CN108234365A - WCDMA repeater down channel parameters estimating systems and method - Google Patents
WCDMA repeater down channel parameters estimating systems and method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
- H04L5/005—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of common pilots, i.e. pilots destined for multiple users or terminals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of WCDMA repeaters down channel parameters estimating system and methods, are included in generation adjacent area CPICH transmitting signals on the CPICH Common Pilot Channel of WCDMA system transmission；To common pilot signal（CPICH）Carry out descrambling and de-spreading calculating；Correlation computations are carried out according to the data obtained after descrambling and de-spreading, show that original channel is estimated；Smoothing processing is done to original channel estimated value, obtains more accurate actual value；The present invention carries out descrambling and de-spreading by the CPICH channels sent to WCDMA system, and then obtaining original channel by related algorithm estimates；Under the premise of algorithm estimated accuracy height is ensured so that required resource is few, computation complexity is low and effectively reduces the bit error rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile communication technology field more particularly to a kind of WCDMA repeater downlinks in mobile communications
Channel parameter estimation system and method.
Background technology
In WCDMA system, CPICH channels are by C256,Spreading code is spread (i.e. 256 1), and 18 rank GOLD codes are (i.e. main
Scrambler) scrambler composition is carried out, the effect of main scrambler is mark base station.The purpose scanned for CPICH channels is exactly basis
The block number and boundary information that first two steps search provides carry out related operation to 8 main scramblers in the code character, find correlation
It is worth maximum main scrambler.
In the prior art from the angle of channel estimation method prior information, following three classes can be divided into：
(1) estimation based on reference signal.Such algorithm determines parameter to be estimated or by certain standards by certain estimation criterion
Then gradually tracked and adjusted the estimated value of parameter to be estimated.Its main feature is that it needs by reference signal, i.e. pilot tone or training sequence
Row.Channel estimation based on frequency pilot sign is suitable for the system continuously transmitted.Known to being inserted into the useful data of transmission
Frequency pilot sign, the channel estimation results of pilot frequency locations can be obtained；Followed by the channel estimation results of pilot frequency locations, pass through
Interpolation obtains the channel estimation results of useful data position, completes channel estimation.Estimation based on reference signal, although it is estimated
Precision is high, but since it needs occupancy fractional bandwidth to be trained sequence or pilot tone, so as to cause its band system band profit
It is greatly reduced with rate.As document (《Preferred channels method of estimation under CP continuous pilot pattern in DS-CDMA systems》, Yang Xin, You Xiao
Tiger, electronic letters, vol, in October, 2004) described in, it needs to use CPICH Common Pilot Channel for the CP continuous pilot symbol of channel estimation
In all frequency pilot sign resources, frame structure is as shown in Figure 1.
(2) blind estimate.Using modulated signal inherently, unrelated with specific carrying information bit some features or
It is the method that channel estimation is carried out using the method for decision-feedback.In recent years, frequency spectrum resource is more nervous, and urgent need can be saved effectively
The about blind channel estimation method of bandwidth.And blind channel estimation method transmitting terminal when estimating channel does not need to send training
Sequence or frequency pilot sign, improve spectrum utilization efficiency.But there is also many problems in this method, such as the robust estimated
Property etc..Realize that blind estimate also needs to system diversity and identification meets certain premise.It is most of blind when channel length is long
The estimation of channel can all fail.Meanwhile scalar constant phase and discrete element can generate certain fuzzy in estimation procedure, lead
There is not deterministic problem in symbol and channel estimation process in cause.After using multipath channel, the amount of some higher orders
Occur, be more the increase in system complexity.As document (《OFDM space-time emission diversity system channel blind estimates》, Xu Daofeng, Yang Lv
Small stream, signal processing, 2008) described in.
(3) semi-blind estimation.With reference to blind estimate and the channel estimation methods based on training sequence estimation both methods advantage.
The algorithm is completed to estimate channel by sending a small amount of symbolic information in transmitting terminal using the method for blind Channel Estimation
Meter.Following major class can be divided into：The first kind is to use the half-blindness of sequence or pilot tone for the Special Pilot-aideds sequence such as preceding pilot signal
Channel estimation methods；Second class is to realize semi-blind channel estimation by using the method for Kalman filtering；Third class is then base
In the half-blind channel estimating method of Subspace Decomposition.Compared to non-blind channel estimation method, semi-blind estimation improves system spectrum
Efficiency, but its complexity is relatively high.Compared to blind channel estimation method, the computational complexity of semi-blind channel estimation obtains
It reduces, still, a small amount of pilot tone needed for estimation is but also its availability of frequency spectrum will be less than blind Channel Estimation, citation
(《Semi-blind channel estimation algorithm research based on subspace in MIMO-OFDM systems》, Liu Miaosong, Hubei University Of Technology, 2015)
Described in.
Although the algorithm for estimating estimated accuracy based on reference signal is high, the availability of frequency spectrum is low；And blind estimate and half-blindness
Channel estimation method need not or need shorter training sequence, and spectrum efficiency is high, but general blind estimate and semi-blind estimation side
The computation complexity of method is higher, thereby increases and it is possible to phase ambiguity (method based on subspace), error propagation (such as decision-feedback class occurs
Method), convergence it is slow or the problems such as be absorbed in local minimum, need longer observation data, this limits them to a certain extent
Practicability.
Invention content
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of WCDMA repeaters down channel parameters estimating system and methods, are calculated ensureing
Under the premise of method estimated accuracy height so that the availability of frequency spectrum is high, and computation complexity is low.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of WCDMA repeaters down channel parameters estimating system, including：
Signal generation unit, for generating adjacent area common pilot signal (CPICH)；
First computing unit, for carrying out descrambling and de-spreading calculating to common pilot signal (CPICH)：
Wherein,Represent multi-path location l(q)The data of t-th of time slot, i are in a frame after corresponding descrambling and de-spreading
Chip number, j are symbol number, Field Number when t is, NsymbRepresent the CPICH symbolic numbers in a time slot, NslotRepresent one
Timeslot number in radio frames, p sample rates, p (i) represent CPICH spreading codes, e(q)Represent small according to q in sampled data from receiving
Area's starting path position starts t-th of time slot data in the frame intercepted,Represent the scrambler of q-th of cell；
Second computing unit, for calculating original channel estimated value；
Smoothing processing unit for doing average treatment to original channel estimated value, obtains more accurate actual value.
Further, second computing unit passes through the multi-path location l to m root transmission antennas(q)Corresponding is original
Position is estimated, and the corresponding channel estimation of setting each two CPICH symbols is identical, then the original letter of first antenna m=0
Road estimated value calculates as follows：
Wherein, Nd-symbRepresent the number of double CPICH symbols included in a radio frames,It represents in a frame
The channel estimation value of k-th of double sign.
Further, second computing unit further includes：If pedestal is sent using double antenna, second antenna m=1
Original channel estimated value calculate it is as follows：
Wherein,
Further, the smoothing processing unit is by the way that 5 double sign channel estimation values in a time slot are averaged
Value：
Wherein,Represent the channel estimation by t-th of time slot after smoothing processing.
A kind of WCDMA repeaters downlink channel parameter estimation method is estimated applied to WCDMA repeaters down channel parameters
System；This method includes：
Generation adjacent area CPICH transmitting signals on the CPICH Common Pilot Channel sent in WCDMA system；
Descrambling and de-spreading calculating is carried out to common pilot signal (CPICH)：
Wherein,Represent multi-path location l(q)The data of t-th of time slot, i are in a frame after corresponding descrambling and de-spreading
Chip number, j are symbol number, Field Number when t is, NsymbRepresent the CPICH symbolic numbers in a time slot, NslotRepresent one
Timeslot number in radio frames, p sample rates, p (i) represent CPICH spreading codes, e(q)Represent small according to q in sampled data from receiving
Area's starting path position starts t-th of time slot data in the frame intercepted,Represent the scrambler of q-th of cell；
Correlation computations are carried out according to the data obtained after descrambling and de-spreading, show that original channel is estimated；Original channel is estimated
Value does average treatment, obtains more accurate actual value.
Further, it is described to carry out correlation computations according to the data obtained after descrambling and de-spreading, obtain original channel estimation tool
Body includes：
To the multi-path location l of m root transmission antennas(q)Corresponding home position is estimated, and sets each two
The corresponding channel estimation of CPICH symbols is identical, then the original channel estimated value of first antenna m=0 calculates as follows：
Wherein, Nd-symbRepresent the number of double CPICH symbols included in a radio frames,It represents in a frame
The channel estimation value of k-th of double sign.
Further, it is described to carry out correlation computations according to the data obtained after descrambling and de-spreading, obtain original channel estimation tool
Body further includes：
If pedestal is sent using double antenna, the original channel estimated value calculating of second antenna m=1 is as follows：
Wherein,
Further, it is described that average treatment is done to original channel estimated value, it obtains more accurate actual value and specifically includes：
Wherein,Represent the channel estimation by t-th of time slot after smoothing processing.
The present invention carries out descrambling and de-spreading by the CPICH channels sent to WCDMA system, is then obtained by related algorithm
Original channel is estimated；Under the premise of algorithm estimated accuracy height is ensured so that required resource is few, computation complexity is low and effective drop
Low error rate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of WCDMA repeaters down channel parameters estimating system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the process blocks schematic diagram of WCDMA repeaters downlink channel parameter estimation method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the contrast simulation result curve figure that algorithm of the present invention carries out signal-to-noise ratio with existing algorithm；
Fig. 4 is CPICH Common Pilot Channel frame structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 generates schematic diagram for downlink scrambling code sequence of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention is described further：
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention relates to a kind of WCDMA repeaters down channel parameters estimating system, preferable embodiment party
Formula includes：
Signal generation unit 10, for generating adjacent area common pilot signal (CPICH)；
The present embodiment only considers STTD patterns, does not consider major-minor lead when the downlink signal of base station is double hair antennas
Frequency pattern, and the receiving terminal of downlink receives antenna to be single.
First computing unit 20, for carrying out descrambling and de-spreading calculating to common pilot signal (CPICH)：
Wherein,Represent multi-path location l(q)The data of t-th of time slot, i are in a frame after corresponding descrambling and de-spreading
Chip number, j are symbol number, Field Number when t is, NsymbRepresent the CPICH symbolic numbers in a time slot, in the present embodiment
Nsymb=10；NslotRepresent the timeslot number in a radio frames, in the present embodiment Nslot=15；P is sample rate, because of this reality
It is channel estimation to be done in two speeds, therefore p=2 to apply example；P (i) represents CPICH spreading codes, p (i)=1, and i=0 ... 255；e(q)Represent since receives in sampled data according to q cells originate path position intercept a frame in t-th of time slot data, consideration
To the correlated results of multipath delay, in order to obtain a time slot, then e(q)The data more than one time slot of caching are needed, length is
(256+2560+256) p, i.e., 256 chips of more cachings before and after current time slots；Represent the scrambler of q-th of cell；
Second computing unit 30, for calculating original channel estimated value；
If the multi-path location l of m root transmission antennas(q)Corresponding home position carries out estimation and is expressed asAnd
The corresponding channel estimation of setting each two CPICH symbols is identical, then first antenna is expressed as the original channel estimated value of m=0
It calculates as follows：
Wherein, Nd-symbRepresent the number of double CPICH symbols that includes in a radio frames, N in the present embodimentd-symb=
75；Represent the channel estimation value of k-th of double sign in a frame.
Then the original channel estimated value of second antenna m=1 calculates as follows：
Wherein,
Smoothing processing unit 40 for doing average treatment to original channel estimated value, obtains more accurate actual value.
Smoothing processing unit is by the way that 5 double sign channel estimation values in a time slot are averaged：
Wherein,Represent the channel estimation by t-th of time slot after smoothing processing.
As shown in Fig. 2, the invention further relates to a kind of WCDMA repeaters downlink channel parameter estimation method, it is applied to above-mentioned
WCDMA repeater down channel parameters estimating systems；This method includes：
100th, generation adjacent area CPICH transmitting signals on the CPICH Common Pilot Channel sent in WCDMA system；
110th, descrambling and de-spreading calculating is carried out to common pilot signal (CPICH)：
Wherein,Represent multi-path location l(q)The data of t-th of time slot, i are in a frame after corresponding descrambling and de-spreading
Chip number, j are symbol number, Field Number when t is, NsymbRepresent the CPICH symbolic numbers in a time slot, in the present embodiment
Nsymb=10；NslotRepresent the timeslot number in a radio frames, in the present embodiment Nslot=15；P is sample rate, because of this reality
It is channel estimation to be done in two speeds, therefore p=2 to apply example；P (i) represents CPICH spreading codes, p (i)=1, and i=0 ... 255；e(q)Represent since receives in sampled data according to q cells originate path position intercept a frame in t-th of time slot data, consideration
To the correlated results of multipath delay, in order to obtain a time slot, then e(q)The data more than one time slot of caching are needed, length is
(256+2560+256) p, i.e., 256 chips of more cachings before and after current time slots；Represent the scrambler of q-th of cell；
120th, correlation computations are carried out according to the data obtained after descrambling and de-spreading, show that original channel is estimated；
130th, average treatment is done to original channel estimated value, obtains more accurate actual value.
140th, it is described to carry out correlation computations according to the data obtained after descrambling and de-spreading, obtain the specific packet of original channel estimation
It includes：
If the multi-path location l of m root transmission antennas(q)Corresponding home position carries out estimation and is expressed asAnd
The corresponding channel estimation of setting each two CPICH symbols is identical, then first antenna is expressed as the original channel estimated value of m=0
It calculates as follows：
Wherein, Nd-symbRepresent the number of double CPICH symbols that includes in a radio frames, N in the present embodimentd-symb=
75；Represent the channel estimation value of k-th of double sign in a frame.
Then the original channel estimated value of second antenna m=1 calculates as follows：
Wherein,
It is described that average treatment is done to original channel estimated value, it obtains more accurate actual value and specifically includes：
Wherein,Represent the channel estimation by t-th of time slot after smoothing processing.
The present invention is under the premise of ensureing that algorithm structure is with high accuracy, and under the premise of with high accuracy, structure is easier to use FPGA
Code is realized, and required resource is less, as shown in table 1 below, and the FPGA of the algorithm is realized, in the A5 devices of altera
In, it is only necessary to 400 ALUTS and 1 M10k do not need to multiplier, and required resource is than conventional LMS and LMMSE algorithms
It is few.By practice examining, which can effectively demodulate the modulation of transmitting terminal by the data of channel estimation process
Signal, reduces the bit error rate, and estimated accuracy is close to LMS algorithm.
The realization of 1 each algorithm of table consumes FPGA resource comparison situation
Experiment simulation and result
The present embodiment uses MATLAB emulation platforms, and algorithm proposed by the present invention is emulated.
Simulated conditions are：The period of each frame is 10ms, is made of 15 time slots, chip-rate 3.84Mchip/s, is emulated
When sample rate be 2 times of chip-rate, 12 multipaths.Respectively to the innovatory algorithm of no channel estimation method, LMS algorithm and this paper into
The contrast simulation of row signal-to-noise ratio, simulation result are as shown in Figure 3.
In conclusion the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to upper
Embodiment is stated the present invention is described in detail, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：It still can be to upper
The technical solution recorded in each embodiment is stated to modify or carry out equivalent replacement to which part technical characteristic；And these
Modification is replaced, the spirit and scope for various embodiments of the present invention technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of WCDMA repeaters down channel parameters estimating system, which is characterized in that including：
Signal generation unit, for generating adjacent area common pilot signal (CPICH)；
First computing unit, for carrying out descrambling and de-spreading calculating to common pilot signal (CPICH)：
J=0,1 ..., Nsymb-1；T=0,1 ..., Nslot-1；
Wherein,Represent multi-path location l(q)The data of t-th of time slot in a frame after corresponding descrambling and de-spreading, i is chip
Number, j is symbol number, Field Number when t is, NsymbRepresent the CPICH symbolic numbers in a time slot, NslotRepresent one wirelessly
Timeslot number in frame, p sample rates, p (i) represent CPICH spreading codes, e(q)It represents from receiving in sampled data according to q cells
Beginning path position starts t-th of time slot data in the frame intercepted,Represent the scrambler of q-th of cell；
Second computing unit, for calculating original channel estimated value；
Smoothing processing unit for doing smoothing processing to original channel estimated value, obtains more accurate actual value.
2. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that second computing unit passes through to m root transmission antennas
Multi-path location l(q)Corresponding home position is estimated, and sets the corresponding channel estimation phase of each two CPICH symbols
Together, then the original channel estimated value calculating of first antenna m=0 is as follows：
Wherein, Nd-symbRepresent the number of double CPICH symbols included in a radio frames,It represents in a frame k-th
The channel estimation value of double sign.
3. system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that second computing unit further includes：If pedestal is using double
Antenna is sent, then the original channel estimated value of second antenna m=1 calculates as follows：
Wherein,
4. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the smoothing processing unit is by by 5 in a time slot
A double sign channel estimation value is averaged：
Wherein,Represent the channel estimation by t-th of time slot after smoothing processing.
5. a kind of WCDMA repeaters downlink channel parameter estimation method estimates system applied to WCDMA repeaters down channel parameters
System；It is characterized in that, this method includes：
Generation adjacent area CPICH transmitting signals on the CPICH Common Pilot Channel sent in WCDMA system；
Descrambling and de-spreading calculating is carried out to common pilot signal (CPICH)：
J=0,1 ..., Nsymb-1；T=0,1 ..., Nslot-1；
Wherein,Represent multi-path location l(q)The data of t-th of time slot in a frame after corresponding descrambling and de-spreading, i is chip
Number, j is symbol number, Field Number when t is, NsymbRepresent the CPICH symbolic numbers in a time slot, NslotRepresent one wirelessly
Timeslot number in frame, p sample rates, p (i) represent CPICH spreading codes, e(q)It represents from receiving in sampled data according to q cells
Beginning path position starts t-th of time slot data in the frame intercepted,Represent the scrambler of q-th of cell；
Correlation computations are carried out according to the data obtained after descrambling and de-spreading, show that original channel is estimated；Original channel estimated value is done
Smoothing processing obtains more accurate actual value.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, carry out correlometer according to the data obtained after descrambling and de-spreading
It calculates, show that original channel estimation specifically includes：
To the multi-path location l of m root transmission antennas(q)Corresponding home position is estimated, and sets each two CPICH symbols
Number corresponding channel estimation is identical, then the original channel estimated value of first antenna m=0 calculates as follows：
Wherein, Nd-symbRepresent the number of double CPICH symbols included in a radio frames,It represents in a frame k-th
The channel estimation value of double sign.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, carry out correlometer according to the data obtained after descrambling and de-spreading
It calculates, show that original channel estimation specifically further includes：
If pedestal is sent using double antenna, the original channel estimated value calculating of second antenna m=1 is as follows：
Wherein,
8. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, do smoothing processing to original channel estimated value, obtain more
Accurate actual value specifically includes：
Wherein,Represent the channel estimation by t-th of time slot after smoothing processing.
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