline fireproof capability testing device 100 includes a test bed 110, sensors (one or more of the sensors 121 to 128), and a data acquisition system 130, and is used for testing the fireproof capability of a pipeline 200. The pipeline 200 may be a single pipeline or a pipeline having a plurality of branches. In one non-limiting embodiment, the conduit 200 is a two-branch conduit having a tee junction from which the conduit branches into two branch conduits.
The test stand 110 includes a burner 111 and a mounting test stand 112. The burner 111 is used to burn the duct 200, and the flame range of the burner 111 forms an ignition region. The test bed 112 is installed to fix the pipe 200, and after the fixing, the pipe 200 is located above the burner 111. Tubing 200 may be secured to mounting test rig 112 in a variety of ways, such as by using a plurality of steel wires suspended from mounting test rig 112, or by using a plurality of brackets secured to mounting test rig 112, or by using a combination of bracket securement and steel wire suspension. The test bed 110 may further have an exciter 113, and the exciter 113 is fixedly connected to the pipeline 200 and is configured to transmit a vibration signal to the pipeline 200 during the test. It is understood that in the piping fire protection capability test apparatus 100 of the present invention, the burner 111 in the test stand 110 is a necessary component, and the mounting test stand 112 and the exciter 113 are optional components.
The sensor is used for sensing at least one physical parameter of the pipeline and/or the non-pipeline in the ignition area and/or outside the ignition area. The sensors may be selected from one or more of the sensors 121-128 shown in FIG. 1, wherein the sensing results of the sensors 121, 122 are used to calculate one or more physical parameters of the pipeline 200, and the sensing results of the sensors 123-128 are used to determine one or more physical parameters of the working medium in the pipeline 200. It can be understood that the pipeline fire protection capability testing device of the invention can also be provided with other sensors besides the sensors 121-128 shown in fig. 1.
The temperature test sensor 121 is used to sense the temperature of the pipeline and/or the non-pipeline inside and/or outside the ignition area, and output the sensing result to the data acquisition system 130. The location of the temperature test sensor 121 shown in fig. 1 is merely illustrative, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
The strain test sensor 122 is used for sensing the strain of the pipeline and/or the non-pipeline in the ignition region and/or outside the ignition region, and outputting the sensing result to the data acquisition system 130. The location of the strain gage sensors 122 shown in FIG. 1 is for illustration purposes only, and the invention is not limited thereto.
And the inlet flow sensor 123 is arranged at the inlet end of the pipeline 200 and is used for sensing the flow parameter of the working medium at the inlet end of the pipeline 200 and outputting the sensing result to the data acquisition system 130.
And an inlet pressure sensor 124 disposed at the inlet end of the pipeline 200, for sensing a pressure parameter of the working medium at the inlet end of the pipeline 200, and outputting the sensing result to the data acquisition system 130.
And an inlet temperature sensor 125 disposed at the inlet end of the pipeline 200, for sensing a temperature parameter of the working medium at the inlet end of the pipeline 200, and outputting the sensing result to the data acquisition system 130.
When the pipeline 200 is a pipeline having a plurality of branches, a branch flow sensor 126 may be disposed in one or more branches to sense a flow parameter of the working medium in the branch and output the sensing result to the data acquisition system 130.
And an outlet pressure sensor 127 disposed at the outlet end of the pipeline 200, for sensing a pressure parameter of the working medium at the outlet end of the pipeline 200, and outputting the sensing result to the data acquisition system 130.
And an outlet temperature sensor 128 disposed at the outlet end of the pipeline 200, for sensing a temperature parameter of the working medium at the outlet end of the pipeline 200, and outputting the sensing result to the data acquisition system 130.
The data acquisition system 130 can receive a sensing result output by at least one of the sensors 121-128, determine the state of the pipeline 200 at any time according to the received sensing result, and control the test process through the test bed 110. In the test process, physical parameters such as the temperature and the dependent variable of the pipeline 200 can be checked in real time through the data acquisition system 130.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the data acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the data acquisition system 130 stores an early warning value determined by a relationship between a material property reserve coefficient θ of the pipeline 200 and a physical parameter of the pipeline 200, calculates the physical parameter of the pipeline 200 according to a sensing result of the sensor, compares the physical parameter of the pipeline 200 with the early warning value, and if the physical parameter of the pipeline 200 reaches or exceeds the early warning value, the data acquisition system 130 sends an alarm signal. An alarm signal may be sent to the test stand 110, and the test stand 110 may terminate the test based on the alarm signal. It is understood that the alarm signal may also be a sound signal, a light signal, etc. to alert the test person. Thus, in the process of testing and sensing the pipeline 200, the pipeline 200 can be limited in a safe and controllable range by the pipeline fireproof capacity testing device 100, the test result can be judged in advance, the test is stopped before the pipeline 200 is damaged, and the test safety is improved.
The material performance reserve coefficient theta is the ratio of the strength of the member material to the stress of the designated part of the member, and is the embodiment of the comprehensive bearing capacity of the member. The material property reserve factor theta can be divided into an ultimate strength reserve factor thetabAnd yield strength reserve factor θ0.2The calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
wherein the ultimate strength σ of the materialbRefers to the maximum allowable stress at which the material will not fracture when in tension; material yield strength sigma0.2Is the pair of materials when reaching 0.2 percent plastic strainStress of response; the stress value of the designated part of the component refers to the maximum value of the dynamic stress of the designated position of the component at the standard environmental temperature. In the embodiment of the present invention shown in fig. 1, the stress value of the designated portion of the component can be obtained by the following method: 1) connecting tubing 200 to test stand 110; 2) establishing a finite element model of the pipeline 200; 3) at standard temperature, the natural frequency of the pipeline 200 is calculated by using finite element analysis software NASTRAN, and meanwhile, the maximum value of the dynamic stress sigma of the pipeline 200 at the designated position in the fire area under the action of the vibration exciter 113 is calculateda”。
The material performance reserve coefficient theta of the invention can select the ultimate strength reserve coefficient theta according to the requirement of the fire-proof capability testbOr yield strength reserve factor theta0.2If it is required that the pipeline 200 cannot be plastically deformed during the fire-protection capability test, the yield strength reserve factor θ must be used0.2。
The apparatus for testing fire-proof capability of piping of the present invention may further include a working medium supply device (not shown) which connects the inlet and the outlet of the piping 200 to allow the working medium to flow into the piping 200 from the inlet and flow out of the piping 200 from the outlet, thereby performing a circulating operation of the working medium.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition system 130 stores an early warning value determined by a relationship between the material performance storage coefficient θ of the pipeline 200 and the temperature of the pipeline 200, and is configured to calculate the temperature of the pipeline 200 according to the sensing result of the temperature test sensor 121, compare the temperature of the pipeline 200 with the early warning value, and send an alarm signal if the temperature of the pipeline 200 reaches or exceeds the early warning value.
The early warning value can be determined in the following mode: before the test is started, establishing a finite element model of the pipeline 200, and carrying out strength analysis to obtain stress values of the designated part of the component at different temperatures; looking up the material performance manual to obtain the material ultimate strength sigma of the material under different temperature conditionsbAnd/or material yield strength σ0.2(ii) a Calculating the material performance reserve coefficient theta at different temperatures by using the (formula 1) and/or the (formula 2), and drawing a graph, wherein the graph is shown in fig. 3; according to experience and/or other rulesDetermining an early warning point A on the curve, and determining a temperature value T corresponding to the early warning point AANamely the temperature early warning value.
Fig. 4 is a schematic layout of temperature test sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 4, the temperature test sensor 121 may have a plurality of sensors 121a to 121 g. The sensor 121a is disposed at a position other than the surface of the pipe 200 in the ignition region for sensing the flame temperature at the position. Although only one sensor 121a is provided for sensing the flame temperature in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, it is understood that a plurality of sensors for sensing the flame temperature may be provided by those skilled in the art as required by actual experiments. Preferably, the sensor 121a for sensing the flame temperature is at the same height in the flame as the pipe 200. The sensors 121b to 121g are disposed on the surface of the pipeline 200 outside the ignition area for directly sensing the temperature of the pipeline 200 outside the ignition area, and the temperature sensing result should have an increasing trend as the sensing point approaches the ignition area. It will also be appreciated that the temperature test sensor disposed on the surface of the conduit 200 outside of the fire zone may be one, rather than a plurality as shown in fig. 4. When the pipeline 200 is a pipeline having a plurality of branches, not less than 1 point is provided on each branch. The temperature test sensors 121b to 121g may be attached to the surface of the pipe 200 by means of adhesion or welding. To ensure the accuracy of temperature sensing, the temperature test sensors 121a to 121g may be disposed at positions as shown in fig. 4. However, it should be understood that the positions of the temperature testing sensors 121a to 121g shown in fig. 4 are only one preferred arrangement of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the pipeline temperature testing and calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, 4 and 5, the data acquisition system 130 receives the sensing result of the sensor 121a disposed at a position other than the surface of the pipe 200 in the ignition region, so as to calculate the temperature of the pipe 200 in the ignition region. The data acquisition system 130 may also receive the sensing results of the sensors 121 b-121 g disposed on the surface of the pipeline 200 outside the fire zone. Thus, the data acquisition system 130 can obtain the temperature value of the outer pipeline 200 in the ignition region.
FIG. 6 is a pipeline thermal analysis micro-element model according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the method for calculating the temperature field of the working medium in the pipe 200 and the pipe 200 using the principle of heat transfer is as follows:
the infinitesimal section is selected as any infinitesimal section of the pipeline 200, the radius of the inner wall surface of the pipe is Rin, the outer diameter of the pipe is Rout, the wall thickness is Rout-Rin, the pipe is filled with compact working media and is in axial one-way flow. Among them, the working medium is preferably oil.
1) Using micro-element section conduit as analysis object
The control program (Poisson equation) of the constant-temperature, steady-state, three-dimensional temperature field with internal heat source problem is
Where T is the temperature of the pipe 200 at the infinitesimal section, Φ is the heat flow of the infinitesimal section, i.e. the heat passing through a given area in a unit time, λ is the thermal conductivity of the pipe 200 at the infinitesimal section, x is the coordinate along the axial direction of the pipe 200, and y and z are two coordinates of the pipe 200 in the radial direction.
Because the internal flow of the pipeline 200 is axial one-way flow, there are
(formula 3) can be simplified to
When the conduit 200 and the working medium reach a thermal equilibrium state, the differential equation of the micro-element section conduit is as follows:
wherein, PoutFor the conduit 200 in dx infinitesimal sectionOuter diameter circumference of (P)inIs the inner diameter perimeter, h, of the conduit 200 at dx microsecondoutIs the convective heat transfer coefficient, h, between the dx infinitesimal section and the air of the pipeline 200inIs the heat convection coefficient, T, of the pipeline 200 in the dx infinitesimal section and the working medium in the pipeline 200airThe ambient air temperature of the conduit 200 at the dx microsecond is determined by the flame temperature, TmediumIs the temperature of the working medium in the line 200, AcThe circular cross-sectional area of the conduit 200 at the dx infinitesimal section.
2) Using micro-element section working medium as analysis object
According to
cmedium·mmediumΔ T ═ Q (formula 7)
ρmedium·Amedium·dx＝mmedium(formula 8)
Pin·dx＝Ac(formula 9)
To obtain
The simplified differential equation of the working medium of the infinitesimal section is as follows:
wherein, cmediumIs the specific heat capacity of the working medium, and Delta T is the temperature difference, rhomediumDensity of working medium, AmediumV is the cross-sectional area of the working medium in the conduit 200 and v is the flow rate of the working medium.
According to the boundary conditions given by the actual conditions of the test working conditions, the temperature values of the pipeline 200 and the working medium in the pipeline 200 in the ignition area can be calculated through the above (formula 6) and (formula 12). It will be appreciated that this can be by way of sensors or the likeBy measuring the temperature T of the working mediummediumFor example, the temperature T of the working medium is obtained by sensing results of the inlet temperature sensor 125 and the outlet temperature sensor 128mediumThen, the temperature values at various points of the pipeline 200 in the ignition region can be calculated only by the formula 6.
The data acquisition system 130 can calculate the temperature value of the pipeline 200 in the fire area and/or the temperature value and the early warning value T of the pipeline 200 outside the fire areaAComparing, if the temperature value of the pipeline 200 in the fire area and/or the temperature value of the pipeline 200 outside the fire area reaches or exceeds the early warning value TAThe data acquisition system 130 issues an alarm signal.
Because the temperature value of the pipeline 200 in the ignition area and the temperature value of the pipeline 200 outside the ignition area can be independently compared with the early warning value TAIn comparison, it can be understood that the pipeline fireproof capability test device of the present invention may only have the sensor 121a disposed at a position within the ignition region other than the surface of the pipeline 200 for sensing the flame temperature at the position, or the sensors 121b to 121g disposed at the surface of the pipeline 200 outside the ignition region for directly sensing the temperature of the pipeline 200 outside the ignition region.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition system 130 stores an early warning value determined by a relationship between a material performance reserve coefficient θ of the pipeline 200 and a dependent variable of the pipeline 200, and is configured to calculate the dependent variable of the pipeline 200 according to a sensing result of the strain test sensor 122, compare the dependent variable of the pipeline 200 with the early warning value, and send an alarm signal if the dependent variable of the pipeline 200 reaches or exceeds the early warning value.
The early warning value can be determined in the following mode: before the test is started, establishing a finite element model of the pipeline 200, and carrying out strength analysis to obtain stress values of the designated parts of the components under different dependent variables; looking up the material performance manual to obtain the material ultimate strength sigma of the material under different strain quantitiesbAnd/or material yield strength σ0.2(ii) a Calculating a material performance reserve coefficient theta under different dependent variables by using the (formula 1) and/or the (formula 2), and drawing a curve graph; determining a pre-warning point on the curve based on experience and/or other regulationsAnd the strain amount corresponding to the point is the strain early warning value.
FIG. 7 is a schematic layout of a strain gage sensor, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 7, the strain gage sensor 122 may have a plurality of sensors 122 a-122 g. The strain gage sensor 122a is positioned at a location other than the surface of the pipe 200 within the ignition region, and the strain gage sensors 122b, 122c are positioned at the surface of the pipe 200 within the ignition region. The strain gage sensors 122 a-122 c are used to calculate the amount of strain in the pipeline 200 within the area of ignition. Preferably, the strain gauge sensors 122a disposed at a location other than the surface of the pipe 200 within the ignition zone and the strain gauge sensors 122b, 122c disposed at the surface of the pipe 200 within the ignition zone are at the same height in the flame. Although fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment in which two sensors 122b, 122c are provided on the surface of the pipeline 200 in the ignition region, it will be appreciated that one or more than two strain gauge sensors may be provided on the surface of the pipeline 200 in the ignition region as required by actual testing. The strain sensors 122 d-122 g are disposed on the surface of the pipeline 200 outside the fire area for directly sensing the strain amount of the pipeline 200 outside the fire area, and the strain sensing result should have an increasing trend as the sensing point approaches the fire area. It will also be appreciated that the strain test sensors disposed on the surface of the conduit 200 outside of the fire zone may be one, rather than a plurality as shown in FIG. 7. When the pipeline 200 is a pipeline having a plurality of branches, not less than 1 point is provided on each branch. Preferably, the strain gauges 122a to 122c in the ignition region are high temperature strain gauges, and the strain gauges 122d to 122g outside the ignition region are medium temperature strain gauges. The strain gauge sensors 122 b-122 g may be attached to the surface of the pipeline 200 by gluing or welding. Preferably, the strain gage sensors 122 are formed as two strain gage strips that are oriented at 90 degrees to each other. To ensure the accuracy of strain sensing, the strain test sensors 122 a-122 g may be arranged in the positions shown in FIG. 7. It should be understood, however, that the position of the temperature test sensors 122 a-122 g shown in fig. 7 is only one preferred arrangement of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of pipeline strain testing and calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, 7 and 8, the data acquisition system 130 receives the sensing results of the strain test sensor 122a disposed at a position other than the surface of the pipeline 200 in the ignition region and the strain test sensors 122b and 122c disposed at the surface of the pipeline 200 in the ignition region, and calculates the strain amount of the pipeline 200 in the ignition region according to the sensing results. The data acquisition system 130 may also receive the sensing results of the strain test sensors 122 d-122 g disposed on the surface of the pipeline 200 outside the fire zone. Thus, the data acquisition system 130 can obtain the strain amount of the outer pipeline 200 in the ignition region.
The strain amount sensed by the strain test sensor disposed on the surface of the pipeline 200 in the ignition region is σ1The strain amount sensed by the strain test sensor disposed at a position other than the surface of the pipe 200 in the ignition region is σ2Eliminating the influence of the ignition region on the sensing of the strain amount of the pipeline 200, wherein the strain amount of the pipeline 200 in the ignition region is sigma-sigma1－σ2。
The data acquisition system 130 may compare the strain amount of the pipeline 200 in the ignition area and/or the strain amount of the pipeline 200 outside the ignition area with the strain warning value, and if the strain amount of the pipeline 200 in the ignition area and/or the strain amount of the pipeline 200 outside the ignition area reaches or exceeds the strain warning value, the data acquisition system 130 sends an alarm signal.
Although in the above embodiment, the pipeline fireproof capability test device 100 determines whether to send out the alarm signal according to the temperature of the pipeline 200 and the dependent variable of the pipeline 200. However, it can be understood that the pipeline fire protection capability testing apparatus 100 can comprehensively determine whether to send out an alarm signal according to the temperature of the pipeline 200 and the dependent variable of the pipeline 200, for example, when both the temperature and the dependent variable exceed the warning value, the alarm signal is sent out, or when one of the temperature and the dependent variable exceeds the warning value, the alarm signal is sent out.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition system 130 may further determine whether there is a working medium leakage in the pipeline 200 according to changes in the parameters sensed by the inlet pressure sensor 124, the outlet pressure sensor 127, the inlet flow sensor 123 and the branch flow sensor 126.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method for testing fire protection capability of a pipeline according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 9, the method for testing the fireproof capacity of the pipeline comprises the following steps:
s1: burning the pipeline; wherein the extent of the combustion flame forms a fire zone;
s2: sensing at least one physical parameter of a pipeline and/or a non-pipeline in the ignition area and/or outside the ignition area, and outputting a sensing result;
s3: calculating the physical parameters of the pipeline according to the sensing result, comparing the physical parameters of the pipeline with an early warning value, and sending an alarm signal if the physical parameters of the pipeline reach or exceed the early warning value; the early warning value is determined by the relation between the material performance reserve coefficient of the pipeline and the physical parameter.
In one embodiment, the physical parameter is temperature. Wherein, the step S2 may include sensing the temperature of the pipeline outside the fire area. Sensing the flame temperature at a location other than the surface of the pipe within the ignition zone may also be included in step S2. Preferably, the flame temperature is the temperature of the flame at the level of the conduit.
In step S3, the formula may be based on
And calculating the temperature of all parts of the pipeline in the ignition area.
In another embodiment, the physical parameter is a strain. In step S2, sensing the strain of the pipeline outside the ignition area may be included. Sensing the strain in the pipeline in the ignition region may also be included in step S2.
Although the physical parameters of the above two embodiments are temperature and a variable, respectively, it can be understood that the physical parameters of the method for testing the fireproof capacity of the pipeline of the present invention may also include both temperature and a variable.
In an embodiment, the method for testing the fireproof capacity of the pipeline further comprises the steps of sensing the inlet pressure, the outlet pressure, the inlet flow and the branch flow of the pipeline, and judging whether the working medium leaks from the pipeline according to the changes of the inlet pressure, the outlet pressure, the inlet flow and the branch flow of the pipeline.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the present specific embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and various equivalent changes and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and therefore, it is intended that all changes and modifications to the above embodiments within the spirit and scope of the present invention be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A pipeline fire protection capability test apparatus, comprising:
the burner is used for burning the pipeline, and the flame range of the burner forms a fire area;
the temperature test sensors and the strain test sensors are arranged in the ignition area and outside the ignition area and are respectively used for sensing the temperature and the strain quantity of the pipeline and/or the non-pipeline in the ignition area and outside the ignition area and outputting sensing results;
the data acquisition system is used for storing an early warning value determined by the relation between the material performance reserve coefficient of the pipeline and the temperature or the dependent variable, calculating the temperature or the dependent variable of the pipeline according to the sensing result of the sensor, comparing the temperature or the dependent variable of the pipeline with the early warning value, and sending an alarm signal if the temperature or the dependent variable of the pipeline reaches or exceeds the early warning value, wherein the material performance reserve coefficient is used for representing the fireproof capacity of the pipeline;
the one or more temperature test sensors are arranged on the surface of the pipeline outside the ignition area and used for sensing the temperature of the pipeline outside the ignition area, and the one or more temperature test sensors are arranged at the position, not the surface of the pipeline, in the ignition area and used for sensing the flame temperature at the position;
the one or more strain test sensors are arranged on the surface of the pipeline outside the ignition area and used for sensing the strain of the pipeline outside the ignition area, and the one or more strain test sensors are arranged on the surface of the pipeline inside the ignition area and the position, not on the surface of the pipeline, inside the ignition area;
according to the formula
Calculating the temperature of each part of the pipeline in the ignition area;
wherein dx is the length of a infinitesimal section along the axial direction of the pipeline, T is the temperature of the pipeline at the dx infinitesimal section, and PoutThe perimeter of the outer diameter of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section, PinThe perimeter of the inner diameter of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section, houtIs the convective heat transfer coefficient h of the pipeline between the dx infinitesimal section and the airinIs the heat convection coefficient, T, of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section and the working medium in the pipelineairIs the ambient air temperature, T, of the pipeline at the dx microsectionmediumIs the temperature of the working medium in the pipeline, AcThe circular cross-sectional area of the pipeline in the dx micro-element section is shown, and lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the pipeline in the dx micro-element section;
wherein the ambient air temperature TairDetermined by the flame temperature.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the temperature test sensor arranged at the position, not on the surface of the pipeline, in the ignition area is at the same height as the pipeline in the flame.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the strain test sensor arranged on the position, not the pipeline surface, in the ignition area and the strain test sensor arranged on the pipeline surface in the ignition area are positioned at the same height in the flame.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: if the strain quantity sensed by the strain test sensor arranged on the surface of the pipeline in the ignition area is
The strain amount sensed by the strain test sensor arranged at the position, not on the surface of the pipeline, in the ignition area is
The strain of the pipe in the ignition region is
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the pipeline is also provided with an inlet pressure sensor, an outlet pressure sensor, an inlet flow sensor and a branch flow sensor, and the data acquisition system also judges whether working medium leaks in the pipeline according to the changes of parameters sensed by the inlet pressure sensor, the outlet pressure sensor, the inlet flow sensor and the branch flow sensor.
6. A method for testing the fire-proof capability of a pipeline comprises the following steps:
s1: burning the pipeline; wherein the extent of the combustion flame forms a fire zone;
s2: respectively sensing the temperature and the strain quantity of the pipeline and/or the non-pipeline in the ignition area and outside the ignition area, and outputting sensing results;
s3: calculating the temperature and the strain quantity of the pipeline according to the sensing result, comparing the temperature and the strain quantity of the pipeline with an early warning value, and sending an alarm signal if the temperature and the strain quantity of the pipeline reach or exceed the early warning value; the early warning value is determined by the relation between the material performance reserve coefficient of the pipeline and the temperature and the dependent variable, and the material performance reserve coefficient is used for representing the fireproof capacity of the pipeline;
in step S2, at least the temperature of the pipe outside the fire area is sensed, and at least the flame temperature at a position inside the fire area other than the surface of the pipe is sensed;
sensing at least the strain of the pipeline outside the ignition region and at least the strain of the pipeline inside the ignition region in step S2;
according to the formula
Calculating the temperature of each part of the pipeline in the ignition area;
wherein dx is the length of a infinitesimal section along the axial direction of the pipeline, T is the temperature of the pipeline at the dx infinitesimal section, and PoutThe perimeter of the outer diameter of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section, PinThe perimeter of the inner diameter of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section, houtIs the convective heat transfer coefficient h of the pipeline between the dx infinitesimal section and the airinIs the heat convection coefficient, T, of the pipeline in the dx infinitesimal section and the working medium in the pipelineairIs the ambient air temperature, T, of the pipeline at the dx microsectionmediumIs the temperature of the working medium in the pipeline, AcThe circular cross-sectional area of the pipeline in the dx micro-element section is shown, and lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the pipeline in the dx micro-element section;
wherein the ambient air temperature TairDetermined by the flame temperature.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the flame temperature is the temperature of the flame at the level of the pipe.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein: further comprising:
s4: and sensing the inlet pressure, the outlet pressure, the inlet flow and the branch flow of the pipeline, and judging whether working medium leaks in the pipeline according to the changes of the inlet pressure, the outlet pressure, the inlet flow and the branch flow of the pipeline.
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| CN109115831A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-01-01 | 林鑫杭 | A kind of fire-proof sealing material fire resistance experimental rig |
| CN109211973B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-11-27 | 嘉兴管通机电科技有限公司 | Exhaust pipe heat resistance testing device for automobile materials |
| CN109580869A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-05 | 中国航空综合技术研究所 | The fire protecting performance test method and its test device of civil aircraft component and its attachment |
| CN112782339A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for testing combustion performance of rubber hose for conveying liquefied petroleum gas |
| CN111238820A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-05 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | Lubricating oil pump fire-proof test equipment |
| CN112557441B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-04-15 | 西南石油大学 | Experimental platform and method for influence of gas pipeline fire injection on safety of adjacent liquid hydrocarbon pipes |
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