CN108235901A - 一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法,属于种植领域,具体包括如下步骤:(1)种子选取、(2)浸种液制备、(3)种子处理、(4)催芽播种。本发明能很好的改善种子特性,增强种子的活力,可提高后期幼苗根系的活力,改善其吸收特性,最终育得的小麦植株对于锌、铬、汞、铅和镍重金属的吸收性能得到很好改善,植株的抗逆性得到提升,小麦产量也得到提高,此外,本方法处理简单,便于实施,可操作性强,有很好的推广使用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于种植领域,具体涉及一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法。
背景技术
小麦是小麦系植物的统称,是单子叶植物,是一种在世界各地广泛种植的禾本科植物,小麦的颖果是人类的主食之一,磨成面粉后可制作面包、馒头、饼干、面条等食物;发酵后可制成啤酒、酒精、白酒(如伏特加),或生质燃料。小麦富含淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质、钙、铁、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、维生素A及维生素C等。
植物的种植生长多数离不开土壤,小麦亦不例外,现主要的种植方式仍是土壤种植。随着社会的发展和人们环保意识的淡薄,很多种植土壤因工厂污水处理的不完善、人们行为的不环保(如乱丢废旧电池)等原因,致使其受到严重污染,以重金属污染最为常见,最终产出的作物会富集对应的重金属元素,进而带入到人体内,给人们造成严重的危害。虽然人们积极的寻求各种方法以改善作物的性能,来应对被重金属污染土壤的影响,但真正有效的方法却少之又少。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)种子选取:
选择颗粒饱满、无病虫害的成熟优质小麦种子,筛除洗净杂质后备用;
(2)浸种液制备:
按重量份称取对应物质制成浸种液备用;所述浸种液由如下重量份的物质组成:4~5%植物提取液、1.5~2.5%尿素、0.5~1%聚维酮碘、0.3~0.8%复合维生素、0.5~1%复合氨基酸、0.2~0.6%有机硅表面活性剂、0.4~0.6%硫酸锰、0.5~0.7%硫酸镁、0.3~0.5%氯化钠、0.04~0.1%稀土微肥,余量为水;
(3)种子处理:
将步骤(1)选取的种子放入步骤(2)制得的浸种液中,在浸泡的同时对种子给予磁场处理,共同处理1~1.5h后将种子取出备用;
(4)催芽播种:
将步骤(3)处理后的小麦种子放入恒温恒湿箱内进行催芽,然后将催芽后的植株移植到受污染的土壤中即可。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的植物提取液由如下重量份的物质制成:8~10份香根草、7~10份苦楝叶、4~6份牡丹皮、5~8份辣蓼草、2~4份北豆根、3~5份人参叶;其制备方法为:将上述各成分共同混合后,粉碎放入质量分数为80%的乙醇溶液中,不断回流浸提20~24h后,过滤将滤液去醇后即得植物提取液。
进一步的,所述的香根草、苦楝叶、牡丹皮、辣蓼草、北豆根和人参叶均是从对应植物上新鲜采摘的,其放置的时长不超过7天。由上述新鲜作物中提取出的植物提取液不仅能增强种子的抗病性,其中还含有不同类的生长活性因子,能改善作物的特性,影响其对于土壤中重金属元素的吸收量,进而降低了污染土壤对小麦果实质量的影响。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的复合维生素中含有维生素A、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B9、维生素C、维生素D和维生素E。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的复合氨基酸中含有赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和谷氨酸。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的有机硅表面活性剂为Silwet系列有机硅表面活性剂或309有机硅表面活性剂。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的稀土微肥中含有的稀土元素为镧、铈、铒、铥、镱、镥、钕和钇。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的磁场处理的强度为700~800mT。
进一步的,步骤(4)中所述的恒温恒湿箱内的温度为24~27℃、相对湿度为70~80%。
进一步的,步骤(4)中所述的受污染的土壤是被重金属锌、铬、汞、铅、镍的一种或几种污染的土壤。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明根据小麦种子的特性,独特配制了浸种液,其中添加的植物提取液配合稀土微肥等营养元素,能很好的改善种子特性,增强种子的活力,可提高后期幼苗根系的活力,改善其吸收特性,提升了其叶绿素、可溶性糖含量,增强了脯氨酶、淀粉酶、过氧化酶等的活性,延缓了部分细胞的分裂增殖,进而影响其对重金属的吸收和积累,配合同时施加的磁场处理,进一步提升了种子的活性,促进了其萌发和生长,改善了作物的质量。最终在各步骤的配合作用下,本发明育得的小麦植株对于锌、铬、汞、铅和镍重金属的吸收性能得到很好改善,植株的抗逆性得到提升,小麦产量也得到提高,此外,本方法处理简单,便于实施,可操作性强,有很好的推广使用价值。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)种子选取:
选择颗粒饱满、无病虫害的成熟优质小麦种子,筛除洗净杂质后备用;
(2)浸种液制备:
按重量份称取对应物质制成浸种液备用;所述浸种液由如下重量份的物质组成:4%植物提取液、1.5%尿素、0.5%聚维酮碘、0.3%复合维生素、0.5%复合氨基酸、0.2%有机硅表面活性剂、0.4%硫酸锰、0.5%硫酸镁、0.3%氯化钠、0.04%稀土微肥,余量为水;
(3)种子处理:
将步骤(1)选取的种子放入步骤(2)制得的浸种液中,在浸泡的同时对种子给予磁场处理,共同处理1h后将种子取出备用;
(4)催芽播种:
将步骤(3)处理后的小麦种子放入恒温恒湿箱内进行催芽,然后将催芽后的植株移植到受污染的土壤中即可。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的植物提取液由如下重量份的物质制成:8份香根草、9份苦楝叶、5份牡丹皮、6份辣蓼草、3份北豆根、4份人参叶;其制备方法为:将上述各成分共同混合后,粉碎放入质量分数为80%的乙醇溶液中,不断回流浸提20h后,过滤将滤液去醇后即得植物提取液。
进一步的,所述的香根草、苦楝叶、牡丹皮、辣蓼草、北豆根和人参叶均是从对应植物上新鲜采摘的,其放置的时长不超过7天。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的复合维生素中含有维生素A、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B9、维生素C、维生素D和维生素E。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的复合氨基酸中含有赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和谷氨酸。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的有机硅表面活性剂为Silwet系列有机硅表面活性剂。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的稀土微肥中含有的稀土元素为镧、铈、铒、铥、镱、镥、钕和钇。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的磁场处理的强度为750mT。
进一步的,步骤(4)中所述的恒温恒湿箱内的温度为26℃、相对湿度为75~80%。
实施例2
本实施例2的浸种液由如下重量份的物质组成:5%植物提取液、2.5%尿素、1%聚维酮碘、0.8%复合维生素、1%复合氨基酸、0.6%有机硅表面活性剂、0.6%硫酸锰、0.7%硫酸镁、0.5%氯化钠、0.1%稀土微肥,余量为水;其余的方法步骤与实施例1相同。
对比实施例1
本对比实施例1与实施例1相比,不进行磁场处理操作,除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对比实施例2
本对比实施例2与实施例2相比,其浸种液的成分中不含有植物提取液,除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对照组
现有的小麦种植方法。
为了对比本发明效果,选取一块被锌、铬、铅和镍污染的土壤,均分隔离为五份,然后对应用上述五种方法对“中麦895”品种的小麦进行种植,下表为种植期间对小麦籽粒检测统计的对比数据:
由上表可知,本发明种植方法能很好的改善小麦作物对于重金属元素的吸收特性,有利于小麦安全的种植生产,有很好的推广实用价值。
Claims (6)
1.一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)种子选取:
选择颗粒饱满、无病虫害的成熟优质小麦种子,筛除洗净杂质后备用;
(2)浸种液制备:
按重量份称取对应物质制成浸种液备用;所述浸种液由如下重量份的物质组成:4~5%植物提取液、1.5~2.5%尿素、0.5~1%聚维酮碘、0.3~0.8%复合维生素、0.5~1%复合氨基酸、0.2~0.6%有机硅表面活性剂、0.4~0.6%硫酸锰、0.5~0.7%硫酸镁、0.3~0.5%氯化钠、0.04~0.1%稀土微肥,余量为水;
(3)种子处理:
将步骤(1)选取的种子放入步骤(2)制得的浸种液中,在浸泡的同时对种子给予磁场处理,共同处理1~1.5h后将种子取出备用;
(4)催芽播种:
将步骤(3)处理后的小麦种子放入恒温恒湿箱内进行催芽,然后将催芽后的植株移植到受污染的土壤中即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中所述的植物提取液由如下重量份的物质制成:8~10份香根草、7~10份苦楝叶、4~6份牡丹皮、5~8份辣蓼草、2~4份北豆根、3~5份人参叶;其制备方法为:将上述各成分共同混合后,粉碎放入质量分数为80%的乙醇溶液中,不断回流浸提20~24h后,过滤将滤液去醇后即得植物提取液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述的复合维生素中含有维生素A、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B9、维生素C、维生素D和维生素E。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述的复合氨基酸中含有赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和谷氨酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述的磁场处理的强度为700~800mT。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐土壤污染的小麦种植方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中所述的恒温恒湿箱内的温度为24~27℃、相对湿度为70~80%。
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