CN108237683A - 一种生物基降解高透明农用大棚膜的机理与制备方法 - Google Patents
一种生物基降解高透明农用大棚膜的机理与制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明为一种生物基降解高透明农用大棚膜的机理与制备方法,所述箱体内竖直安装有网板,所述网板与箱体一侧之间安装有风扇,所述箱体内放置有盛料箱,所述盛料箱中间安装有隔板,所述隔板将盛料箱分为原料区与杂质区,所述原料区侧壁安装有斜面体,所述杂质区内放置有杂质盒,所述杂质盒内安装有拉环,所述箱体上设有进料口,所述进料口上安装有进料斗,所述进料斗侧面安装有条形插孔,所述条形插孔内安装有插板,所述插板上设有定位孔,所述定位槽与其中一个定位孔对应,且二者内安装有定位销。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于降解膜技术领域,尤其涉及一种生物基降解高透明农用大棚膜的机理与制备方法。
背景技术
随着经济的飞速发展,人们对环境的破坏日益严重,尤其是不可降解的塑料,被人们随意乱丢后,由于不易被土壤微生物降解,长期留存在土壤内,给生态环境造成了严重的污染。一次性餐具、一次性塑料制品以及农用地膜等均难以再回收利用,传统的处理方法以焚烧和掩埋为主。焚烧会产生大量的有害气体,污染环境;掩埋则其中的聚合物短时间内不能被微生物分解,也污染环境。残弃的塑料膜存在于土壤中,阻碍农作物根系的发育和对水分、养分的吸收,使土壤透气性降低,导致农作物减产;动作食用残弃的塑料膜后,会造成肠梗阻而死亡;流失到海洋中或废弃在海洋中的合成纤维渔网和钓线已对海洋生物造成了相当的危害,因此提倡绿色消费与加强环境保护势在必行。
为了减少白色污染,保护生态环境,人们开始对可降解的塑料进行研究,研究的第一代降解塑料为可降解塑料,这种可降解塑料在原有原料的基础上添加了一小部分的可降解母料或淀粉基原料,其大部分是不能进行降解的,也不利于塑料的回收与再造;研究的第二代降解塑料为完全生物降解塑料,利用微生物合成材料、天然高分子材料和合成高分子材料等技术进行制造。
目前,制造生物降解塑料的方法主要为首先通过高速混合机搅拌,然后通过造粒机进行造粒,最后经吹膜机吹膜成型,随着社会的发展,农用大棚膜的使用越来越频繁,其生产量也越来越大。
发明内容
本发明提供一种生物基降解高透明农用大棚膜的机理与制备方法,其特征在于:
包括原料、吹风箱、高速混合机、造粒机、吹膜机,所述风吹箱与高速混合机连接,所述高速混合机与造粒机连接,所述造粒机与吹膜机连接;
所述吹风箱包括箱体,所述箱体一侧设有通风孔,所述箱体内竖直安装有网板,所述所述网板与箱体一侧之间安装有风扇,所述箱体另一侧开设有敞口,所述箱体内放置有盛料箱,所述盛料箱中间安装有隔板,所述隔板将盛料箱分为原料区与杂质区,所述原料区侧壁安装有斜面体,所述杂质区内放置有杂质盒,所述杂质盒内安装有拉环,所述箱体上设有进料口,所述进料口上安装有进料斗,所述进料斗侧面安装有条形插孔,所述条形插孔内安装有插板,所述插板一部分位于进料口上方,所述插板另一部分位于箱体上面,所述插板上设有定位孔,所述定位孔有N个,N>1,所述箱体上设有定位槽,所述定位槽与其中一个定位孔对应,且二者内安装有定位销。
所述风扇通过支撑杆安装在箱体内。
所述原料包括淀粉、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯,石蜡、微晶蜡、油酸、松焦油、碳酸钙、活性碳酸钙。
本发明的有益效果为:
1 本技术方案增加了吹风箱,风扇的吹动可以使原料与原料中掺杂的性能差、质量轻的杂质进行分离,使得后期吹膜机加工得到的薄膜质量更好。
2 插板挡在进料口的上方,通过调整插板的水平位置,可以改变进料口可通原料的多少,因此可以任意调节进料速度。
3 通过设置斜面体可以避免原料在原料区内堆成山堆状,增大了原料区空间的利用率。
4 通过设置杂质盒,可以拉动拉环将杂质盒取出,对杂质单独处理,原料箱内的原料则可以倒进高速混合机内。
附图说明
图1为本发明流程示意图;
图2为本发明吹风箱剖视图;
图3为本发明进料斗侧面示意图;
图中:吹风箱-1、箱体-1-1、网板-1-2、风扇-1-3、敞口-1-4、盛料箱-1-5、隔板-1-6、
原料区-1-7、杂质区-1-8、斜面体-1-9、杂质盒-1-10、拉环-1-11、进料口-1-12、进料斗-1-13、
条形插孔-1-14、插板-1-15、定位孔-1-16、定位槽-1-17、定位销-1-18、高速混合机-2、
造粒机-3、吹膜机-4。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种生物基降解高透明农用大棚膜的机理与制备方法,包括原料、吹风箱、高速混合机、造粒机、吹膜机,风吹箱与高速混合机2连接,高速混合机与造粒机3连接,造粒机与吹膜机4连接;
原料包括淀粉、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯,石蜡、微晶蜡、油酸、松焦油、碳酸钙、活性碳酸钙;
吹风箱1包括箱体1-1,箱体一侧设有通风孔,网板1-2竖直安装在箱体内,风扇1-3安装在网板与箱体一侧之间,箱体另一侧开设有敞口1-4,盛料箱1-5放置在箱体内,隔板1-6安装在盛料箱中间,隔板将盛料箱分为原料区1-7与杂质区1-8,原料区侧壁安装有斜面体1-9,杂质区内放置有杂质盒1-10,杂质盒内安装有拉环1-11,箱体上设有进料口1-12,进料斗1-13安装在进料口上方,进料斗侧面安装有条形插孔1-14,插板1-15安装在条形插孔内,插板一部分位于进料口上方,插板另一部分位于箱体上面,插板1-15上设有定位孔1-16,定位孔有N个,N>1,箱体上设有定位槽1-17,定位槽与其中一个定位孔对应,定位销1-18安装在定位槽与定位孔内。
实施例2
制备时,先将原料放进吹风箱1对原料进行去杂质,根据所需的进料速度,移动插板1-15的水平位置,改变插板对进料口的遮挡面积,然后将定位销1-18插在相应的定位孔1-16与定位槽1-17内,对插板进行定位,向进料斗1-12内倒入原料,风扇1-3将原料中混杂的杂质吹偏,吹到杂质盒1-10内,原料则落在原料区,斜面体1-9可以避免原料在原料区内堆成山堆状,增大了原料区空间的利用率,工作完成后,将箱体从敞口1-4处拉出,拉动拉环1-11将杂质盒1-10取出,对杂质单独处理,原料箱内的原料则可以倒进高速混合机2内,原料从高速混合机混合后进入造粒机3造粒,再进入吹膜机4吹成膜。
实施原理:
生物基可控全降解塑料根据原材料分,可以分为淀粉类,聚酯类和其他类,本技术方案为淀粉类,淀粉是来源丰富、价格便宜的天然高分子材料,天然淀粉是以内部有结晶结构的小颗粒状态存在的,其分子结构有直链和支链两种。对于不同的植物品种,其淀粉颗粒的形态,大小,以及直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量的比例都各不相同。淀粉颗粒的粒径大都在15~100µm。直链淀粉的葡萄糖以α-D-1,4糖苷键结合的链状化合物,相对分子质量为(20~200)x104。支链淀粉中各葡萄糖单元的连接方式除α-D-1,4糖苷键外,还存在α-D-1,6糖苷键,相对分子质量为(100~400)x106。淀粉的性质与淀粉的相对分子质量、支链长度,以及直链淀粉和支链淀粉的比例有关。高直链含量的淀粉更适合于制备塑料,所得制品具有较好的机械性能。
天然淀粉分子间存在氢键,溶解性很差,亲水但并不易溶于水,它具有强极性的结晶性质。由于天然淀粉的高分子间存在强氢键作用,难以直接加工成型。为改善其加工工艺性能,一般是通过打开淀粉链间的氢键,使淀粉失去结晶的方法实现。其操作方法有两种,一种是加热含水量大于90%的淀粉溶液,淀粉颗粒在60~70oC间开始溶胀,在温度达到90oC以后淀粉颗粒开始崩裂,高分子链间氢键被打开,产生凝胶化;另一种是在密闭状态下加热,塑炼挤出含水量小于28%的淀粉。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围,凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种生物基降解高透明农用大棚膜的机理与制备方法,其特征在于:
包括原料、吹风箱、高速混合机、造粒机、吹膜机,所述风吹箱与高速混合机连接,所述高速混合机与造粒机连接,所述造粒机与吹膜机连接;
所述吹风箱包括箱体,所述箱体一侧设有通风孔,所述箱体内竖直安装有网板,所述所述网板与箱体一侧之间安装有风扇,所述箱体另一侧开设有敞口,所述箱体内放置有盛料箱,所述盛料箱中间安装有隔板,所述隔板将盛料箱分为原料区与杂质区,所述原料区侧壁安装有斜面体,所述杂质区内放置有杂质盒,所述杂质盒内安装有拉环,所述箱体上设有进料口,所述进料口上安装有进料斗,所述进料斗侧面安装有条形插孔,所述条形插孔内安装有插板,所述插板一部分位于进料口上方,所述插板另一部分位于箱体上面,所述插板上设有定位孔,所述定位孔有N个,N>1,所述箱体上设有定位槽,所述定位槽与其中一个定位孔对应,且二者内安装有定位销。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物基降解高透明农用大棚膜的机理与制备方法,其特征在于:所述风扇通过支撑杆安装在箱体内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物基降解高透明农用大棚膜的机理与制备方法,其特征在于:所述原料包括淀粉、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯,石蜡、微晶蜡、油酸、松焦油、碳酸钙、活性碳酸钙。
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