CN108225623A - Concrete shear stress sensor and scaling method based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics - Google Patents
Concrete shear stress sensor and scaling method based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics Download PDFInfo
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- CN108225623A CN108225623A CN201810044882.XA CN201810044882A CN108225623A CN 108225623 A CN108225623 A CN 108225623A CN 201810044882 A CN201810044882 A CN 201810044882A CN 108225623 A CN108225623 A CN 108225623A
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- shear stress
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of concrete shear stress sensor based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics, including：Shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece, shielded wire, connector, two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks by waterproof insulation process；Described two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks are stacked, and one of encapsulation force-transmitting block encapsulates the one side of force-transmitting block towards another, equipped with groove；The shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece is set in the groove；Described two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks and shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece are fixed as one by adhesives；The shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece connect described two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks by shielded wire with connector and shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece is adhesively fixed by epoxy resin and is integrated, and shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece is connect by shielded wire with connector；The connector is connect with data collecting system.The present invention provides a kind of simple in structure, small, manufacture craft is simple, cheap, has the concrete shear stress sensor of excellent compatibility with concrete.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sensings that a kind of concrete structure internal impact shear stress based on shearing-type piezoelectric material measures
Device makes and its scaling method.
Background technology
At present, it in the stress measurement to concrete structure, is generally strained by pasting resistance-type in concrete structural surface
Piece measures the strain of concrete surface, is then converted into the stress of concrete by the elasticity modulus of concrete material.By
In foil gauge directly inside Transducers Embedded in Concrete, can not measure gained concrete stress be often concrete surface stress, and
The stress state of inside concrete can not be directly obtained.Next, what it is by strain gage testing is strain, and stress can not be straight
Measurement is connect, the elasticity modulus of strain and material as obtained by measuring is needed to be got to convert, the value of elasticity modulus is to conversion
As a result have an impact, for the larger concrete material of mechanical characteristic variability, the variation of elasticity modulus is to stress
Scaling results are affected.In addition, under the strong powers load action such as earthquake, after concrete material enters the plastic stage, due to
The stress-strain relation of concrete material no longer keeps linear, and larger mistake can be brought by directly obtaining stress by strain measurement value
Difference.Finally, an independent resistance strain plate can only measure stretching strain, can not obtain the shearing strain of structure, can not also obtain and cut
Stress.And the measurement of shear stress is most important for concrete structure, the shearing strength of concrete material is small, and concrete is cut
It is a kind of typical brittle break to cut through bad, should be avoided in the design of structure.So exploitation can directly measure it is mixed
The sensor of the solidifying internal shear stress of soil, for the impact shear stress under the strong powers load action such as earthquake, explosion and impact
It measures, has a very important significance.
At present, the effective means measured for concrete structure internal impact shear stress is there is no, this patent proposes to be based on cutting
The concrete structure internal impact shear stress measurement sensor of cut type piezoelectric material and its scaling method.
Invention content
Technical problem underlying to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, and small, manufacture craft is simple, makes
Valency is cheap, has excellent compatibility with concrete, and measured directly for concrete structure internal impact shear stress is based on cutting
The shear stress sensor of cut type piezoelectric ceramics.
Another technical problem underlying to be solved by this invention is to provide the scaling method of above-mentioned shear stress sensor.
In order to solve the technical issues of above-mentioned, being cut the present invention provides a kind of concrete based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics should
Force snesor, including：Shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece, shielded wire, connector, two encapsulation power transmissions by waterproof insulation process
Block；
Described two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks are stacked, and one of encapsulation force-transmitting block encapsulates force-transmitting block towards another
One side, equipped with groove；The shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece is set in the groove；It is described two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks and
Shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece is fixed as one by adhesives；The shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece passes through shielded wire and connector
Connection
Described two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks and shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece are adhesively fixed by epoxy resin and are integrated, shearing-type
Piezoelectric ceramic piece is connect by shielded wire with connector；The connector is connect with data collecting system；
When based on the concrete shear stress sensor of shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics by impact shear stress effect, cause shearing
Type piezoelectric ceramic piece inside center positive and negative charge relatively moves, and shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece surface is caused symbol occur opposite just
Negative bound charge, and charge density is proportional to the size of suffered impact shear stress；The charge output conversion of piezoelectric ceramics
Into voltage signal, acquired by data collecting system.
In a preferred embodiment：The shape of the encapsulation force-transmitting block is cube shaped or cylindrical.
In a preferred embodiment：The encapsulation force-transmitting block is made of material preferable with concrete compatibility.
In a preferred embodiment：The encapsulation force-transmitting block pours high strength cement mortar using mold and makes.
In a preferred embodiment：The mold includes clamp, template layer, backplane level, and the template layer is equipped with multiple vertical
Cube shape or cylindrical cavity plate, the size of mold can adjust as needed, with encapsulating the required appearance and size of force-transmitting block
It is adapted.Backplane level is located at template layer in the following, template layer is made of detachable single form layer, and template layer passes through with backplane level
Clamp links.
The present invention also provides the scaling method of the above-mentioned concrete shear stress sensor based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics,
Include the following steps：
1) the concrete shear stress sensor to be calibrated based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics is embedded in hollow thin-wall cylinder
Cross section on, the radius of thin-walled hollow cylinder and the ratio of wall thickness should be greater than 10, to ensure that shearing stress distribution is uniform on thin-walled；
2) one end end face of hollow thin-wall cylinder is fixed, the other end face is connected by junction steel plate and a band cantilever girder steel
It connects；Utilize cantilever end of the drop impact with cantilever girder steel of a small-sized drop hammer tester；In the tup of small-sized drop hammer tester
Upper installation standard calibration dynamic force snesor measures the size of impact force；
3) since band Steel Cantilever beam end and hollow thin-wall cylinder consolidate, the impact force with cantilever steel girder cantilever end is acted on
To generating torque effect to hollow thin-wall cylinder, and then equally distributed shear stress effect is generated on shear stress sensor；Together
The output voltage signal of step record impact force and the concrete shear stress sensor to be calibrated based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics；
Shear stress is uniformly distributed by being acted on concrete hollow thin-walled cylinder with the impact force's calculation on cantilever steel girder cantilever end
Size carries out linear fit with the voltage signal of concrete shear stress sensor to be calibrated, obtains the spirit of shear stress sensor
Sensitivity coefficient.
Compared to the prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has following advantageous effect：
A kind of concrete shear stress sensor and scaling method structure based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics provided by the invention
Simply, shear stress sensor is small, and manufacture craft is easy, cheap, cost-effective.It is concrete structure in power lotus
Impact shear stress detection under load effect provides effective means.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is concrete shear stress sensor embodiment cross-sectional view in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2-3 is the mould structure signal that composite cement mortar encapsulates force-transmitting block making in the preferred embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 4 is piezoelectric effect signal of the shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece under shear stress effect in the preferred embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 5 be the concrete thin-wall cylinder that the calibration of concrete shear stress sensor is used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention and
Scheme of installation with cantilever girder steel.
Fig. 6 is that the small-sized drop hammer tester structure of concrete shear stress sensor calibration in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown
It is intended to.
Fig. 7 is the calibration result of certain piezoelectric ceramics shear stress sensor in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of concrete shear stress sensor based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics, including being packaged in waterproof insulation
The two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks 1 of shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece 2, connector 4, shape for cuboid-type in glue, two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks 1 use
It is stacked, the one side of one of encapsulation force-transmitting block 1 towards another piece of encapsulation force-transmitting block 1 is equipped with groove, the shearing-type pressure
Electroceramics piece 2 is placed in the groove, and two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks 1 and shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 are adhesively fixed by epoxy resin 3
It is integrated, shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 is connect by shielded wire with connector 4, and the connector 4 is connected with data collecting system.
The shape of the encapsulation force-transmitting block 1 can be cylindrical, using the composite cement mortar compatible with concrete material and pass through pre-
Molding jig manufactures.
With reference to Fig. 2-3, the composite cement mortar encapsulation force-transmitting block of the embodiment of the present invention manufactures a kind of mold used, including
Small-sized tongue 5, clamp 7, template layer 8, backplane level 9.It is 1.5cm that template layer 8, which is equipped with 40 width, is highly 0.5cm (rulers
It is very little can according to actual needs or design adjustment) cuboid cavity plate 6, wherein there are one small-sized tongue on a half mold,
Tongue width is 0.7cm, is highly 0.1cm.Backplane level 9 is located at template layer 8 in the following, template layer 8 is by detachable single form
Composition.Template layer 8 is fixed with backplane level 9 by clamp 7.When making encapsulation force-transmitting block 1 using composite cement mortar, first by mold
It cleans up, vibration compacting in mold is poured into the uniform coating lubricating oil of molding surface, then by the compound cement being stirred,
Form removal after standing one day obtains cuboid-type composite cement mortar encapsulation force-transmitting block, maintenance is put it into water after solidification in case
With.
With reference to Fig. 4, the basic functional principle of embodiment is：Using the direct piezoelectric effect of shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics, work as shearing
When type piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 is acted on by foreign impacts shear stress, piezoelectric ceramics inside center positive and negative charge can be caused to relatively move
And the opposite positive and negative charge of symbol is generated on piezoelectric ceramics surface, and charge density is proportional to the big of be hit shear stress
It is small.
With reference to Fig. 5, a kind of scaling method of above-mentioned concrete shear stress sensor based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics：
Concrete shear stress sensor to be calibrated based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics is embedded in hollow thin-wall concrete cylinder 14
On cross section, the radius of thin-walled hollow concrete cylinder and the ratio of wall thickness should be greater than 10, to ensure to impact shear stress point on thin-walled
Cloth is uniform.One end end face of hollow thin-wall concrete cylinder 14 is fixed on steel plate 15, steel plate 15 is fixed on hold-down support,
The other end face is connect by junction steel plate 13 with a band cantilever girder steel 10.10 section of band cantilever girder steel is cylindrical, cylindrical shaft
Heart line is overlapped with the axial line of hollow thin-wall concrete cylinder.Band cantilever girder steel 10 is supported by two bearings 12, and is passed through coaxial
Annulus 11 ensure that band cantilever girder steel 10 only twists movement.It is impacted using small-sized drop hammer tester outstanding with cantilever girder steel 10
Arm end, and the dynamic force snesor 19 of the tup calibration installed above in small-sized drop hammer tester.10 cantilever end of band cantilever girder steel
Under the effect of drop impact power, torque is generated in hollow thin-wall concrete cylinder 14, synchronous recording dynamic force snesor 19
The voltage signal of signal and shear stress sensor 2 on hollow thin-wall concrete cylinder cross section to be calibrated, calculates by dynamic force
The torque and the shear stress of response that the measured impact force of sensor 19 generates in hollow thin-wall concrete cylinder 14 are big
It is small, and linear fit is carried out with the voltage signal of concrete shear stress sensor 2 to be calibrated, show that concrete to be calibrated is cut
The sensitivity coefficient of strain gauge 2 in order to improve stated accuracy, is repeated 6 times with battery of tests.
With reference to Fig. 6, the impact shear stress caliberating device that the present embodiment uses：With a small-sized drop hammer tester into rower
Fixed, which includes the calibration standard piezoelectric formula force snesor 19 for being installed on tup, 20 top of tup by mass block 18,
The bracing wire being placed on pulley 16 is connect with draw ring 17, and pulley 16 is installed between two column guide rails 21 on the crossbeam on top, operation
When, by pulling draw ring 17, tup 20 is drawn high upwards, unclamps draw ring 17, it is outstanding that tup 20 impacts band after the movement of falling object
Arm girder steel 10 applies impact load to its cantilever end with cantilever girder steel 10, while acquires calibration standard piezoelectric formula power sensing
The voltage signal of the force signal of device 19 and concrete shear stress sensor 2 to be calibrated.Calibration standard piezoelectric formula power is sensed
The distance that the force signal of device 19 is multiplied by drop impact centre of force point to hollow thin-wall concrete cylinder center obtains torque, then
It is converted into the impact shear stress of concrete thin-wall cylinder section and the voltage signal of concrete shear stress sensor 2 to be calibrated
Amplitude carries out linear fit, obtains the sensitivity coefficient of concrete shear stress sensor 2 to be calibrated under Impact Load,
Such as Fig. 7.
The present invention has simple in structure, and small, manufacture craft is easy, cheap, it is cost-effective the features such as, for one kind
Directly the measuring for impact shear stress of concrete structure provides new tool.
The foregoing is merely present pre-ferred embodiments, therefore the technical scope of the present invention cannot be limited according to this, therefore Fan Yiben
The equivalent changes and modifications that the technical spirit and description of invention are made, in the range of should all belonging to technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of concrete shear stress sensor based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics, it is characterised in that including：By waterproof insulation
Shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece, shielded wire, connector, the two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks of processing；
Described two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks are stacked, and one of encapsulation force-transmitting block encapsulates the one of force-transmitting block towards another
Face, equipped with groove；The shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece is set in the groove；Described two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks and shearing
Type piezoelectric ceramic piece is fixed as one by adhesives；The shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece is connect by shielded wire with connector
Described two encapsulation force-transmitting blocks and shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece are adhesively fixed by epoxy resin and are integrated, shearing-type piezoelectricity
Potsherd is connect by shielded wire with connector；The connector is connect with data collecting system；
When based on the concrete shear stress sensor of shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics by impact shear stress effect, cause shearing-type pressure
Electroceramics piece inside center positive and negative charge relatively moves, and shearing-type piezoelectric ceramic piece surface is caused the opposite positive and negative beam of symbol occur
Charge is tied up, and charge density is proportional to the size of suffered impact shear stress；The charge output of piezoelectric ceramics is converted into electricity
Signal is pressed, is acquired by data collecting system.
2. a kind of concrete shear stress sensor based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics according to claim 1, feature exist
In：The shape of the encapsulation force-transmitting block is cube shaped or cylindrical.
3. a kind of concrete shear stress sensor based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics according to claim 1, feature exist
In：The encapsulation force-transmitting block is made of material preferable with concrete compatibility.
4. a kind of concrete shear stress sensor based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics according to claim 3, feature exist
In：The encapsulation force-transmitting block pours high strength cement mortar using mold and makes.
5. a kind of concrete shear stress sensor based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics according to claim 4, feature exist
In：The mold includes clamp, template layer, backplane level, and the template layer is equipped with multiple cube shaped or cylindrical cavity plate,
The size of mold can adjust as needed, be adapted with the encapsulation required appearance and size of force-transmitting block.Backplane level is located at template layer
In the following, template layer is made of detachable single form layer, template layer is linked with backplane level by clamp.
6. the mark of the concrete shear stress sensor based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics described in a kind of any one of claim 1-5
Determine method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1) the concrete shear stress sensor to be calibrated based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics is embedded in the horizontal stroke of hollow thin-wall cylinder
On section, the radius of thin-walled hollow cylinder and the ratio of wall thickness should be greater than 10, to ensure that shearing stress distribution is uniform on thin-walled；
2) one end end face of hollow thin-wall cylinder is fixed, the other end face is connect by junction steel plate with a band cantilever girder steel；
Utilize cantilever end of the drop impact with cantilever girder steel of a small-sized drop hammer tester；Pacify on the tup of small-sized drop hammer tester
Standard calibration dynamic force snesor is filled, measures the size of impact force；
3) since band Steel Cantilever beam end and hollow thin-wall cylinder consolidate, the impact force with cantilever steel girder cantilever end is acted on to right
Hollow thin-wall cylinder generates torque effect, and then equally distributed shear stress effect is generated on shear stress sensor；Synchronous note
Record the output voltage signal of impact force and the concrete shear stress sensor to be calibrated based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics；Pass through
It is acted on concrete hollow thin-walled cylinder with the impact force's calculation on cantilever steel girder cantilever end and is uniformly distributed shear stress,
Linear fit is carried out with the voltage signal of concrete shear stress sensor to be calibrated, obtains the sensitivity system of shear stress sensor
Number.
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| CN201810044882.XA CN108225623A (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2018-01-17 | Concrete shear stress sensor and scaling method based on shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115138548A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Embedded composite piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer suitable for concrete, forming process and embedded support structure |
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| US5948996A (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1999-09-07 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Multielement sensor |
| CN102322985A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2012-01-18 | 大连理工大学 | Embedded type concrete rod piece power damage three-dimensional stress sensor |
| CN102401707A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-04-04 | 湖南大学 | Dynamic concrete stress sensor and calibrating method based on piezoelectric ceramics |
| CN104458073A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-25 | 长江大学 | Implantable concrete three-dimensional space stress monitoring sensor |
| CN106768624A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉大学 | Embedded concrete shear stress sensor caliberating device |
-
2018
- 2018-01-17 CN CN201810044882.XA patent/CN108225623A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5948996A (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1999-09-07 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Multielement sensor |
| CN102322985A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2012-01-18 | 大连理工大学 | Embedded type concrete rod piece power damage three-dimensional stress sensor |
| CN102401707A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-04-04 | 湖南大学 | Dynamic concrete stress sensor and calibrating method based on piezoelectric ceramics |
| CN104458073A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-25 | 长江大学 | Implantable concrete three-dimensional space stress monitoring sensor |
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| CN115138548A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Embedded composite piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer suitable for concrete, forming process and embedded support structure |
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