CN108225895B - Uniaxial tension rigid accompanying device - Google Patents

Uniaxial tension rigid accompanying device Download PDF

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CN108225895B
CN108225895B CN201810088939.6A CN201810088939A CN108225895B CN 108225895 B CN108225895 B CN 108225895B CN 201810088939 A CN201810088939 A CN 201810088939A CN 108225895 B CN108225895 B CN 108225895B
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rigid
test piece
plate
accompanying
rigidity
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CN108225895A (en
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郭力
张瑞
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a rigid accompanying drawing device for uniaxial drawing, which comprises a lower rigid plate, wherein a plurality of rigid accompanying drawing assemblies are fixedly connected onto the lower rigid plate; the device also comprises a test piece upper connecting plate and a test piece lower connecting plate, wherein the test piece lower connecting plate is fixed on the lower rigid plate, and the test piece upper connecting plate is fixed on the upper rigid plate in series with the lower dowel bar, the pull pressure sensor and the upper force component; each rigid accompanying pull assembly comprises two rigid accompanying pull rods fixedly connected with the upper rigid plate and the lower rigid plate respectively and a replaceable pull component connected with the two rigid accompanying pull rods; the testing machine clamps the upper and lower stretching clamping rods to stretch, the rigidity accompanying stretching device for uniaxial stretching and the test piece are stressed and deformed together, after the deformation of the test piece exceeds the peak strain, the rigidity change of the whole device is weak due to the existence of the rigidity accompanying stretching assembly, and at the moment, the release of the elastic energy of the testing machine is very small.

Description

Uniaxial tension rigid accompanying device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rigidity loading device, in particular to a rigidity accompanying pulling device for uniaxial stretching, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering.
Background
When uniaxial tensile test is carried out on brittle materials such as concrete and rock, the common testing machine stores larger elastic energy due to deformation of a steel frame of the testing machine and compression deformation of pressure oil in a hydraulic oil cylinder, so that a test piece is brittle after the test piece reaches ultimate strength, and the test research on cracks in a subsequent softening stage cannot be carried out.
The mode that can solve this kind of problem at present mainly adopts (1) rigidity testing machine (2) rigidity test frame (3) closed loop electricity liquid servo test machine. Wherein, rigidity test frame is because of its being applicable to most mechanical testing machine, and the test cost is lower, is widely adopted, but also has the following problem in the use: (1) the test result of the softening stage after the peak stress of the brittle test piece is greatly influenced by the rigidity of the test device; (2) brittle test pieces such as concrete, rock and the like have small ultimate tensile strain, and whether tensile centering has large influence on the result, so that the installation of the test piece before tensile has high requirements on devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems that the conventional common testing machine is easy to cause brittle fracture of a test piece and cannot test the descending section of a stress-strain curve of the test piece, the invention provides the uniaxial tension rigid accompanying device.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a rigid accompanying drawing device for uniaxial drawing, which comprises a lower rigid plate, wherein a plurality of rigid accompanying drawing assemblies are fixedly connected onto the lower rigid plate; the device also comprises a test piece upper connecting plate and a test piece lower connecting plate, wherein the test piece lower connecting plate is fixed on the lower rigid plate, and the test piece upper connecting plate is fixed on the upper rigid plate in series with the lower dowel bar, the pull pressure sensor and the upper force component; each sexual accompanying pull assembly comprises two rigid accompanying pull rods fixedly connected with the upper rigid plate and the lower rigid plate respectively and a replaceable pull component connected with the two rigid accompanying pull rods; the testing machine clamps the upper and lower stretching clamping rods for stretching, the rigidity accompanying and stretching device for uniaxial stretching and the test piece are stressed and deformed together, after the deformation of the test piece exceeds the peak value strain, the rigidity change of the whole device is weak due to the existence of the rigidity accompanying and stretching assembly, and at the moment, the release of elastic energy is very small.
Preferably, the surface of the rigid tie rod is provided with threads, the upper rigid plate and the lower rigid plate are provided with holes matched with the rigid tie rod in size, and the rigid tie rod is fixed with the upper rigid plate and the lower rigid plate through pre-tightening bolts. On one hand, the rigid tie rod can be conveniently and fixedly installed in a centering mode, and on the other hand, the fixing mode can realize coarse adjustment of the gap of the device so as to adapt to different test piece sizes.
Furthermore, the surface of the replaceable stretching component is provided with threads, the rigid tie rod is provided with a screw hole matched with the replaceable stretching component in size, and the rigid tie rod and the replaceable stretching component are fixed through a pre-tightening bolt. The centering fixed mounting of removable tensile part can be made things convenient for equally, and can realize further fine setting to the device clearance, reduces the influence that test piece size deviation brought.
In addition, for the centering of convenience test piece, can be equipped with the recess with the upper and lower both ends adaptation of test piece on test piece upper junction plate and the test piece lower junction plate respectively, when adopting structure to glue etc. and paste fixed test piece, this recess can guarantee that the structure glues and fully bonds with the test piece.
In order to reduce the influence of rigidity degradation in the softening stage of a test piece on the overall rigidity of the system, the rigidity K of the rigidity accompanying pulling device for uniaxial tension is adoptedTThe following conditions should be satisfied:
Figure BDA0001563162260000021
and K isT≥5KC；
In the formula, KA1Representing the total stiffness of a multi-rigid companion pull assembly, KA2Represents the total stiffness of the replaceable tensile member in a plurality of rigid companion tension assemblies, both of which can be represented by
Figure BDA0001563162260000022
To calculate, EAIs the modulus of elasticity of the material, AACorresponding cross-sectional areas for rigid tie rods or replaceable tension members, /)AThe corresponding effective bearing length of the rigid tie rod or the replaceable tensile component; kBThe method comprises the steps of obtaining a conversion rigidity after considering rigidity loss at the connecting position of each component on the basis of serial rigidity of a tension pressure sensor and a test piece upper connecting plate, an upper force transmission component and a lower force transmission rod which are connected with the tension pressure sensor; kCRepresenting the stiffness of the test piece to be stretched.
Further, KBAnd KCShould be at least greater than 5 so as to reduce the effect of the release of elastic energy from this portion on the test piece.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: (1) according to the rigidity accompanying pulling device for uniaxial tension, the rigidity accompanying pulling assembly consisting of the rigidity accompanying pulling rod and the replaceable tension rod piece is adopted, so that the release of the elastic energy of the testing machine can be greatly reduced in the rigidity loading test process; moreover, the tensile rigidity of the device can be changed to adapt to different tensile test pieces and different rigidity change requirements; (2) the rigid accompany-pulling device for uniaxial tension considers the requirement of gap adjustment, can adapt to different test piece sizes, and simultaneously reduces the influence of the size deviation of the test piece on the test; (3) the grooves or holes matched with each other are designed at the connecting positions of all the parts of the uniaxial tension rigid accompanying device, so that the device is convenient to install, the centering of a tension test piece is facilitated, and the possibility of eccentric loading of the system on the test piece is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a uniaxially-stretched rigid companion pulling device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a uniaxially-stretched rigid companion pulling device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a uniaxially-stretched rigid companion pulling device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A;
fig. 5 is a simplified model diagram of the stiffness of the uniaxially-stretched rigid companion pulling device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the rigid tie-pulling device for uniaxial stretching of the present invention includes a lower rigid plate 1, a plurality of rigid tie-pulling assemblies fixedly connected thereon, and an upper rigid plate 10 fixedly connected above the rigid tie-pulling assemblies; each group of rigid accompanying pulling components comprises two rigid accompanying pulling rods 3 and replaceable pulling parts 4 for connecting the two rigid accompanying pulling rods 3, wherein the two rigid accompanying pulling rods 3 are fixedly connected with the upper rigid plate 10 and the lower rigid plate 1 respectively.
The rigidity companion of this uniaxial tension draws the apparatus also includes the test piece fixing part used for fixing the tensile test piece 5, it includes upper junction plate 6 of test piece and lower junction plate 2 of test piece, the lower junction plate 2 of test piece can be processed by the blind flange, the bolt is fixed on lower rigid plate 1; the test piece upper connecting plate 6 is fixed on an upper rigid plate 10 in series with a lower dowel bar 7, a tension and pressure sensor 8 and an upper force transfer component 9 in sequence, so that the tensile test piece 5 can be fixed in a bearing frame defined by the upper and lower rigid plates.
The rigidity accompanying drawing device for uniaxial drawing further comprises an upper drawing clamping rod 11 and a lower drawing clamping rod 11 which are respectively fixed on the upper rigid plate 10 and the lower rigid plate 1, a testing machine draws the upper drawing clamping rod 11 and the lower drawing clamping rod 11 after clamping the upper drawing clamping rod and the lower drawing clamping rod, the rigidity accompanying drawing device for uniaxial drawing and a test piece are stressed and drawn together, after the deformation of the test piece exceeds peak strain, the rigidity change of the whole device is weak due to the existence of the rigidity accompanying drawing assembly, at the moment, the release of elastic energy is small, and therefore the test piece can be prevented from being brittle failure due to the fact that the test piece bears large elastic energy. In addition, as the rigidity accompanying drawing device is provided with the replaceable drawing part 4, the replaceable drawing part 4 with different rigidity can be adopted for drawing test pieces with different rigidity, thereby changing the tensile rigidity of the whole device and enabling the device to adapt to the rigidity change requirement of the drawing test pieces.
In order to enable the uniaxial tension rigid accompanying drawing device to be suitable for test pieces with different sizes, the surface of the rigid accompanying drawing rod 3 is provided with threads, threaded holes matched with the rigid accompanying drawing rod 3 in size are formed in the upper rigid plate 10 and the lower rigid plate 1, and the rigid accompanying drawing rod 3 is fixed on the upper rigid plate 10 and the lower rigid plate 1 through pre-tightening bolts. The fixing mode enables the distance between the upper rigid plate 10 and the lower rigid plate 1 to be adjustable, so that the coarse adjustment of the device clearance is realized, and the device can adapt to different test piece sizes.
Meanwhile, the side, connected with the replaceable tensile component 4, of the rigid tie rod 3 can also be provided with a screw hole, the surface of the replaceable tensile component 4 is provided with threads, and the threaded holes are fixed on the pair of rigid tie rods 3 through pretightening bolts, so that the gap of the device can be further finely adjusted, and the influence caused by the size deviation of a test piece is reduced.
In order to facilitate the installation of the test piece 5, grooves can be arranged on the test piece upper connecting plate 6 and the test piece lower connecting plate 2, and the grooves are matched with the sizes of the upper end part and the lower end part of the test piece 5; in addition, the upper force transmission component 9 and the test piece lower connecting plate 2 are provided with threaded holes which can be fixed on the upper and lower rigid plates. After the test piece is fixed, groove cores on the upper test piece connecting plate 6 and the lower test piece connecting plate 2 are positioned on the symmetrical axis of the tensile clamping rod, and threaded holes on the upper force transmission part 9 and the lower test piece connecting plate 2 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the symmetrical axis of the tensile clamping rod. The operation can facilitate the centering of the test piece, reduce the possibility of eccentric loading of the test piece, and ensure that the structural adhesive is fully bonded with the test piece when the structural adhesive and the like are adopted to adhere and fix the test piece.
The rigid tie rod 3 is used as a main component for improving the system rigidity, metal materials such as alloy steel with high elastic modulus and the like are preferably adopted, and the rigid tie rod with a large cross section is selected as much as possible according to the material of the tensile test piece in a range allowed by the test space and the weight of the test stand so as to improve the system rigidity.
The replaceable tensile member 4 on the rigid companion pull rod 3 is generally cylindrical, and the diameter thereof is selected according to the rigidity of the test piece as a main component for adjusting the gap of the test device and the rigidity of the system. During the stretching process, the component is ensured to be in a linear elastic working state so as to be used repeatedly.
The upper and lower tension bars 11 are preferably made of high strength material to ensure that the diameter of the tension bar does not exceed the allowable range of the clamp of the tester and the stress is in the elastic range during the tension process.
The stiffness simplified model of the rigid uniaxial tension companion device of the present invention is schematically illustrated in fig. 5, wherein:
KA1representing the stiffness of four rigid groups of tie rods 3, KA2Representing the stiffness of the interchangeable tension members 4 attached to four sets of rigid tie rods 3, both of which may be of the formula
Figure BDA0001563162260000041
Is calculated, wherein EAIs the modulus of elasticity of the material, AACorresponding cross-sectional areas, l, for rigid tie rods 3 or exchangeable tension elements 4AThe corresponding effective bearing length for the rigid tie rod 3 or the replaceable tension member 4; kBThe serial rigidity of the tension and pressure sensor 8 and the test piece upper connecting plate 6, the upper force transmission part 9 and the lower force transmission rod 7 connected with the tension and pressure sensor is represented, and the converted rigidity is obtained after the rigidity loss caused by the bolt connection at the connecting position of each part and the structural adhesive and the like bonded at the positions of the tension test piece, the test piece upper connecting plate and the test piece lower connecting plate is considered; kCRepresenting the stiffness of the tensile specimen 5, so that the stiffness of the entire uniaxial tensile stiffness accompany-drawing device
Figure BDA0001563162260000042
The value of which is much greater than KC(KT≥5KC) Therefore, the influence of rigidity degradation of the test piece in the softening stage on the overall rigidity of the system can be ignored, and K is also paid attention toBAnd KCRatio of (A) to (B), KBAnd KCShould be at leastGreater than 5 to reduce the effect of the release of elastic energy from this portion on the test piece.
The mounting and implementation of the rigid tie-pulling device for uniaxial stretching of the invention mainly comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a proper rigid tie rod 3 and a replaceable tensile component 4 according to the size, the rigidity and the test strain section of the tensile test piece 5, and preliminarily assembling the rigid tie rod 3 and the replaceable tensile component 4;
2) assembling the rigid tie rod piece 3 and the replaceable stretching component 4 which are assembled preliminarily with the upper rigid plate 10 and the lower rigid plate 1;
3) fixing a tensile test piece 5, a test piece upper connecting plate 6 and a test piece lower connecting plate 2 together, then installing and fixing the test piece lower connecting plate 2 on a lower rigid plate 1 through bolts, fixing an upper force transmission part 9 on an upper rigid plate 10 through bolts, and connecting the upper force transmission part with a tension pressure sensor 8;
4) connecting a lower dowel bar 7 with an upper connecting plate 2 and a tension pressure sensor 8 of a test piece, and adjusting four groups of rigid tie rods 3 and replaceable tensile parts 4 connected with the same simultaneously in the process to ensure that an upper rigid plate 10 and a lower rigid plate 1 are always in a parallel state;
5) connecting a tension pressure sensor 8 for data test, pre-tightening bolts of all components, pre-tightening bolts at the rigid tie rod 3 and the replaceable tension component 4 connected with the rigid tie rod, reducing the gap until the pressure occurs in the sensor so as to ensure that a tension test piece is in a compression state, and pre-tightening bolts at the joints of other components so as to prevent tensile stress;
6) and placing the assembled uniaxial tensile rigid accompanying tensile device on a testing machine, clamping the upper and lower tensile clamping rods 11 by the testing machine for tensile test, and paying attention to the fact that the tensile force of the testing machine is smaller than the yield force of the tensile clamping rods 11 and the yield force of the replaceable pull rod part 4 at the same time in the testing process so as to protect the testing device.

Claims (6)

1. A rigid accompanying drawing device for uniaxial drawing comprises a lower rigid plate, a plurality of rigid accompanying drawing assemblies fixedly connected to the lower rigid plate, an upper rigid plate fixedly connected to the upper part of each rigid accompanying drawing assembly, and an upper drawing clamping rod and a lower drawing clamping rod respectively fixed to the upper rigid plate and the lower rigid plate; the device also comprises a test piece upper connecting plate and a test piece lower connecting plate, wherein the test piece lower connecting plate is fixed on the lower rigid plate, and the test piece upper connecting plate is fixed on the upper rigid plate in series with the lower dowel bar, the pull pressure sensor and the upper force component; the rigid accompanying pulling component is characterized in that each rigid accompanying pulling component comprises two rigid accompanying pulling rods which are respectively fixedly connected with the upper rigid plate and the lower rigid plate, and a replaceable pulling component which is connected with the two rigid accompanying pulling rods.
2. The rigid tie-rod device for uniaxial stretching according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the rigid tie-rod is threaded, the upper rigid plate and the lower rigid plate are provided with holes with a size adapted to the rigid tie-rod, and the rigid tie-rod is fixed to the upper rigid plate and the lower rigid plate by pre-tightening bolts.
3. The rigid tie-down device for uniaxial tension according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the replaceable tension part is threaded, and the rigid tie-down rod is provided with a screw hole matched with the replaceable tension part in size, and the rigid tie-down rod and the replaceable tension part are fixed through a pre-tightening bolt.
4. The uniaxial tension rigid companion-pulling device according to claim 1, wherein the specimen upper connecting plate and the specimen lower connecting plate are respectively provided with grooves adapted to the upper and lower ends of the specimen.
5. The uniaxially-stretched rigid companion pulling device according to claim 1, wherein the rigidity K of the rigid companion pulling deviceT≥5KCWherein, in the step (A),
Figure FDA0002289091010000011
in the formula, KA1Representing the total stiffness of a multi-rigid companion pull assembly, KA2Represents the total stiffness of the replaceable tensile member in the multiple rigid companion pull assembly; kBOn a tension-pressure sensor and a specimen connected theretoOn the basis of the serial rigidity of the connecting plate, the upper force transmission part and the lower force transmission rod, the converted rigidity is obtained after the rigidity loss at the connecting position of each part is considered; kCRepresenting the stiffness of the test piece to be stretched.
6. The uniaxially-stretched rigid companion pulling device of claim 5, wherein said KBAnd KCIs greater than 5.
CN201810088939.6A 2018-01-30 2018-01-30 Uniaxial tension rigid accompanying device Expired - Fee Related CN108225895B (en)

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CN2284391Y (en) * 1997-01-08 1998-06-17 武汉水利电力大学 Tension performance auxiliary energy absorption device for normal material tester

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CN2127173Y (en) * 1992-05-12 1993-02-17 武汉水利电力学院 Assisting energy-suchking device of common material testing machine
CN2284391Y (en) * 1997-01-08 1998-06-17 武汉水利电力大学 Tension performance auxiliary energy absorption device for normal material tester

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