CN108223658A - Axis spring - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of axis spring, with main shaft (1)；Outer barrel (2), under the axle center of main shaft (1) (P) direction visual angle in surround the state of main shaft (1) outfit；And elastic portion (3), it makes multiple elastomeric layer (4a, 4b, 4c) and one or more hard material wall (5a, 5b) in a state that the diameter inward-outward direction relative to the axle center (P) is alternately laminated, it is plugged between main shaft (1) and outer barrel (2), in the axis spring, the peripheral surface (1a) of main shaft (1) and the inner peripheral surface (2a) of outer barrel (2) are formed as relative to axle center (P) with mutually the same first angle (θ 1) inclined circular conical surface, hard material wall (5a, 5b) be set to the angle than first angle (θ 1) bigger relative to axle center (P) inclined second angle (θ 2).

Description

Axis spring

Technical field

Heavy construction machinery, the preferred axis spring of large ship, especially rolling stock are used as the present invention relates to a kind of, Specifically, be related to a kind of axis spring as described below, which has main shaft, under the axis direction visual angle of main shaft to enclose The outer barrel and elastic portion, the elastic portion being equipped with around the state of main shaft make multiple elastomeric layers and one or more hard Material wall is plugged in a state that the diameter inward-outward direction relative to axle center is alternately laminated between main shaft and outer barrel.

Background technology

This axis spring for example in rolling stock, in order to absorb mitigate its complications driving, it is up and down when impact and It is plugged between bogie frame and axle sidepiece part.That is, the axis spring as axle box suspension an example, more structure For in main shaft and between being configured at surrounding outer barrel, two hard material walls and three rubber layers are for concentric and half Diameter is alternately laminated on direction.

As the tendency of rolling stock axis spring, if it is considered that good riding comfort then it is expected to make elastic layer spring Constant is softer, if consider load have overload ride when etc. greater weight in the case of resistance to load, it is expected spring constant compared with Firmly.In order to meet requirement opposite like this, in the past such as Japanese Patent Publication 2014-073726 bulletins (reference Fig. 3,6), As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication 2015-169313 bulletins, the peripheral surface for making main shaft, elastic layer and outer are made The inner peripheral surface of cylinder is each other to the axis spring of the apsacline of inclined.

By making apsacline, following axis spring can be realized, can obtain cushion stroke more increases, spring constant Bigger so-called progressive nature generates the good sense by bus that softer spring constant is brought when cushion stroke is smaller, and It, also being capable of held stationary (Japanese even for the heavy load that harder spring constant is brought and when cushion stroke is larger：It steps on ん Zhang り imitate く).

But patronage is more always in popular route or reduces vehicle connection number to realize rationalization In the case of amount, it was also proposed that the high rigidity of upper and lower directions, that is, the expectation of high spring-constant.In the axis spring of apsacline In, consider to be arranged to make the angle of the angle of inclination increase (putting what is lain) of the lower axle heart thereon relatively first, so as to make spring normal The method that number is hardened, thus then resistance to maximum load unnecessarily increases, improper.It is because staffing is (maximum as reason Patronage, i.e. maximum load) it is constant.

It is therefore also considered that also increase angle of inclination while increase elastic portion, and while make the resistance to maximum load constant The method for carrying out the hardening of spring constant, but in the method, axis spring itself enlargement is still improper.

Existing technical literature

Patent document

Patent document 1：Japanese Patent Publication 2014-073726 bulletins

Patent document 2：Japanese Patent Publication 2015-169313 bulletins

Invention content

(1) technical problems to be solved

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved axis springs, and disclosure satisfy that following requirement, which is Spring constant easily is hardened in cushion stroke initial stage or first half, and makes its height in a manner of not increasing resistance to maximum load Spring constant.

(2) technical solution and advantageous effect

The present invention relates to a kind of axis spring, with main shaft 1；Outer barrel 2, under the axle center P directions visual angle of the main shaft 1 To surround the outfit of the state of the main shaft 1；And elastic portion 3, make multiple elastomeric layer 4a, 4b, 4c and one or Multiple hard material wall 5a, 5b are plugged in described in a state that the diameter inward-outward direction relative to the axle center P is alternately laminated Between main shaft 1 and the outer barrel 2, in the axis spring,

The peripheral surface 1a of the main shaft 1 and the inner peripheral surface 2a of the outer barrel 2 are formed as relative to the axle center P with phase each other With 1 inclined circular conical surfaces of first angle θ, described hard material wall 5a, 5b relative to the inclined second angles of axle center P θ 2 is set to the angle than 1 biggers of first angle θ.

According to the present invention, in the elastic portion using laminated latex structure, due to the hard for making to be clamped by elastomeric layer The angle of inclination of material walls than the peripheral surface of main shaft, the inner peripheral surface of outer barrel angle of inclination bigger, therefore compared to hard material The angle of inclination of the wall existing structure equal with the angle of inclination of the peripheral surface of main shaft, the inner peripheral surface of outer barrel, can make elasticity The increase degree of the elastic displacement relative to the load acted in axis spring in portion becomes drastically.Also, due to main shaft The angle of inclination of the inner peripheral surface of peripheral surface and outer barrel is as in the past, therefore elastic deformation amount when can make maximum load is not Become.

As a result, being capable of providing by improved axis spring, improved by further structure, with disclosure satisfy that as Lower requirement, the requirement are easily to harden spring constant, and not increase resistance to maximum at cushion stroke initial stage or first half The mode of load makes its high spring-constant.

Second it is a feature of the present invention that in the axis spring described in technical solution 1, the outer barrel 2 is relative to described The front end narrow side configuration of the peripheral surface 1a of the main shaft 1 on the axle center P directions.

Third it is a feature of the present invention that in the axis spring described in technical solution 1, the elastic portion 3 have it is interior in Outer three elastomeric layers 4a, 4b, 4c and inside and outside two hard material walls 5a, 5b, described the of the interior hard material wall 5a The second angle θ 2 of two angle, θs 2 and the outer hard material wall 5b are set to the angle than 1 biggers of first angle θ Degree.

4th it is a feature of the present invention that in the axis spring described in technical solution 2, the elastic portion 3 have it is interior in Outer three elastomeric layers 4a, 4b, 4c and inside and outside two hard material walls 5a, 5b, described the of the interior hard material wall 5a The second angle θ 2 of two angle, θs 2 and the outer hard material wall 5b are set to the angle than 1 biggers of first angle θ Degree.

According to second present invention, if outer barrel relative to the inswept in main shaft close main shaft periphery face on axis direction The axis spring of small side is such if the present invention of third or the 4th, has inside and outside three elastomeric layers and inside and outside two The axis spring of a hard material wall then further can clearly obtain the function and effect of the invention of technical solution 1.

5th it is a feature of the present invention that in the axis spring described in technical solution 1, described in the ratios of second angle θ 2 The range set of 1 biggers of first angle θ is into 1.5~7.5 degree.

6th it is a feature of the present invention that in the axis spring described in technical solution 2, described in the ratios of second angle θ 2 The range set of 1 biggers of first angle θ is into 1.5~7.5 degree.

7th it is a feature of the present invention that in the axis spring described in technical solution 3, described in the ratios of second angle θ 2 The range set of 1 biggers of first angle θ is into 1.5~7.5 degree.

8th it is a feature of the present invention that in the axis spring described in technical solution 4, described in the ratios of second angle θ 2 The range set of 1 biggers of first angle θ is into 1.5~7.5 degree.

According to the five~eight present invention, the hardening of spring constant is set to range just, can suitably obtain The function and effect of the invention of technical solution 1.That is, this is because if second angle θ 2 is less than than the range of 1 biggers of first angle θ At 1.5 degree, then the hardening effect of spring constant can not be almost expected, if higher than 7.5 degree, be easy to cause the hardening of spring constant It is superfluous.

9th it is a feature of the present invention that in the axis spring described in any one of technical solution 1~8, the periphery Face 1a has the narrow cardinal extremity face 10 of the narrow front end face 9 in front end and front end, wherein, the narrow front end face 9 in front end has than described The third angle θ 3 of 1 biggers of first angle θ；The narrow cardinal extremity face 10 in front end has than the first angle θ 1 the smaller 4th Angle, θ 4, the average angle of the peripheral surface 1a are set to the first angle θ 1.

According to the 9th present invention, though main shaft conical surface-shaped peripheral surface compared with such as middle part, with front end Angle more drastically the angle of (strong) and base end part mitigate as three-level mode it is inclined in the case of, as long as theirs is flat Equal angle is the angle of inclination identical with the inner peripheral surface of outer barrel.Therefore, having can be achieved to make the change in shape of main shaft to enrich The advantages of change.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the vertical view of the axis spring of embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is the sectional view along the axis spring of " preceding-axle center P- is right " exploded chart 1.

Fig. 3 is the figure for the relation curve chart for showing load and displacement.

Fig. 4 is the vertical view of the axis spring of embodiment 2.

Fig. 5 is the sectional view along the axis spring of " preceding-axle center P- is right " exploded chart 4.

Specific embodiment

Hereinafter, the embodiment of the axis spring of the present invention is illustrated with axis spring with rolling stock with reference to attached drawing.

(embodiment 1)

As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, rolling stock is configured to have with axis spring (hereinafter referred to as axis spring) A：Main shaft 1, tool There is the outer barrel 2 of the longitudinal axis center P of (or can also be roughly the same) mutually the same with main shaft 1 and be plugged in main shaft 1 and outer barrel Elastic portion 3 between 2.Elastic portion 3 make make three layers elastic layer 4 and two layers of intermediate hard cylinder 5 relative to axle center P with concentric The laminated latex structure that state (or may be substantially concentric) is alternately laminated to diameter inward-outward direction, and it is formed in master Between axis 1 and outer barrel 2.

Here, in Fig. 1 (Fig. 4), the through hole 6,7 for being formed in elastic layer 4 will be linked and the direction of the line segment of axle center P is determined Justice is left and right, the direction of a pair of of threaded hole 1g, 1g for linking the lower end for being formed in main shaft 1 is defined as front and rear.Also, scheming In 2 (Fig. 5), using the main shaft 1 with axle center P as benchmark, front end narrow side is defined as according to the shape of main shaft 1, by root End expands side (opposite side of front end narrow side) and is defined as down.

As shown in Figure 1, 2, main shaft 1 is made of metal, is formed as with epiconus 1A, flange part 1B, lower part vertical tube part 1C Tubular axis, wherein, the epiconus 1A has the inclination peripheral surface 1a that is made of the circular conical surface of the narrow shape in top；It is described convex Edge 1B has the big peripheral surface 1b of maximum diameter, and continuous in the downside of epiconus 1A；The lower part vertical tube part 1C has straight The thinner small peripheral surface 1c of diameter, and it is continuous in the downside of flange part 1B.Peripheral surface 1a is tilted relative to axle center P with first angle θ 1 It tilts.

The hollow portion 1d of the upper end opening centered on the P of axle center is formed on epiconus 1A, hollow portion 1d extensions are set It puts to the centre position up and down of lower part vertical tube part 1C.In lower part vertical tube part 1C, be formed with thin footpath vertical hole 1f and threaded hole 1g, 1g, wherein, thin footpath vertical hole 1f has axle center P and lower ending opening, and threaded hole 1g, 1g is to be respectively arranged at thin footpath vertical hole 1f The states of both sides formed.These thin footpath vertical hole 1f and threaded hole 1g, 1g are open in the funnel-form bottom surface 1e of hollow portion 1d.

As shown in Figure 1, 2, outer barrel 2 be made of metal, have by lower part expand shape circular conical surface form inclination inner peripheral surface 2a, The upper surface 2c of inner peripheral surface 2b and annular shape are continuously fitted into the upside for tilting inner peripheral surface 2a, outer barrel 2 is formed as vertical section Shape is in the cartridge unit of " Ha " shape.Outer barrel 2 with axle center P is configured relative to main shaft 1 close to upside (front end narrow side). That is, so that the height level of the height level of the upper end of main shaft 1 and the lower end of outer barrel 2 is roughly the same mode, make Outer barrel 2 is close to upside.

The angle of inclination relative to axle center P for tilting inner peripheral surface 2a is set to identical with the inclination peripheral surface 1a of main shaft 1 First angle θ 1.It is, it is parallel to each other with tilting peripheral surface 1a to tilt inner peripheral surface 2a.First angle θ 1 is set as such as 10 Spend (or 10 degree ± 5 degree) or angle in addition to this.

In fig. 2, represent that the auxiliary line a and auxiliary line b for tilting inner peripheral surface 2a for tilting peripheral surface 1a is with arrow mark It is mutually parallel.

As shown in Figure 1, 2, elastic portion 3 by by elastic layer 4 and intermediate hard cylinder 5 with inside and outside the diameter relative to axle center P The state that direction is alternately laminated is plugged in be formed between main shaft 1 and outer barrel 2, wherein, elastic layer 4 is for ring-type and by three rubbers Glue-line (an example of elastomeric layer) 4a, 4b, 4c is formed, and intermediate hard cylinder 5 is for made of metal or sheet metal and by two annular rings (an example of hard material wall) 5a, 5b is formed.Elastic layer 4 have since interior radially inner rubber layer 4a, middle rubber layer 4b, Outer rubber layer 4c.Inner rubber layer 4a has from the most thin of the upper surface of diameter outer side covering main shaft 1 (omitting reference numeral) Film portion 4h.Intermediate hard cylinder 5 has annular circle 5a, outer ring circle 5b since interior radially.

Elastic layer 4 and intermediate hard cylinder 5 are relative to axle center P into the inclination for tilting peripheral surface 1a, outer barrel 2 with main shaft 1 Direction identical circumferential surface 2a tilts.Also, inner and outer each annular ring 5a, 5b is set relative to the inclined second angle θ 2 of axle center P Determine into the angle than 1 biggers of first angle θ.

About second angle θ 2, such as then it is set as 12.5 degree when first angle θ 1 is 10 degree.In addition to this, (θ 1+ 1.5 degree of)≤θ 2≤(θ 1+7.5 degree), preferably (θ 1+2.5 degree)≤θ 2≤(θ 1+4.5 degree) can also be in addition to this Angle (1 ＜ θ 2 of θ).

In fig. 2, represent that the auxiliary line c and the auxiliary line d of outer ring circle 5b of annular circle 5a are with double arrows label It is mutually parallel.

In inner rubber layer 4a, middle rubber layer 4b and outer rubber layer 4c, the thickness (thickness of radial direction) of their lower end All same (or roughly the same) each other.In fig. 2, be configured to, if by the lower face for linking each rubber layer 4a~4c most to The line segment of the recessed position in top is as auxiliary line e, then of same size on auxiliary line e of each rubber layer 4a~4c or substantially It is identical.

By the way that two annular rings 5a, 5b is made to incline to the angle lain down relative to inclination peripheral surface 1a and inclination inner peripheral surface 2a Tiltedly, and as the thickness of the thickness G T.GT.GT inner rubber layer 4a upper ends of rubber layer 4b upper ends in the thickness G T.GT.GT of outer rubber layer 4c upper ends Degree.In addition, annular circle 5a relative to main shaft 1 close to upside (front end narrow side), outer ring circle 5b is relative to annular circle 5a Close to upside (front end narrow side), outer barrel 2 is relative to outer ring circle 5b close to upside (front end narrow side).

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, in outer rubber layer 4c and middle rubber layer 4b, each pair being configured in the lateral direction runs through Hole 6,7 is formed with upper and lower breakthrough status.If it as shown in Figure 1, draws the width direction end (phase of outer each through hole 6,7 in For the circumferential end of axle center P) link and across axle center P auxiliary line f, g, then the width angle of each through hole 6,7 is each other The 6th equal angle, θ 6.One auxiliary line g is also across the state at the center of a pair of of installation threaded portion 8,8 of outer barrel 2.The Six angle, θs 6 are front and rear according to equal angular distribution.For the antirust of outer barrel 2 and each intermediate hard cylinder 5,5, each through hole 6,7 Rubber membrane 4g is remained radially and with the width of the approximately radial width of rubber layer 4c, 4b.

If however, to 2 used load of outer barrel, elasticity becomes on the direction that elastic portion 3 declines in outer barrel 2 relative to main shaft 1 Shape is simultaneously hung.For the elastic portion 3 by inclination peripheral surface 1a and the 2a clampings of inclination inner peripheral surface, also acted on other than shear-type load Compressive load on the basis of this structure, can be obtained as the load in axle center P directions increases and makes the spring of elastic portion 3 normal The also increased nonlinear characteristic of number, so-called progressive nature.

The angle lain more is put than tilting peripheral surface 1a and tilting inner peripheral surface 2a due to becoming two annular rings 5a, 5b, because This when effect have make outer barrel 2 and main shaft 1 axle center P side upwardly close to direction load when, the elastic portion (two with existing structure A annular ring 5a, 5b are with tilting peripheral surface 1a and tilting all mutually the same angles of inner peripheral surface 2a) compared with, make as elasticity The maximum load condition in portion 3 is constant, and make elastic portion 3 spring constant increase degree in the early stage or first half drastically, and And it in the later stage or latter half of becomes flat.

In elastic layer 4, for the load in axle center P directions, elastic position is carried out due to fingerprinting stress and compression resistant power both sides It moves, about middle rubber layer 4b, (tilt angle theta 2 of annular ring 5a, 5b are equal to the inclination angle of inclination inner peripheral surface 2a with existing structure Spend the structure of θ 1) it compares, the ratio increase of compression resistant power, as load increases, the increased degree, that is, progressive nature of spring constant Become drastically (strong).

Inner rubber layer 4a, outer rubber layer 4c also are put to lie by unilateral angle of inclination (θ 2) to be influenced, although progressive nature is not It is the degree of middle rubber layer 4b, but becomes drastically compared with existing structure.Due to the inside and outside angle of inclination (θ as elastic portion 3 1) it is as in the past either roughly the same therefore in a state that load increases to that stroke is latter half of or stroke terminates, it is progressive Characteristic becomes smaller than previous.Therefore, maximum displacement during maximum load as elastic portion 3 can be as in the past or substantially It is identical.

Illustrate that the elastic portion 3 in axis spring A relative to the relationship of the displacement of the load in axle center P directions in Fig. 3 An example of the curve graph of load-displacement amount.Line (a) represents the angle of inclination of annular ring 5a, 5b with tilting peripheral surface 1a and inclination The curve graph of the load-displacement amount of existing axis spring identical inner peripheral surface 2a, line (b) represent the load of the axis spring A of the application The curve graph of lotus-displacement.

Curve graph according to fig. 3 is it is found that in the axis spring A of existing axis spring and embodiment 1,2, although maximum carry Displacement during lotus is identical (or roughly the same), but displacement during about a certain load, the axis spring of embodiment 1,2 This side is smaller, that is, spring constant becomes larger.

(embodiment 2)

Axis spring A can also be Fig. 4 and structure shown in fig. 5.The axis spring A of embodiment 2 and the axis bullet of embodiment 1 Spring A all sames other than the shape of main shaft 1 and the circumferential lengths (θ 7) of through hole 6,7 are different, mark on corresponding position Identical reference numeral, and omit the description.The peripheral surface 1a of the main shaft 1 and inner peripheral surface 2a of outer barrel 2 is formed as having relative to axis Heart P identical inclined circular conical surfaces in direction (9,11,2a) to each other.

As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, main shaft 1 has the narrow front end face 9 in front end, the narrow cardinal extremity face 10 in front end, the narrow centre in front end Face 11, and with multistage inclined inclination peripheral surface 1a, wherein, the narrow front end face 9 in front end has than first angle θ 1 more Big third angle θ 3；The narrow cardinal extremity face 10 in front end has than 1 smaller fourth angle θ 4 of first angle θ；The front end Narrow median surface 11 has fiveth angle, θ 5 more slightly smaller than first angle θ 1.It is, the peripheral surface 1a of main shaft 1 is formed as in more The narrow inclined state in grade ground front end.Also, the average angle of the inclination peripheral surface 1a of the three-level is set as and first angle θ 1 It is identical or roughly the same.

That is, be indicated by the arrow Z across main shaft 1 and outer barrel 2 formation elastic portion 3 with set direction (relative to axle center P Extending direction radially), the width x length relative to arrow Z of the elastic layer 4 at the narrow front end face 9 in front end is set as W9, the width x length relative to arrow Z of the elastic layer 4 at the narrow cardinal extremity face 10 in front end is set as w10, by front end it is narrow in Between elastic layer 4 at face 11 the width x length relative to arrow Z be set as w11 in the case of, form formula 1：θ3×w9+θ4 The state of 1 × (w9+w10+w11) of × w10+ θ 5 × w11 ≒ θ.

Elastic portion 3 with set direction Z be in diameter inward-outward direction by three respective upper surfaces of rubber layer 4a, 4b, 4c that The upper line segment of this connection is opposite by lower surface lower line segment connected to each other in diameter inward-outward direction relative to the angle of axle center P In the average angle of the angle of axle center P.

Upper line segment can be defined as below：It will be most recessed downwards in three respective upper surfaces of rubber layer 4a, 4b, 4c The line segment of position connection, alternatively, by each end inside and outside the diameter for making each upper surface with most downwards after recessed point equalization The obtained line segment of imaginary positions connection.

Lower line segment can be defined as below：By most recessed position upward in three respective lower surfaces of rubber layer 4a, 4b, 4c The line segment of connection is put (with reference to the auxiliary line e) of Fig. 2, alternatively, by each end inside and outside the diameter for making each lower surface and most upward The line segment of imaginary positions connection obtained after recessed point equalization.

Also, as shown in figure 5, by respectively with each face 9 of peripheral surface 1a, the substantial thickness of 10,11 integrated elastic layers 4 It is defined relative to width x length w9, w10, w11 of arrow Z.

In addition, in the case of the axis spring A of Fig. 5, due to 1 ＜ θ 3 of θ, 1 ＞ θ 4 of θ, 1 ＞ θ 5 of θ, formula 1 can also show For formula 2：(θ3-θ1)×w9≒(θ1-θ4)×w10+(θ1-θ5)×w11.For example, as θ 1=10 degree, θ 3=33.5 degree, θ 4 =0 degree, θ 5=7.5 degree, w9=6, w10=11, w11=12 when, (33.5-10) × 6=141, (10-0) × 11=110, (10-7.5) × 12=30, therefore 141 ≒ 140 (110+30).

Width x length w9, w10, w11 of elastic layer 4 be consider elastic portion 3 gradient and with each peripheral surface 9,10,11 pairs The length of the width of essence answered.It is, form three that tilt peripheral surface 1a inclination 9,10,11 structures of peripheral surface of main shaft 1 As their the arithmetic average angle state equal or roughly equal with θ 1.In addition, main shaft 1 can also have as described below Inclination peripheral surface 1a, i.e. the angle of inclination relative to axle center P of the narrow median surface 10 in front end is θ 1, relative to first angle θ 1 Inclined face is only provided to narrow the two faces of cardinal extremity face 10 (θ 4) of the narrow front end face 9 (θ 3) in front end and front end.

＜ other embodiments ＞

Outer barrel 2 can also be Fig. 1 (close to amount) by recency to axle center P directions relative to main shaft 1, shown in 4 other than Amount.Axis spring can also use elastic layer 4 be two and intermediate hard cylinder 5 be one structure, elastic layer 4 be four or more And intermediate hard cylinder 5 is the structure of three or more.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of axis spring, has：

Main shaft；

Outer barrel is equipped under the axis direction visual angle of the main shaft with surrounding the state of the main shaft；And

Elastic portion makes multiple elastomeric layers and one or more hard material wall into the diameter relative to the axle center In a state that outer direction is alternately laminated, it is plugged between the main shaft and the outer barrel, in the axis spring,

The inner peripheral surface of the peripheral surface of the main shaft and the outer barrel is formed as relative to the axle center with mutually the same first jiao Inclined circular conical surface is spent, the hard material wall is set to relative to the inclined second angle in the axle center than described first jiao Spend the angle of bigger.

2. axis spring according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

The front end narrow side configuration of the peripheral surface of the outer barrel relative to the main shaft on the axis direction.

3. axis spring according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

The elastic portion has inside and outside three elastomeric layers and inside and outside two hard material walls, the interior hard material wall The second angle and the second angle of the outer hard material wall are set to the angle than the first angle bigger.

4. axis spring according to claim 2, which is characterized in that

The elastic portion has inside and outside three elastomeric layers and inside and outside two hard material walls, the interior hard material wall The second angle and the second angle of the outer hard material wall are set to the angle than the first angle bigger.

5. axis spring according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

The second angle than the first angle bigger range set into 1.5~7.5 degree.

6. axis spring according to claim 2, which is characterized in that

The second angle than the first angle bigger range set into 1.5~7.5 degree.

7. axis spring according to claim 3, which is characterized in that

The second angle than the first angle bigger range set into 1.5~7.5 degree.

8. axis spring according to claim 4, which is characterized in that

The second angle than the first angle bigger range set into 1.5~7.5 degree.

9. according to axis spring according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that

The peripheral surface has the narrow cardinal extremity face of the narrow front end face in front end and front end, wherein, the narrow front end face in front end has Than the third angle of the first angle bigger；The narrow cardinal extremity face in front end has fourth angle more smaller than the first angle Degree, the average angle of the peripheral surface are set to the first angle.