CN108229092A - Increase liquid phase chemical and the atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm of wet deposition process - Google Patents
Increase liquid phase chemical and the atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm of wet deposition process Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
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- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0062—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method, e.g. intermittent, or the display, e.g. digital
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithms for increasing liquid phase chemical and wet deposition process, its chemical model based on CALGRID, under the premise of the influence for considering Atmospheric Chemistry reaction, atmospheric transport and dispersion, sedimentation, ground face source and overhead emission source, continue pollutant concentration variation item caused by introducing liquid-phase chemistry and wet deposition process, not only preferably simulated including SO so as to increase the CALGRID of sexual intercourse chemical process2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5Deng conventional primary pollution, secondary pollution, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium salt, black carbon, organic carbon etc. have also well simulated the wet deposition amount of S, N.Improved CALGRID patterns have high-resolution, high-timeliness, can conveniently and efficiently provide the response relation between source and receptor, as a result reliably.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to changing for air environmental pollution analyte detection technical field more particularly to Mesoscale photochemical pollution
Into type prediction model.
Background technology
Air quality model is a series of objects such as transmission, diffusion, conversion and removing after atmospheric environment is discharged into pollutant
On the basis of the understanding of reason and chemical process, using the research method and computer technology of the subjects such as meteorology, environment, physics, chemistry,
The method of air concentration distribution of pollutants situation and variation tendency on simulation and forecast different spaces scale is realized, in air quality
Forecast, Air Pollution Control, Environmental Planning and Management, urban construction and public health etc. have important practical application valency
Value has vast potential for future development.
CALGRID is developed by the ARB (Air Resources Board) of California, USA, is the mesoscale of Euler's type
Atmospheric photochemical model has better effects for the simulation of secondary pollution such as ozone, is primarily adapted for use under the conditions of clear sky
Photochemically reactive simulation contains atmospheric transport and dispersion, gas-phase chemical reaction, the point upper thread source of anthropogenic discharge, dry deposition
Etc. processes.
With the progress faster of urbanization and the fast development of social economy, with acid rain, photochemical pollution, gray haze pollutant
The air combined pollution that superposition is characterized that intercouples becomes the more and more prominent atmospheric environment problem in China.In recent years, it is right
The Forming Mechanism and synthesis of the regional atmospheric combined pollution of the key cities such as Jing-jin-ji region, Yangtze River Delta, Delta of the Pearl River group are anti-
The research controlled is the hot issue of China environmental protection research.It is therefore desirable to air quality model can be to various air pollutants
(trace gas, aerosol etc.) under different scale (region, city etc.) different type pollution course (gas phase, liquid phase, it is non-
Phase) it is simulated.In order to preferably utilize CALGRID models that the gas chemistry process of trace gas, aerosol is appreciated and understood
Microphysical chemical process and liquid-phase chemistry provide theories integration with improvement for the regulation and control of air combined pollution, need
CALGRID will can not only be simulated and be solved the problems, such as the ozone pollution related with gas-phase chemical reaction, can also rationally describe aerosol
Physical and chemical process, liquid-phase chemistry and the wet deposition process related with precipitation in sexual intercourse water.
CALGRID patterns lack to the liquid-phase chemistry in sexual intercourse water and the wet deposition process related with precipitation
Description.Liquid phase chemical and wet removing in air are the important components of Atmospheric Chemistry, all related with cloud and precipitation.Cloud and drop
The cyclic process of conveying, conversion and removing of the water to the minimum gas in air and suspended particles in an atmosphere plays important work
With being mainly manifested in：(1) pollutant is made effectively to be mixed in cloud there are strong rising and down draft in cumulus；(2)
The absorption of water dust and raindrop to gaseous pollutant and the removing to particulate generate wet deposition；(3) pollutant is by water dust
A series of dissolving, ionization and liquid phase oxidation reaction will occur after being absorbed with raindrop wherein.CALGRID wants accurate simulation big
The concentration of polluted gas and particulate matter component in gas, it is necessary to include above-mentioned cloud and precipitation chemistry process.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of air for increasing liquid phase chemical and wet deposition process
POLLUTION SIMULATION prediction algorithm.
In order to solve the above technical problems, present invention employs following technical schemes：A kind of increase liquid phase chemical and wet deposition
The atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm of process, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Chemical model based on CALGRID considers Atmospheric Chemistry reaction, atmospheric transport and dispersion, sedimentation, ground
Face source and the influence of overhead emission source, and pollutant concentration variation item caused by introducing liquid-phase chemistry and wet deposition process,
Chemical species concentration equation of change such as formula (1) is obtained,
On the right side of formula (1) in multinomial, first itemFor second order DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE item, Section 2For diffusion
, Section 3 (P-L)GASChange item, Section 4 CHEM for gas chemistryaqBecome for pollutant concentration caused by liquid-phase chemistry
Change item, Section 5 EANTFor artificial discharge of pollutant sources item, Section 6Change for the species concentration as caused by dry deposition, the
SevenChange for the species concentration as caused by wet deposition；Wherein, C is chemical species mean concentration, and V is three-dimensional wind vector
Average magnitude, K is turbulent diffusivity, in formula, second order DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE itemIt is closed by turbulent diffusivity K theories
Conversion obtains；
Step 2：Liquid-phase chemistry in its cloud, n+1 are considered to three kinds of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide substances
The material concentration of moment substance liquid phase in cloud is solved by formula (2)：
Cn+1,i=(1- Δs t × Nz×Ka)×Cn (2)
CnThe material concentration of substance liquid phase in cloud during for the n moment, Δ t is integrates time step, NzFor total amount of cloud, KaFor liquid phase
Chemical conversion rate；
Step 3：Species concentration caused by wet deposition is changed, the species of consideration include nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, two
Sulfur oxide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, PM10, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium salt, OC, EC, SOA, obtained first by empirical equation (3) wet clear
Removal rates Kw：
In formula (3), PrFor precipitation rate, a and b are empirical；
Then, concentration of the species at n+1 moment after wet reset procedure is obtained by formula (4)：
Cn+1,i=(1- Δs t × Kw)×Cn (4)
In formula, Cn+1Represent the pollutant concentration at current time, CnRepresent the pollutant concentration at upper moment, Δ t represents integration
Time step, KwFor wet clearance rate；
And in precipitation, the wet clearing amount of each pollutant is asked for by formula (5)：
In formula (5),For the wet deposition amount of n+1 moment time steps,For the wet heavy of n moment time steps
Drop amount, KwFor wet clearance rate, CnRepresent the pollutant concentration at upper moment, Δ Z indicates the pattern level of precipitation.
Further, the value of the empirical a and b in step 3 in the solution formula (3) of the rate of settling are as follows：
For SO2, when in summer, the value of a and b are respectively 0.14 and 0.12；When in spring or autumn, a
Value with b is respectively 0.036 and 0.53；When in winter, the value of a and b are respectively 0.009 and 0.70；
For SO4 2-, when in summer, the value of a and b are respectively 0.39 and 0.06；When in spring or autumn, a
Value with b is respectively 0.091 and 0.27；When in winter, the value of a and b are respectively 0.021 and 0.70.
Further, for NO and NO2Wet clearance rate value, be SO2Wet clearance rate a quarter.
Further, for HNO3The value of wet clearance rate is SO2Wet clearance rate half.
Further, for NO3 -、NH4 +Wet clearance rate value, with SO4 2-Wet clearance rate it is equal.
Further, for PM10Wet clearance rate is asked for, and empirical a and b value is respectively 1.26 Hes in formula (3)
0.79。
Further, for OC, EC and SOA wet clearance rate value, be taken as PM10The two of the value of wet clearance rate/
One.
Scheme explanation
Fig. 1 (a) is that the nested grid of pattern of the embodiment of the present invention sets schematic diagram；
Fig. 1 (b) is simulated domain of the embodiment of the present invention and its topographic map；
Fig. 2 is the groundlevel concentration of the Delta of Pearl River ozone in 2006 obtained using simulation and forecast algorithm of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 (a) is the PM25 particulate matters of the Delta of Pearl River in 2006 obtained using simulation and forecast algorithm of the present invention
Groundlevel concentration distribution map；
Fig. 3 (b) is the sulphate particle of the Delta of Pearl River in 2006 obtained using simulation and forecast algorithm of the present invention
The groundlevel concentration distribution map of object；
Fig. 3 (c) is the nitrate granules of the Delta of Pearl River in 2006 obtained using simulation and forecast algorithm of the present invention
The groundlevel concentration distribution map of object；
Fig. 3 (d) is the ammonium salt particulate matter of the Delta of Pearl River in 2006 obtained using simulation and forecast algorithm of the present invention
Groundlevel concentration distribution map；
Fig. 4 (a) is the N sedimentation spirograms of the Delta of Pearl River in 2006 obtained using simulation and forecast algorithm of the present invention；
Fig. 4 (b) is the S sedimentation spirograms of the Delta of Pearl River in 2006 obtained using simulation and forecast algorithm of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and with specific embodiment, the present invention is furture elucidated.It should be understood that these embodiments are only used for
It the bright present invention rather than limits the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to of the invention
The modification of various equivalent forms falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
Increase liquid phase chemical and the atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm of wet deposition process, include the following steps：
Step 1：Chemical model based on CALGRID considers Atmospheric Chemistry reaction, atmospheric transport and dispersion, sedimentation, ground
Face source and the influence of overhead emission source, and pollutant concentration variation item caused by introducing liquid-phase chemistry and wet deposition process,
Chemical species concentration equation of change such as formula (1) is obtained,
On the right side of formula (1) in multinomial, first itemFor second order DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE item, Section 2For diffusion
, Section 3 (P-L)GASChange item, Section 4 CHEM for gas chemistryaqBecome for pollutant concentration caused by liquid-phase chemistry
Change item, Section 5 EANTFor artificial discharge of pollutant sources item, Section 6Change for the species concentration as caused by dry deposition, the
SevenChange for the species concentration as caused by wet deposition；Wherein, C is chemical species mean concentration, and V is three-dimensional wind vector
Average magnitude, K is turbulent diffusivity, in formula, second order DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE itemIt is closed by turbulent diffusivity K theories
Conversion obtains.Mainly pollutant concentration changes item CHEM caused by liquid-phase chemistry belowaqWith the object as caused by wet deposition
Kind concentration variation itemCarry out solution explanation：
CHEMaqEmploy simplified method, to nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), it examines
Consider liquid-phase chemistry in its cloud：If there is cloud, convert by a certain percentage.Wherein, the liquid phase chemical conversion ratio of sulfur dioxide takes
For 10% per hour, the liquid phase chemical conversion ratio of nitrogen oxides (nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide) is taken as 10% per hour daytime,
Night takes 2% per hour.In this way, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO in air2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration variation
It can be expressed as：
Cn+1=(1- Δs t × Nz×Ka)×Cn (2)
(2) in formula, Cn+1Represent pollutant (NO, the NO at current time2And SO2) concentration, CnRepresent the pollutant at upper moment
Concentration, Δ t represent integration time step, NzRepresent total amount of cloud, KaRepresent liquid phase chemical conversion ratio.
For wet removing, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric acid (HNO are considered3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4)、PM10、
Sulfate (SO4 2-), nitrate (NO3 -), ammonium salt (NH4 +), the wet reset procedure of OC, EC, SOA etc., using simplified processing side
Method introduces wet clearance rate Kw.Empirically formula indicates：
Kw=a × Prb (3)
(3) in formula, PrFor precipitation rate (mm/hr), exported by Meteorological Models.A, b is empirical, for SO2And SO4 2-,
A, b values are shown in Table 1.NO and NO2Wet clearance rate be taken as SO2Wet clearance rate a quarter, HNO3Take SO2Two/
One, NO3 -、NH4 +It takes and SO4 2-It is equal.PM10A, b value take 1.26 and 0.79.The wet clearance rate of OC, EC and SOA are taken as PM10
Half.
1 SO of table2And SO4 2-Wet clearance rate calculation formula in a, b value
Then, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, PM in air10, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium salt,
OC, EC, SOA etc. can be calculated via the concentration after wet deposition process by following formula,
Cn+1=(1- Δs t × Kw)×Cn (4)
(4) in formula, Cn+1Represent the pollutant concentration at current time, CnRepresent the pollutant concentration at upper moment, Δ t is represented
Integrate time step, KwFor wet clearance rate.And in precipitation, the wet clearing amount of each pollutant is：
(5) in formula,The wet deposition amount of current time step and next time step, K are represented respectivelywIt is wet
Clearance rate, CnRepresent the pollutant concentration at upper moment, Δ Z indicates the pattern level of precipitation.It is that the application present invention calculates below
The specific embodiment of method：
The liquid phase chemical of above-mentioned simplification and the algorithm of wet deposition are applied in CALGRID, to the Delta of the Pearl River in 2006
Area major pollutants and S, N sedimentation simulated, examine model long-play stability and result it is effective
Property.The simulation period of selection is whole year in 2006.The simulated domain (21.8N~24N112.16E~114.82E) of selection includes
10 areas such as Guangdong Province Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhuhai, Dongguan, middle mountain, Huizhou, Qingyuan City, Zhaoqing, Jiangmen and Hong Kong, Macao
Two special administrative regions.Meteorological field is provided by Mesoscale Meteorology WRF, shares four layers of nesting, and the nested region of innermost layer is
The simulated domain of air quality model.Fig. 1 is shown in specific grid setting.Used source emission inventory be ZhangQiang and
The East Asia Region source emission data in 2006 of D.G.Streets etc., spatial resolution 0.5o。
Fig. 2 is the O of simulation3Average annual concentration, it is seen that the concentration of most area is in 45 μ g/m3Left and right, great Zhi areas concentration surpass
Cross 70 μ g/m3, the larger region of concentration is in one band of Guangzhou Foshan.Comparing Delta of the Pearl River air quality observation report in 2006 can
Know, the concentration that area source-receptor response model is simulated is close with observed result, and (most area concentration value is in 40~50 μ
g/m3Left and right, big value is in 70 μ g/m3Left and right).
Fig. 3 gives the groundlevel concentration distribution of the particulate matter of simulation, it is seen that the larger area distribution of concentration is in Guangzhou, Foshan
PM in a generation, with Delta of the Pearl River air quality observation report in 200610Distribution it is similar.Table 2 gives monitoring station and mould
The average value in each website each month of formula simulation, GZ1 refer to Lu Hu parks (Guangzhou), and GZ2 refers to ten thousand hectares of sand (Guangzhou), and GZ3 refers to a day lake
(Guangzhou), ZH refer to Tang Jia (Zhuhai), and FS1 refers to Shuande Party school (Foshan), and FS2 refers to Hui Jingcheng (Foshan), and ZQ refers in city (Zhaoqing), HZ
Refer to lower Pu (Huizhou), HK refers to Tsuen Wan (Hong Kong).It can be seen that error is smaller between simulation and observation.
Table 2-1 Guangdong and Hongkong Delta of the Pearl River regional air monitoring network portion website PM10Monitoring materials
Table 2-2 CALGRID pattern look-up tables part lattice point PM10Concentration
Fig. 4 is the spatial distribution of S, N sedimentation of simulation, it is seen that its distribution has corresponded to SO2, NH3And sulfate, nitrate,
The spatial distribution of ammonium salt.The result of CALGRID simulations is so preferable that have reacted the sedimentations of S and N compounds.
Generally, the CALGRID for increasing sexual intercourse chemical process not only preferably simulates conventional primary pollution
(SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5Deng), secondary pollution (O3Deng), sulfate (SO4 2-), nitrate (NO3 -), ammonium salt (NH4 +), black carbon
(BC), organic carbon (OC) etc. has also well simulated the wet deposition amount of S, N.Improved CALGRID patterns have high-resolution
Rate, high-timeliness can conveniently and efficiently provide the response relation between source and receptor, as a result reliably.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm for increasing liquid phase chemical and wet deposition process, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1：Chemical model based on CALGRID considers Atmospheric Chemistry reaction, atmospheric transport and dispersion, sedimentation, ground face source
With the influence of overhead emission source, and pollutant concentration variation item caused by introducing liquid-phase chemistry and wet deposition process obtains
Chemical species concentration equation of change such as formula (1),
On the right side of formula (1) in multinomial, first itemFor second order DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE item, Section 2For diffusion term,
Three (P-L)GASChange item, Section 4 CHEM for gas chemistryaqChange item for pollutant concentration caused by liquid-phase chemistry,
Section 5 EANTFor artificial discharge of pollutant sources item, Section 6Change for the species concentration as caused by dry deposition, Section 7Change for the species concentration as caused by wet deposition；Wherein, C is chemical species mean concentration, and V is the flat of three-dimensional wind vector
Measuring, K is turbulent diffusivity, in formula, second order DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE itemIt is closed and converted by turbulent diffusivity K theories
It obtains；
Step 2：Liquid-phase chemistry in its cloud, n+1 moment are considered to three kinds of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide substances
The material concentration of substance liquid phase in cloud is solved by formula (2)：
Cn+1,i=(1- Δs t × Nz×Ka)×Cn (2)
CnThe material concentration of substance liquid phase in cloud during for the n moment, Δ t is integrates time step, NzFor total amount of cloud, KaFor liquid phase chemical
Conversion ratio；
Step 3：Species concentration caused by wet deposition is changed, the species of consideration include nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, titanium dioxide
Sulphur, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, PM10, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium salt, OC, EC, SOA, first pass through empirical equation (3) obtain it is wet remove speed
Rate Kw：
In formula (3), PrFor precipitation rate, a and b are empirical；
Then, concentration of the species at n+1 moment after wet reset procedure is obtained by formula (4)：
Cn+1,i=(1- Δs t × Kw)×Cn (4)
In formula, Cn+1Represent the pollutant concentration at current time, CnRepresenting the pollutant concentration at upper moment, Δ t represents integration time step,
KwFor wet clearance rate；
And in precipitation, the wet clearing amount of each pollutant is asked for by formula (5)：
In formula (5),For the wet deposition amount of n+1 moment time steps,For the wet deposition amount of n moment time steps,
KwFor wet clearance rate, CnRepresent the pollutant concentration at upper moment, Δ Z indicates the pattern level of precipitation.
2. increase liquid phase chemical and the atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm of wet deposition process, feature according to claim 1
It is：The value of empirical a and b in step 3 in the solution formula (3) of the rate of settling are as follows：
For SO2, when in summer, the value of a and b are respectively 0.14 and 0.12；When in spring or autumn, a and b's
Value is respectively 0.036 and 0.53；When in winter, the value of a and b are respectively 0.009 and 0.70；
For SO4 2-, when in summer, the value of a and b are respectively 0.39 and 0.06；When in spring or autumn, a and b
Value be respectively 0.091 and 0.27；When in winter, the value of a and b are respectively 0.021 and 0.70.
3. increase liquid phase chemical and the atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm of wet deposition process, feature according to claim 2
It is：For NO and NO2Wet clearance rate value, be SO2Wet clearance rate a quarter.
4. increase liquid phase chemical and the atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm of wet deposition process, feature according to claim 2
It is：For HNO3The value of wet clearance rate is SO2Wet clearance rate half.
5. increase liquid phase chemical and the atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm of wet deposition process, feature according to claim 2
It is：For NO3 -、NH4 +Wet clearance rate value, with SO4 2-Wet clearance rate it is equal.
6. increase liquid phase chemical and the atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm of wet deposition process, feature according to claim 2
It is：For PM10Wet clearance rate is asked for, and empirical a and b value is respectively 1.26 and 0.79 in formula (3).
7. increase liquid phase chemical and the atmospheric pollution simulation prediction algorithm of wet deposition process, feature according to claim 6
It is：：For the value of the wet clearance rate of OC, EC and SOA, it is taken as PM10The half of the value of wet clearance rate.
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| CN111157038A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Measuring and calculating method for measuring pollutant discharge amount in to-be-measured area |
| CN112036036A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-04 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method for acquiring glacier black carbon concentration change process |
| CN112036036B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-03-02 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method for acquiring glacier black carbon concentration change process |
| CN112861327A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-05-28 | 山东大学 | Atmospheric chemical overall process online analysis system for atmospheric super station |
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