CN108234023B - Power efficient zero-breaking precoding scheme based on deviation channel information - Google Patents

Power efficient zero-breaking precoding scheme based on deviation channel information Download PDF

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CN108234023B
CN108234023B CN201810029161.1A CN201810029161A CN108234023B CN 108234023 B CN108234023 B CN 108234023B CN 201810029161 A CN201810029161 A CN 201810029161A CN 108234023 B CN108234023 B CN 108234023B
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precoding
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CN108234023A (en
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田忠骏
孙正国
朱义君
汪涛
郑晓东
刘洛琨
梁进山
高�熙
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Dongguan Xinda Institute Of Integrated Innovation
Information Engineering University of PLA Strategic Support Force
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
    • H04B10/116—Visible light communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03343—Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03891—Spatial equalizers
    • H04L25/03898—Spatial equalizers codebook-based design

Abstract

The invention discloses a power efficient zero-breaking precoding method for indoor visible light communication multiple users based on deviation channel information, which is a precoding algorithm for controlling interference among users, which is provided for an indoor visible light communication multiple user system.

Description

Power efficient zero-breaking precoding scheme based on deviation channel information
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of visible light communication, in particular to an indoor visible light communication multi-user power efficient zero-breaking precoding scheme based on deviation channel information.
Background
Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a wireless light communication technology that combines lighting with data communication. At present, one of the main challenges of visible light communication is its low modulation bandwidth, typically only a few MHz. But the illumination specified by the relevant international standards is such that the received signal has a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). And for a typical indoor environment, the lighting is generally composed of a plurality of LEDs, so that it is a research focus of domestic and foreign scholars to realize high-speed visible light communication by using Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology. Currently, scholars at home and abroad have already studied a certain amount of visible light MIMO systems.
The D.C.O' Brien topic group of the Oxford university proposes two visible light MIMO system models of a non-imaging type and an imaging type, and researches the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the imaging type MIMO system through experiments. The capacity of an imaging optical MIMO system is researched by the analysis of the Xuzheng element subject group of the Qinghua university; the slow nan topic group of the compound university provides a MISO-OFDM system based on subcarrier multiplexing, and analyzes the relation between the system transmission range and BER. However, these works mainly discuss the situation that all optical receivers in the system belong to a single user terminal (single user), and for an actual VLC communication system, there are usually a plurality of user terminals randomly distributed indoors, each terminal contains a single or a plurality of optical receivers, and together with the LED light source, a multi-user MIMO visible light communication system is formed.
Although the visible light communication precoding technology has been widely studied, information utilized for precoding of visible light communication of a target does not consider the influence of interference.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a power-efficient zero-breaking precoding scheme for multiple users in indoor visible light communication based on biased channel information to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power efficient zero-breaking precoding scheme for indoor visible light communication multiple users based on deviation channel information, and aims to solve the problems of finding the precoding, equalization matrix and luminous flux distribution proportion which enable the illumination performance of a system to be optimal in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a power efficient zero-breaking precoding scheme for indoor visible light communication multiple users based on deviation channel information is based on an MU-MISO visible light communication system containing N LEDs and K users, the system can send data to the users, and corresponding precoding needs to be designed for controlling interference among the users. The channel estimation matrix may be obtained using a channel estimation algorithm, but the channel matrix contains channel errors due to noise and delay. Analyzing the signal error, respectively considering the influence of channel estimation error caused by noise and time delay, and ensuring the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of multiple users while using the total emitting light power c of LEDTd min as optimization target, consider the dynamic current range constraint d 'of the LED'nAnd signal-to-noise ratio requirement for each user gammakDesigning a precoding scheme meeting the minimum illumination level, wherein the precoding scheme comprises two precoding schemes for noise interference and delay interference:
Figure GDA0002490991590000021
Figure GDA0002490991590000022
Figure GDA0002490991590000023
Figure GDA0002490991590000024
(1) precoding noise interference
① interference of noise on channel information
The error of the channel information satisfies the following gaussian distribution
δk～N(0,Γk)
Wherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000031
② precoding scheme for noise interference
Figure GDA0002490991590000032
Figure GDA0002490991590000033
Figure GDA0002490991590000034
Figure GDA0002490991590000035
Figure GDA0002490991590000036
Wherein J ═ { I ═ IK0K×1}，IKIs an identity matrix, 0K×1Is an all-zero matrix.
Figure GDA0002490991590000037
Is that a last term is σnThe other terms are vectors of 0, which is a convex optimization problem that can be solved by using a convex optimization tool box;
(2) updating precoding scheme for delay
① delaying update interfering with channel information
The error of the channel information can be expressed by a boundary function as
Figure GDA0002490991590000038
Wherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000039
Is a two-norm of the maximum difference of the accurate channel information and the estimated channel information,
Figure GDA00024909915900000310
is a function of the user position and the channel delay user movement distance;
obtaining a system model containing channel errors as
Figure GDA00024909915900000311
Wherein
Figure GDA00024909915900000312
For the interference introduced by the error of the channel, the signal-to-noise ratio of each user is defined as rhok；
② precoding scheme for delayed interference
Figure GDA0002490991590000041
Figure GDA0002490991590000042
Figure GDA0002490991590000043
Figure GDA0002490991590000044
Figure GDA0002490991590000045
Wherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000046
Figure GDA0002490991590000047
Wherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000048
λki≥0，
Figure GDA0002490991590000049
Are auxiliary variables.
Preferably, the data transmitted to the user by the MU-MISO visible light communication system comprising N LEDs and K users is s ═ s1,...,sK]TWherein s isk∈ -1,1 is a bipolar OOK signal sent to the k-th user with an average power of
Figure GDA00024909915900000410
Precoding matrix W ═ W1,...,wK]＝[ω1,...,ωN]TWherein
Figure GDA00024909915900000411
Is the k-th column of the signal matrix W
Figure GDA00024909915900000412
Is the nth row of the channel matrix W.
Preferably, the LED passes a current range [ I ]D,IU]In which IDConduction current, IUIn order to ensure that the channel can pass through the LED, the pre-coded signal Ws needs to be added with a DC bias d ═ d for the upper limit of the LED current1,...,dN]TFinally, the signal through the LED is
x＝Ws+d
Wherein x ═ x1,...,xN]T，xnSignal sent for nth LED
The sending signal should be within the current allowable range I of the LEDD≤xn≤IUThat is, | ωn||1+dn≤IU,ID≤dn-||ωn||1Definition of dn′＝min{dn-ID,IU-dnGet us get
||ωn||1≤dn′.
Signal xnHas an average optical power of Pn＝cnE[xn]＝cndnWherein c isnFor the electro-optic conversion coefficient of the LED, the total system optical power is
P＝cTd,
Wherein c ═ c1,...,cN]TAn electro-optic conversion coefficient;
preferably, the channel matrix of the MU-MISO system is H ═ H1,...,hK]T＝{hkn}K×NWherein h isknFor the channel coefficients of the nth LED to the kth user,
the reception signal of the k-th user is
Figure GDA0002490991590000051
Wherein the first term is the effective signal of the kth user, the second term is the channel interference of other LEDs,
Figure GDA0002490991590000052
the last term z can be removed by AC matching for LED DC signalskAdditive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
Figure GDA0002490991590000053
The signal obtained after filtering out the DC signal is
Figure GDA0002490991590000054
Kth user, channel coefficient estimated by system
Figure GDA0002490991590000055
True channel coefficient hkSatisfy the following relationship
Figure GDA0002490991590000056
Wherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000057
Representing the signal error vector including noise and interference of the delay updates to the channel information.
Preferably, the pre-coding design takes the minimum illumination power as an optimization target, and takes the current dynamic range of the LED as an optimization target.
Preferably, the precoding design adopts a zero-breaking method to completely eliminate the interference between users.
Preferably, both noise errors and delay errors are considered in the precoding design.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the precoding algorithm provided by the invention considers the noise and time delay influence during channel estimation, and designs a precoding design scheme meeting the minimum illumination level while ensuring the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of a plurality of users, thereby improving the effectiveness of precoding design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an indoor visible light communication MU-MISO system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the dynamic range of LED current.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a power efficient zero-breaking precoding scheme of indoor visible light communication multi-user based on deviation channel information considers the noise influence introduced during channel estimation, and designs a precoding design scheme meeting the minimum illumination level while ensuring the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of a plurality of users, wherein the precoding design scheme comprises two precoding schemes of noise interference and delay interference;
suppose a MU-MISO visible light communication system comprises N LEDs and K users, and the data transmitted by the users is s ═ s1,...,sK]TWherein s isk∈ -1,1 is a bipolar OOK signal sent to the k-th user with an average power of
Figure GDA0002490991590000061
W＝[w1,...,wK]＝[ω1,...,ωN]TWherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000062
For the k-th column of the channel matrix W,
Figure GDA0002490991590000071
is the nth row of the channel matrix W;
the current of the LED has a dynamic range [ I ]D,IU]In which IDConduction current, IUFor the upper limit of the LED current, to enable the channel to pass through the LED, the pre-coded signal Ws needs to add a dc bias d ═ d1,...,dN]TThe signal through the LED is
x＝Ws+d
Wherein x ═ x1,...,xN]T，xnA signal sent for the nth LED;
the sending signal should be within the current allowable range I of the LEDD≤xn≤IUThat is, | ωn||1+dn≤IU,ID≤dn-||ωn||1Definition of dn′＝min{dn-ID,IU-dnGet it
||ωn||1≤dn′.
Signal xnHas an average optical power of Pn＝cnE[xn]＝cndnWherein c isnFor the electro-optic conversion coefficient of the LED, the total system optical power is
P＝cTd,
Wherein c ═ c1,...,cN]TAn electro-optic conversion coefficient;
the channel matrix of the MU-MISO system is H ═ H1,...,hK]T＝{hkn}K×NWherein h isknChannel coefficients for the nth LED to the kth user;
the received signal of the k-th user is
Figure GDA0002490991590000072
Wherein the first term is the effective signal of the kth user, the second term is the channel interference of other LEDs,
Figure GDA0002490991590000073
the last term z can be removed by AC matching for LED DC signalskAdditive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
Figure GDA0002490991590000074
The signal obtained after filtering out the DC signal is
Figure GDA0002490991590000081
Kth user, channel coefficient estimated by system
Figure GDA0002490991590000082
True channel coefficient hkSatisfy the following relationship
Figure GDA0002490991590000083
Wherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000084
Representing a signal error vector, considering the influence of two errors and proposing a precoding scheme to the signal error vector; the scheme uses the total emitting light power c of the LEDTd min as optimization target, consider the dynamic current range constraint d 'of the LED'nAnd signal-to-noise ratio requirement for each user gammak；
Figure GDA0002490991590000085
Figure GDA0002490991590000086
Figure GDA0002490991590000087
Figure GDA0002490991590000088
(1) Precoding noise interference
① interference of noise on channel information
The error of the channel information satisfies the following gaussian distribution
δk～N(0,Γk)
Wherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000089
② precoding scheme for noise interference
Figure GDA0002490991590000091
Figure GDA0002490991590000092
Figure GDA0002490991590000093
Figure GDA0002490991590000094
Figure GDA0002490991590000095
Wherein J ═ { I ═ IK0K×1}，IKIs an identity matrix, 0K×1Is an all-zero matrix.
Figure GDA0002490991590000096
Is that a last term is σnThe other terms are vectors of 0, which is a convex optimization problem that can be solved by using a convex optimization tool box;
(2) updating precoding scheme for delay
① delaying update interfering with channel information
The error of the channel information can be expressed by a boundary function as
Figure GDA0002490991590000097
Wherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000098
Is a two-norm of the maximum difference of the accurate channel information and the estimated channel information,
Figure GDA0002490991590000099
is a function of the user position and the channel delay user movement distance;
obtaining a system model containing channel errors as
Figure GDA00024909915900000910
Wherein
Figure GDA00024909915900000911
For the interference introduced by the error of the channel, the signal-to-noise ratio of each user is defined as rhok；
② precoding scheme for delayed interference
Figure GDA0002490991590000101
Figure GDA0002490991590000102
Figure GDA0002490991590000103
Figure GDA0002490991590000104
Figure GDA0002490991590000105
Wherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000106
Figure GDA0002490991590000107
Wherein
Figure GDA0002490991590000108
λki≥0，
Figure GDA0002490991590000109
Are auxiliary variables.
The working principle is as follows:
the pre-coding design considers two errors of noise error and delay error, takes the minimum illumination power as an optimization target, takes the current dynamic range of the LED as the optimization target, and adopts a zero-breaking method to completely eliminate the interference between users.
Interpretation of terms:
1. VLC: visible light communication
2. LED: light emitting diode
3. MU: multiple users
4. MISO multiple input single output
5. OOK: on-off keying.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A power efficient zero-breaking precoding method for indoor visible light communication multiple users based on deviation channel information is characterized in that the precoding method is based on an MU-MISO visible light communication system containing N LEDs and K users, and the system can send data to the users;
obtaining a channel coefficient matrix of the system according to a channel estimation algorithm, considering the interference of noise and time delay on channel information, and ensuring the signal-to-noise ratio of a plurality of users and simultaneously using the total emitting light power c of the LEDTd minimum as optimization target, taking into account the dynamic current range constraint d 'of the LED'nAnd signal-to-noise ratio requirement for each user gammakDesigning a precoding scheme meeting the minimum illumination level, wherein the precoding scheme comprises two precoding schemes of noise interference and delay interference:
Figure FDA0002054049560000011
Figure FDA0002054049560000012
Figure FDA0002054049560000013
Figure FDA0002054049560000014
(1) precoding noise interference
① interference of noise to channel information, the error of the channel information satisfies the following Gaussian distribution
δk～N(0,Γk) Wherein
Figure FDA0002054049560000015
② precoding scheme for noise interference
Figure FDA0002054049560000016
Figure FDA0002054049560000017
Figure FDA0002054049560000018
Figure FDA0002054049560000019
Figure FDA00020540495600000110
Wherein J ═ { I ═ IK0K×1}，IKIs an identity matrix, 0K×1Is an all-zero matrix;
Figure FDA00020540495600000111
is that a last term is σnVectors with other terms being 0;
(2) updating precoding scheme for delay
① delay updating interference to channel information, error adoption of channel informationThe boundary function is expressed as | δk‖2≤òkWherein oakIs a two-norm of the maximum difference between the exact channel information and the estimated channel information, oakIs a function of the user position and the channel delay user movement distance;
a system model containing channel errors is obtained as
Figure FDA0002054049560000021
Wherein
Figure FDA0002054049560000022
For the interference introduced by the error of the channel, the signal-to-noise ratio of each user is defined as rhok；
② precoding scheme for delayed interference
Figure FDA0002054049560000023
Figure FDA0002054049560000024
Figure FDA0002054049560000025
Figure FDA0002054049560000026
Figure FDA0002054049560000027
Wherein
Figure FDA0002054049560000028
Wherein
Figure FDA0002054049560000029
Are auxiliary variables.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the MU-MISO visible light communication system with N LEDs and K users transmits s-s to the users1,...,sK]TWherein s isk∈ { -1,1} is a bipolar OOK signal sent to the kth user with an average power of
Figure FDA00020540495600000210
Precoding matrix W ═ W1,...,wK]＝[ω1,...,ωN]TWherein
Figure FDA00020540495600000211
For the k-th column of the signal matrix W,
Figure FDA00020540495600000212
is the nth row of the channel matrix W.
3. The power-efficient zero-breaking precoding method for indoor visible light communication multiple users based on biased channel information as claimed in claim 1, wherein the current range passed by the LED is [ I [ ]D,IU]In which IDTo conduct current, IUIn order to ensure that the channel can pass through the LED, a DC bias d ═ d needs to be added to the precoded signal Ws for the upper limit of the LED current1,...,dN]TFinally, the signal through the LED is x ═ Ws + d, where x ═ x1,...,xN]T，xnFor the signal sent by the nth LED, the sent signal is within the current allowable range I of the LEDD≤xn≤IUI.e., | ωn||1+dn≤IU,ID≤dn-||ωn||1Definition of dn′＝min{dn-ID,IU-dnGet | ω |)n||1≤dn′Signal xnHas an average optical power of Pn＝cnE[xn]＝cndnWherein c isnThe total system light power is P ═ c for the electro-optic conversion coefficient of the LEDTd, wherein c ═ c1,...,cN]TIs the electro-optic conversion coefficient.
4. The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the channel matrix of the MU-MISO system is H ═ H1,...,hK]T＝{hkn}K×NWherein h isknIs the channel coefficient from the nth LED to the kth user whose received signal is
Figure FDA0002054049560000031
Wherein
Figure FDA0002054049560000032
The valid signal of the k-th user,
Figure FDA0002054049560000033
is a disturbance of the channel of the other LEDs,
Figure FDA0002054049560000034
for LED DC signals can be removed by AC matching, zkIs Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
Figure FDA0002054049560000035
The signal obtained after filtering out the DC signal is
Figure FDA0002054049560000036
For the k user, the channel coefficient estimated by the system
Figure FDA0002054049560000037
With the true channel coefficient hkThe following relationship is satisfied:
Figure FDA0002054049560000038
wherein
Figure FDA0002054049560000039
Representing the signal error vector including noise and interference of the delay updates to the channel information.
5. The power-efficient zero-breaking precoding method for the indoor visible light communication multi-users based on the deviation channel information as claimed in claim 1, wherein the precoding scheme is designed with a minimum value of illumination power as an optimization target and a dynamic range of current of the LED as an optimization target.
6. The power-efficient zero-breaking precoding method for the indoor visible light communication multiple users based on the deviation channel information as claimed in claim 1, wherein the precoding scheme is designed by a zero-breaking method.
7. The power-efficient zero-breaking precoding method for the indoor visible light communication multi-user based on the deviation channel information as claimed in claim 1, wherein the precoding design takes into account two errors, namely a noise error and a delay error.
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