CN108232206A - A kind of direct generation of electricity method and system using idle air or low concentration gas - Google Patents

A kind of direct generation of electricity method and system using idle air or low concentration gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108232206A
CN108232206A CN201711261254.9A CN201711261254A CN108232206A CN 108232206 A CN108232206 A CN 108232206A CN 201711261254 A CN201711261254 A CN 201711261254A CN 108232206 A CN108232206 A CN 108232206A
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low concentration
gas
idle air
concentration gas
fuel cell
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CN201711261254.9A
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CN108232206B (en
Inventor
周福宝
凌意瀚
王鑫鑫
魏康伟
田绪沛
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H01M8/0687—Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

A kind of direct generation of electricity method and system using idle air or low concentration gas, on the one hand after idle air or the low concentration gas of extraction being carried out desulfurization and dedusting processing, the partial oxidation in mash gas is removed by gas fractionation unit, the anode air flue for subsequently entering solid oxide fuel cell participates in electrochemical reaction；On the other hand, outside air enters cathode of solid oxide fuel cell air flue participation electrochemical reaction, while solid oxide fuel cell outwardly exports direct current.The chemical energy of idle air or low concentration gas is directly converted into electric energy by the present invention, is significantly improved generating efficiency, is not generated the pollutions such as noise and nitrogen oxides；External reformer need not be increased, reduce system complexity and cost；Risk of explosion when avoiding solid oxide fuel cell using low concentration gas as fuel simultaneously can effectively prevent galvanic anode that the damages such as Oxidative demage, carbon distribution and poisoning occur, be a kind of safe, reliable, efficient idle air or low-concentration gas power generation technology.

Description

A kind of direct generation of electricity method and system using idle air or low concentration gas
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gas utilization technical fields, and in particular to a kind of to utilize the direct of idle air or low concentration gas Electricity-generating method and system.
Background technology
China's coal-mine idle air (also known as " coal mine wind resource assessment ", CCH4<And low concentration gas (the C of extraction 1%)CH4<30%) Contained methane total amount is especially huge, reaches every year more than 250 billion cubic meters, but since methane concentration therein is low, utilizes Difficulty is big, these methane gas are usually directly discharged in air, and serious energy waste and greenhouse gases is caused to pollute.Cause This, efficiently for alleviating energy crisis and is improved the ecological environment all with important meaning using idle air and the low concentration gas of extraction Justice.
At present, idle air and the low concentration gas of extraction mainly include purification technique, combustion power generation technology using technology With counter flow oxidation technology.It is purification technique complex process, of high cost and low to the purification efficiency of idle air and low concentration gas； Combustion power generation technology mainly includes internal combustion engine and gas turbine power generation technology, which needs by multistages such as thermal energy, mechanical energy Chemical energy in gas could be converted into electric energy by conversion process of energy, and the mechanical operating part being directed to is complicated, the skill Art there are generating efficiency it is low (<30%), poor reliability, the shortcomings of noise is big, and it is big to discharge in power generation process nitrogen oxides etc. Gas pollutant；Counter flow oxidation technology is mainly used in mine air-lack, which makes ultralow concentration gas gas send out in the reactor Life slowly aoxidizes and releases heat, but energy transformation ratio is low, and the technology is mainly used for mine heat supply at present, and economic benefit is poor.
Solid oxide fuel cell is a kind of energy conversion device of all solid state clean and effective, can be by the chemistry in fuel Can be converted into electric energy, generating efficiency it is high (>50%) gas pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and noise pollution, are not generated.It is existing Solid oxide fuel cell generation technology mainly using pure hydrogen or pure methane as fuel, there has been no to be mixed with large quantity of air Idle air or the solid oxide fuel cell generation technology that the low concentration gas of extraction is fuel.However, if soild oxide fires Expect that battery using idle air or the low concentration gas of extraction as fuel, has the risk for causing gas explosion, and be likely to occur anode The problems such as Oxidative demage, carbon distribution, poisoning occurs.Therefore, at present there is an urgent need for it is a kind of using the safety of idle air or low concentration gas, can It leans on, efficient solid oxide fuel cell direct generation of electricity technology.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of direct generation of electricity method and system using idle air or low concentration gas, the party Chemical energy in idle air or low concentration gas can be converted into electric energy by method and system, can improve generating efficiency and using energy source Rate reduces the discharge capacity of idle air and the low concentration gas of extraction, reduces environmental pollution；Meanwhile idle air or low concentration watt can be avoided This explodes under fuel cell pack internal high temperature environment, avoids anode of fuel cell that Oxidative demage, carbon distribution, poisoning etc. occurs Problem.
To achieve the above object, a kind of direct generation of electricity method and system using idle air or low concentration gas, first through ore deposit The idle air of well ventilation blower discharge or the low concentration gas of gas pumping vacuum pump extraction enter dust-removing desulfurating apparatus progress desulfurization and remove Dirt pre-processes, and pretreated idle air or low concentration gas are then sent to gas fractionation unit and remove partial oxidation, remove The anode air flue participation electrochemistry that idle air or low concentration gas after partial oxidation subsequently enter solid oxide fuel cell is anti- Should, while participate in electrochemical reaction, soild oxide combustion to the cathode air flue conveying outside air of solid oxide fuel cell Material battery outwardly exports direct current realization and the chemical energy of idle air or low concentration gas is converted into electric energy.
Further, the hydrogen sulfide gas content in idle air or low concentration gas is reduced to by the dust-removing desulfurating apparatus 10ppm by the dust content in idle air or low concentration gas hereinafter, be reduced to 5mg/m3Below.
Further, the gas fractionation unit by UF membrane or pressure-variable adsorption by oxygen from idle air or low concentration gas In isolate, it is 0.3~1 to make volume ratio between the idle air after separation or the oxygen in low concentration gas and methane, and is detached Oxygen volume content is not higher than 12% in idle air or low concentration gas afterwards.
Preferably, the running temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is 650 DEG C~800 DEG C.
Preferably, the solid oxide fuel cell uses Ni base anodes.
A kind of direct generation of electricity method and system using idle air or low concentration gas, including Mine Ventilator or gas pumping Vacuum pump, desulfation dust-extraction device, gas fractionation unit and solid oxide fuel cell, the Mine Ventilator or gas pumping Vacuum pump is connect with desulfation dust-extraction device, and desulfation dust-extraction device is connect with gas fractionation unit, gas fractionation unit and solid oxygen Compound fuel cell connects.
The idle air or the low concentration gas of gas pumping vacuum pump extraction that one aspect of the present invention discharges Mine Ventilator into After the processing of row desulfurization and dedusting, the partial oxidation in mash gas is removed by gas fractionation unit, subsequently enters solid oxide fuel The anode air flue of battery participates in electrochemical reaction, and it is for use (such as to collect deposit through the purity oxygen that gas fractionation unit is isolated Coal mine emergency rescue system oxygen supply etc.)；On the other hand, outside air enters the cathode air flue participation of solid oxide fuel cell Electrochemical reaction, while solid oxide fuel cell outwardly exports direct current and realizes idle air or the chemistry of low concentration gas Electric energy can be converted into.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
(1) chemical energy in idle air or low concentration gas is converted into electricity by solid oxide fuel cell in the present invention Can, it is not limited by Carnot's cycle efficiency, avoids the multilevel energy conversion process of internal combustion engine or gas turbine power generation, generating efficiency Height, and power generation process is noiseless, does not generate the air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides；
(2) desulfation dust-extraction device carries out idle air or low concentration gas appropriate dust-removal and desulfurizing pretreatment in the present invention, from And dust, hydrogen sulfide gas in idle air or low concentration gas is avoided to damage anode of fuel cell；
(3) gas fractionation unit detaches the partial oxidation in idle air or low concentration gas in the present invention, weary so as to avoid Wind or low concentration gas explode under fuel cell pack internal high temperature environment, and the oxygen of debita spissitudo can both prevent high oxygen Damage of the concentration to galvanic anode can also avoid anode of fuel cell that carbon distribution occurs；
(4) gas fractionation unit only needs separate section oxygen in the present invention, is not required to separation of nitrogen, the requirement to isolation technics Relatively low, separation costs are relatively low；
(5) present invention in solid oxide fuel cell running temperature ensure that solid oxide fuel cell have compared with High generated output, does not influence the long-time stability of battery operation, while reduces the performance requirement to fuel cell material；
(6) solid oxide fuel cell using Ni base anode-supported fuel cells, can promote low concentration watt in the present invention This reforming reaction in the generation of the anode region of inside battery, generation hydrogen, carbon monoxide etc. easily participate in the gas of electrochemical reaction, It avoids, using external reformer, reducing system complexity and cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system and device figure of the present invention；
In figure：1st, desulfation dust-extraction device, 2, gas fractionation unit, 3, solid oxide fuel cell.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of direct generation of electricity method using idle air or low concentration gas, is discharged first through Mine Ventilator Idle air or gas pumping vacuum pump extraction low concentration gas enter dust-removing desulfurating apparatus 1 carry out desulfurization and dedusting pretreatment, in advance Treated idle air or low concentration gas are then sent to gas fractionation unit 2 and remove partial oxidation, after removing partial oxidation Idle air or low concentration gas subsequently enter solid oxide fuel cell 3 anode air flue participate in electrochemical reaction, meanwhile, to Solid oxide fuel cell 3 cathode air flue conveying outside air participate in electrochemical reaction, solid oxide fuel cell 4 to External world's output direct current is realized is converted into electric energy by the chemical energy in idle air or low concentration gas.
In order to which dust, hydrogen sulfide gas in idle air or low concentration gas is further avoided to damage galvanic anode, The dust-removing desulfurating apparatus 1 the hydrogen sulfide gas content in idle air or low concentration gas is reduced to 10ppm hereinafter, by idle air or Dust content in low concentration gas is reduced to 5mg/m3Below.
In order to which idle air or low concentration gas is further avoided to explode under fuel cell pack internal high temperature environment, simultaneously Further prevent galvanic anode that Oxidative demage or carbon distribution occurs, the gas fractionation unit 2 passes through UF membrane or pressure-variable adsorption point Separated from idle air or low concentration gas from by partial oxidation, make the idle air after separation or the oxygen in gas and methane it Between volume ratio for 0.3~1, and oxygen volume content is not higher than 12% in the idle air or low concentration gas after detaching.
In order to improve the generated output of solid oxide fuel cell 3, the long-time stability of battery operation are not influenced, simultaneously Fuel cell pack material performance requirement is reduced, the running temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell 3 is 650 DEG C~800 DEG C.
In order to further promote low concentration gas reforming reaction in the generation of the anode region of inside battery, generation hydrogen, one Carbonoxide etc. easily participates in the gas of electrochemical reaction, avoids, using external reformer, reducing system complexity, reducing cost, institute It states solid oxide fuel cell 3 and uses Ni base anode-supported fuel cells.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of direct generation of electricity system using idle air or low concentration gas, including Mine Ventilator or gas Extraction vacuum pump, desulfation dust-extraction device 1, gas fractionation unit 2 and solid oxide fuel cell 3, the Mine Ventilator or Gas pumping vacuum pump is connect with desulfation dust-extraction device 1, and desulfation dust-extraction device 1 is connect with gas fractionation unit 2, gas separation dress 2 are put to connect with solid oxide fuel cell 3.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. direct generation of electricity method using idle air or low concentration gas, which is characterized in that discharged first through Mine Ventilator Idle air or gas pumping vacuum pump extraction low concentration gas enter dust-removing desulfurating apparatus (1) carry out desulfurization and dedusting pretreatment, Pretreated idle air or low concentration gas are then sent to gas fractionation unit (2) and remove partial oxidation, remove part oxygen The anode air flue that idle air or low concentration gas after gas subsequently enter solid oxide fuel cell (3) participates in electrochemical reaction, Simultaneously electrochemical reaction, soild oxide combustion are participated in the cathode air flue of solid oxide fuel cell (3) conveying outside air Material battery (3) outwardly exports direct current realization and the chemical energy of idle air or low concentration gas is converted into electric energy.
  2. A kind of 2. direct generation of electricity method using idle air or low concentration gas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute State dust-removing desulfurating apparatus (1) the hydrogen sulfide gas content in idle air or low concentration gas is reduced to 10ppm hereinafter, by idle air or Dust content in low concentration gas is reduced to 5mg/m3Below.
  3. 3. a kind of direct generation of electricity method using idle air or low concentration gas according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist Partial oxidation is detached from idle air or low concentration gas by UF membrane or pressure-variable adsorption in, the gas fractionation unit (2) It goes out, it is 0.3~1 to make the volume ratio in the idle air after separation or low concentration gas between oxygen and methane, and weary after separation Oxygen volume content is not higher than 12% in wind or low concentration gas.
  4. 4. a kind of direct generation of electricity method using idle air or low concentration gas according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist In the running temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell (3) is 650 DEG C~800 DEG C.
  5. 5. a kind of direct generation of electricity method using idle air or low concentration gas according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist In the solid oxide fuel cell (3) is using Ni base anodes.
  6. 6. a kind of direct generation of electricity system using idle air or low concentration gas, which is characterized in that including Mine Ventilator or gas Extraction vacuum pump, desulfation dust-extraction device (1), gas fractionation unit (2) and solid oxide fuel cell (3), the mine lead to Wind turbine or gas pumping vacuum pump are connect with desulfation dust-extraction device (1), and desulfation dust-extraction device (1) connects with gas fractionation unit (2) It connects, gas fractionation unit (2) is connect with solid oxide fuel cell (3).
CN201711261254.9A 2017-12-04 2017-12-04 Direct power generation method and system by utilizing ventilation air methane or low-concentration gas Active CN108232206B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110661014A (en) * 2019-08-21 2020-01-07 中国矿业大学 Efficient low-concentration gas power generation system and control method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050235615A1 (en) * 2001-04-11 2005-10-27 William Nyman Filter assemblies and systems for intake air for fuel cells
CN102562131A (en) * 2010-12-24 2012-07-11 上海攀极投资有限公司 Coal mine gas comprehensive application system and application method thereof
CN103545884A (en) * 2013-10-14 2014-01-29 北京扬德环境科技有限公司 Wet-type chemical gas-combustion power generation process
CN104064788A (en) * 2014-06-18 2014-09-24 河南理工大学 Fuel battery thermoelectric cascade system capable of increasing energy utilization rate of coal bed gas
CN204289612U (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-22 刘长春 The weary gas fuel cell of mine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050235615A1 (en) * 2001-04-11 2005-10-27 William Nyman Filter assemblies and systems for intake air for fuel cells
CN102562131A (en) * 2010-12-24 2012-07-11 上海攀极投资有限公司 Coal mine gas comprehensive application system and application method thereof
CN103545884A (en) * 2013-10-14 2014-01-29 北京扬德环境科技有限公司 Wet-type chemical gas-combustion power generation process
CN104064788A (en) * 2014-06-18 2014-09-24 河南理工大学 Fuel battery thermoelectric cascade system capable of increasing energy utilization rate of coal bed gas
CN204289612U (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-22 刘长春 The weary gas fuel cell of mine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110661014A (en) * 2019-08-21 2020-01-07 中国矿业大学 Efficient low-concentration gas power generation system and control method thereof
CN110661014B (en) * 2019-08-21 2022-02-08 中国矿业大学 Efficient low-concentration gas power generation system and control method thereof

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