CN108240963B - Method for measuring friction coefficient by using thermal simulator - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for measuring friction coefficient by using thermal simulator includes such steps as precisely compressing a specific compressed sample by thermal simulator under the lubricating condition of the lubricating material to be measured, measuring the diameter of the middle part of compressed sample, comparing the diameter of middle part with the friction coefficient-diameter curve obtained by theoretical calculation to obtain the friction coefficient of said lubricating material, measuring the friction coefficient of lubricating material at high temp, especially changing the shape of lubricating material at high temp, using the reference curve obtained by theoretical calculation to eliminate the interference of other factors, high measuring precision, and setting up the reference curve again under different deformation rates, deformation temp, deformation and deformation, errors caused by experimental conditions and external environment changes are avoided, and the measurement precision is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measuring method, in particular to a method for measuring high-temperature friction coefficients of solid and liquid lubricants by using a thermal simulation experiment machine.
Background
Currently, in the field of steel manufacturing, there is often a need to accurately measure the friction coefficients of solid and liquid lubricants, and there are various methods for measuring the friction coefficients of solid and liquid lubricants in the prior art, such as: the four-ball method and the ring upsetting method have some limitations, which are as follows:
1. the four-ball method is a friction coefficient measuring method provided according to the standard of "lubricating oil friction coefficient measurement method" (four-ball method) in the petrochemical industry of China (established on the basis of ASTM D5183). As the name suggests, the four-ball method is used for carrying out a friction experiment by adding lubricating liquid among four balls, and then measuring the wear marks to calculate the friction coefficient.
The four-ball method described above has two problems: firstly, the friction coefficient can only be measured under the temperature condition of below 75 ℃, and thus, the friction coefficient cannot be measured for the glass powder, namely the lubricant which can be lubricated only in a molten state; secondly, the equipment used for measuring the friction coefficient by the four-ball method belongs to special expensive equipment, and the using process is complex.
2. The ring upsetting method is a method for measuring the friction coefficient provided in appendix B according to the technical conditions for protecting lubricants for metal thermal deformation of the mechanical industry standard of China, and is characterized in that a ring sample meeting the requirements of certain shape and size is compressed by using a press machine under the lubricating condition, then the size of a ring formed after compression is measured, and the corresponding friction coefficient is found out by contrasting a theoretical correction curve.
The above-described ring upsetting method also has two problems: firstly, the method can only carry out normal-temperature friction coefficient, secondly, the method does not consider the influence of deformation behavior and the material of the circular ring sample on the size, and all the deformation behavior and the circular ring sample are measured by only one theoretical correction curve, so that the accuracy of the measurement of the circular ring upsetting method has problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In summary, in order to solve the problems that the measurement temperature can only be below 75 ℃ or normal temperature, the measurement range is small and the measurement accuracy is poor when the friction coefficients of solid and liquid lubricants are accurately measured in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring the friction coefficients by using a thermal simulation machine.
The invention relates to a method for measuring a friction coefficient by using a thermal simulator, which comprises the following specific steps:
a method for measuring friction coefficient by using a thermal simulator comprises the following specific steps:
1) selecting a compressed sample:
the selection of the compressed sample in this step must satisfy the following conditions:
1a) the deformation behavior of the sample material must be stable, and the repeatability is high;
1b) the sample material has good plasticity at the measuring temperature of the friction coefficient of the lubricant;
1c) the diameter size of the end part and the middle part of the sample material after deformation has larger change along with the difference of friction coefficients;
2) selection and determination of deformation conditions:
the deformation temperature, deformation amount and deformation rate of the sample are selected and set, and all compression test parameters must be consistent with the selected test parameters in the friction coefficient measurement experiment.
3) Calculating a reference curve of the corresponding relation between the theoretical friction coefficient and the diameter of the middle part:
confirming the compressed sample selected in the step 1) and the deformation condition selected in the step 2) and confirming the confirmed experimental parameter conditions, establishing a numerical simulation model by using numerical simulation software, and calculating different theoretical friction coefficients mutDiameter a of middle part of sample after deformation under conditiontEstablishing mutAnd atA reference curve of one-to-one correspondence of (1), mutSelecting 0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7, atThen it is corresponding to mutThe diameter size of the middle part of the sample;
4) performing a thermal simulation compression experiment and measuring the dimensions of the deformed sample:
adding a lubricating material to be tested, and under the lubricating condition, adopting the compression sample selected in the step 1) and the deformation condition selected in the step 2) and under the experimental parameter condition confirmed in the determination, performing a compression deformation experiment by using a thermal simulation experiment machine to measure the value of the diameter size A of the middle part of the sample subjected to compression deformation after the lubricating material to be tested is added;
5) calculating the friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be tested:
comparing the value of the diameter A of the middle part of the sample which is obtained in the step 4) and is added with the lubricating material to be tested and then is subjected to compression deformation with the value of the diameter A of the middle part of the sample obtained in the step 3)tAnd atThe friction coefficient mu of the lubricating material to be tested is positioned at the theoretical friction coefficient mutCorresponding to mutThe diameter of the middle part of the sample atThe two closest of the values of (A) are the same as (a)tAnd at-1The value corresponds to the theoretical coefficient of friction mutAnd mut-1The friction coefficient mu of the lubricating material to be measured can be calculated by adopting the following linear interpolation mode:
in the formula: mu-friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be measured;
a-the middle diameter size of the sample after compression deformation after adding the lubricating material to be tested, unit: mm;
μt-a theoretical coefficient of friction;
at-corresponds to μtThe diameter size of the middle part of the sample, unit: mm.
The method for measuring the friction coefficient by using the thermal simulator is characterized in that the theoretical friction coefficient in the step 3) is calculated by a reference curve corresponding to the diameter of the middle part, and the friction coefficient mu can be expanded to a larger range and smaller intervals according to the test requirement.
According to the present invention, a method for measuring a friction coefficient using a thermal simulator is characterized in that the thermal simulator in step 4) is a thermal simulator for compression test, which examines deformation behavior of a material by inducing or resistance heating to a predetermined temperature and performing deformation such as stretching, compression, and torsion.
The invention discloses a method for measuring a friction coefficient by using a thermal simulator, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
according to research, the diameter size of the middle part of the compressed sample after deformation is different under the condition of different friction coefficients, and the diameter size of the middle part of the compressed sample after deformation gradually increases along with the increase of the friction coefficients. Therefore, under the selected compression sample and experimental conditions, a series of corresponding relations (reference curves) of the friction coefficients and the diameter size of the compressed middle part of the sample can be obtained through theoretical calculation. If the lubricating material to be tested is used for lubricating, and the thermal simulation experiment is carried out by adopting the same compression sample and experiment conditions, the size of the diameter of the middle part of the compressed sample under the friction coefficient condition corresponding to the lubricating material can be obtained, and the friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be tested can be obtained by comparing the value with a reference curve.
The method for measuring the friction coefficient by using the thermal simulator uses the principle, uses a certain compression sample, measures the diameter size of the middle part of the compression sample after deformation under the lubrication of the lubricating material (lubricant) to be measured, and compares the ratio with the corresponding relation (reference curve) of the theoretical friction coefficient and the diameter size of the middle part, thereby obtaining the friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be measured.
The method for measuring the friction coefficient by using the thermal simulator has the following beneficial effects that:
1. the method for measuring the friction coefficient by using the thermal simulator can realize the measurement of the friction coefficient of the lubricating material under the high-temperature condition of the material, particularly under the condition that the lubricating material changes the form at the high temperature;
2. according to the method for measuring the friction coefficient by using the thermal simulator, the reference curve obtained by theoretical calculation is used in the measuring process, the interference of other factors is eliminated, and the measuring precision is improved;
3. the method for measuring the friction coefficient by using the thermal simulator strictly sets the deformation rate, the deformation temperature and the deformation amount, avoids unnecessary errors caused by any selection of the conditions, and needs to perform theoretical calculation again to obtain a corresponding reference curve when different deformation rates, deformation temperatures and deformation amounts and different deformation materials are used, avoids errors caused by changes of experimental conditions and external environments, and further improves the measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the diameter of the middle of a compressed sample obtained by a thermal simulator according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between different friction coefficients and the ratio of the middle diameter under a certain deformation condition and a compressed sample condition in the method for measuring the friction coefficient by using the thermal simulator of the invention.
Detailed Description
The method for measuring the friction coefficient by using the thermal simulator of the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a method for measuring a friction coefficient by using a thermal simulator includes the following steps:
1. a method for measuring friction coefficient by using a thermal simulator comprises the following specific steps:
1) selecting a compressed sample:
the selection of the compressed sample in this step must satisfy the following conditions:
1a) the deformation behavior of the sample material must be stable, and the repeatability is high;
1b) the sample material has good plasticity at the measuring temperature of the friction coefficient of the lubricant;
1c) the diameter size of the end part and the middle part of the sample material after deformation has larger change along with the difference of friction coefficients;
2) selection and determination of deformation conditions:
the deformation temperature, deformation amount and deformation rate of the sample are selected and set, and all compression test parameters must be consistent with the selected test parameters in the friction coefficient measurement experiment.
3) Calculating a reference curve of the corresponding relation between the theoretical friction coefficient and the diameter of the middle part:
confirmation of compressed sample selected in step 1) and selection and determination of deformation conditions in step 2)After the confirmed experimental parameter conditions are met, establishing a numerical simulation model by using numerical simulation software, and calculating different theoretical friction coefficients mutDiameter a of middle part of sample after deformation under conditiontEstablishing mutAnd atA reference curve of one-to-one correspondence of (1), mutSelecting 0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7, atThen it is corresponding to mutThe diameter size of the middle part of the sample;
4) performing a thermal simulation compression experiment and measuring the dimensions of the deformed sample:
adding a lubricating material to be tested, and under the lubricating condition, adopting the compression sample selected in the step 1) and the deformation condition selected in the step 2) and under the experimental parameter condition confirmed in the determination, performing a compression deformation experiment by using a thermal simulation experiment machine to measure the value of the diameter size A of the middle part of the sample subjected to compression deformation after the lubricating material to be tested is added;
5) calculating the friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be tested:
comparing the value of the diameter A of the middle part of the sample which is obtained in the step 4) and is added with the lubricating material to be tested and then is subjected to compression deformation with the value of the diameter A of the middle part of the sample obtained in the step 3)tAnd atThe friction coefficient mu of the lubricating material to be tested is positioned at the theoretical friction coefficient mutCorresponding to mutThe diameter of the middle part of the sample atThe two closest of the values of (A) are the same as (a)tAnd at-1The value corresponds to the theoretical coefficient of friction mutAnd mut-1The friction coefficient mu of the lubricating material to be measured can be calculated by adopting the following linear interpolation mode:
in the formula: mu-friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be measured;
a-the middle diameter size of the sample after compression deformation after adding the lubricating material to be tested, unit: mm;
μt-a theoretical coefficient of friction;
at-corresponds to mutThe diameter size of the middle part of the sample, unit: mm.
Calculating a reference curve of the corresponding relation between the theoretical friction coefficient and the middle diameter in the step 3), wherein the friction coefficient mu can be expanded to a larger range and a smaller interval according to the test requirement.
And 4), the thermal simulation experiment machine in the step 4) is a thermal simulation experiment machine for a compression experiment, and the thermal simulation experiment machine enables the material to reach a preset temperature through induction or resistance heating, and conducts deformation such as stretching, compression, torsion and the like so as to examine the deformation behavior of the material.
Examples
1) Selecting a compressed sample:
JIS-SUJ 2 was selected, and the sample size was Φ 8 × 12 mm.
2) Selection and determination of deformation conditions:
deformation temperature: 1000 ℃;
strain rate: 0.1/s;
true strain capacity: 0.5.
3) calculating a reference curve of the corresponding relation between the theoretical friction coefficient and the diameter of the middle part:
using numerical simulation software, calculating theoretical friction coefficients of 0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,
The corresponding middle diameter dimensions at 0.7 are given in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 median diameter dimensions of the patterns corresponding to theoretical coefficients of friction
4) Performing a thermal simulation compression experiment and measuring the dimensions of the deformed sample:
adding a lubricating material to be tested, and under the lubricating condition, adopting the compression sample selected in the step 1) and the deformation condition selected in the step 2) and under the experimental parameter condition confirmed in the determination, performing a compression deformation experiment by using a thermal simulation experiment machine, and measuring that the diameter size of the middle part of the sample subjected to compression deformation after the lubricating material to be tested is added is 10.51 mm.
5) Calculating the friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be tested:
10.51mm lies between 10.49mm for the theoretical coefficient of friction 0.2 and 10.55mm for 0.3 in Table 1, thus substituting the formula:
the friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be tested is as follows:
finally, the friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be tested is 0.23.
The method for measuring the friction coefficient by using the thermal simulator can realize the measurement of the friction coefficient of the lubricating material under the high-temperature condition of the material, particularly under the condition that the lubricating material changes the form at the high temperature; the method uses the reference curve obtained by theoretical calculation in the measurement process, eliminates the interference of other factors, and improves the measurement precision; the invention strictly sets the deformation rate, the deformation temperature and the deformation amount, avoids unnecessary errors caused by any selection of the conditions, and needs to perform theoretical calculation again to obtain a corresponding reference curve when different deformation rates, deformation temperatures and deformation amounts and different deformation materials are used, thereby avoiding errors caused by experimental conditions and external environment changes and further improving the measurement precision.
The invention discloses a method for measuring a friction coefficient by using a thermal simulator, which is suitable for the field of measuring the friction coefficient by using various thermal simulators.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring friction coefficient by using a thermal simulator comprises the following specific steps:
1) selecting a compressed sample:
the selection of the compressed sample in this step must satisfy the following conditions:
1a) the deformation behavior of the sample material must be stable, and the repeatability is high;
1b) the sample material has good plasticity at the measuring temperature of the friction coefficient of the lubricant;
1c) the diameter size of the end part and the middle part of the sample material after deformation is greatly changed along with the difference of friction coefficients;
2) selection and determination of deformation conditions:
selecting and setting the deformation temperature, deformation amount and deformation rate of the sample, wherein in the step, all compression test parameters are required to be consistent with the selected test parameters in the friction coefficient measurement experiment;
3) calculating a reference curve of the corresponding relation between the theoretical friction coefficient and the diameter of the middle part:
confirming the compressed sample selected in the step 1) and the deformation condition selected in the step 2) and confirming the confirmed experimental parameter conditions, establishing a numerical simulation model by using numerical simulation software, and calculating different theoretical friction coefficients mutDiameter a of middle part of sample after deformation under conditiontEstablishing mutAnd atA reference curve of one-to-one correspondence of (1), mutSelecting 0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7, atThen it is corresponding to mutThe diameter size of the middle part of the sample;
4) performing a thermal simulation compression experiment and measuring the dimensions of the deformed sample:
adding a lubricating material to be tested, and under the lubricating condition, adopting the compression sample selected in the step 1) and the deformation condition selected in the step 2) and under the experimental parameter condition confirmed in the determination, performing a compression deformation experiment by using a thermal simulation experiment machine to measure the value of the diameter size A of the middle part of the sample subjected to compression deformation after the lubricating material to be tested is added;
5) calculating the friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be tested:
comparing the value of the diameter A of the middle part of the sample which is obtained in the step 4) and is added with the lubricating material to be tested and then is subjected to compression deformation with the value of the diameter A of the middle part of the sample obtained in the step 3)tAnd atThe reference curves of the one-to-one correspondence relation are comparedThe friction coefficient mu of the lubricating material to be measured is located at the theoretical friction coefficient mutCorresponding to mutThe diameter of the middle part of the sample atThe two closest of the values of (A) are the same as (a)tAnd at-1The value corresponds to the theoretical coefficient of friction mutAnd mut-1The friction coefficient mu of the lubricating material to be measured can be calculated by adopting the following linear interpolation mode:
in the formula: mu-friction coefficient of the lubricating material to be measured;
a-the middle diameter size of the sample after compression deformation after adding the lubricating material to be tested, unit: mm;
μt-a theoretical coefficient of friction;
at-corresponds to mutThe diameter size of the middle part of the sample, unit: mm.
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| CN108663314A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-10-16 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of ball screw assembly, friction coefficient testing method |
| CN110346542A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-10-18 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | A kind of pull-shaped lubricants performance test appraisal procedure of aluminum alloy outer cover |
| CN111229841A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-06-05 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for testing friction coefficient in high-temperature rolling process |
| CN111638151B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-02-22 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Test method for detecting abrasion resistance of friction pair |
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