CN108220350A - 一种脂肪酶或生物酶法合成生物柴油 - Google Patents

一种脂肪酶或生物酶法合成生物柴油 Download PDF

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CN108220350A
CN108220350A CN201611250563.1A CN201611250563A CN108220350A CN 108220350 A CN108220350 A CN 108220350A CN 201611250563 A CN201611250563 A CN 201611250563A CN 108220350 A CN108220350 A CN 108220350A
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biodiesel
biological enzyme
synthesis
alcohol
lipase
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郝振荣
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Inner Mongolia Middle Soft Technology Development Co Ltd
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Inner Mongolia Middle Soft Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
    • C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
    • C12P7/649—Biodiesel, i.e. fatty acid alkyl esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
    • C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
    • C12P7/6445—Glycerides
    • C12P7/6454—Glycerides by esterification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/59—Biological synthesis; Biological purification

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Abstract

脂肪酶或生物酶法：用化学法合成生物柴油有以下缺点；工艺复杂，醇必须过量，后续工艺必须有相应的醇回收装置，能耗高；色泽深，由于脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸在高温下容易变质；酯化产物难于回收，成本高；生产过程中有废碱液排放。为解决上述问题，我们开始研究用生物酶法合成生物柴油，即用动物油脂和低碳醇通过脂肪酸进行转酯化反应，制备相应的脂肪酸甲脂及乙酯。酶法合成生物柴油具有条件温和，醇用量小，无污染排放的优点。

Description

一种脂肪酶或生物酶法合成生物柴油
技术领域
一种脂肪酶或生物酶法合成生物柴油
本发明涉及可替代石化柴油的生物柴油技术领域，具体涉及一种合成生物柴油及其技术方法。
发明内容
一种脂肪酶或生物酶法合成生物柴油
生物柴油，又称脂肪酸甲酯是以植物果实.种子.植物导管乳汁或动物脂肪油.废弃的食用油等作原料，与醇类(甲醇.乙醇)经交酯化反应获得。合成生物柴油是指利用各类动植物油脂为原料，与甲醇或乙醇等醇类物质经过交脂化反应改性，使其最终变成可供內燃机使用的一种燃料。生物柴油具有一些明显优势，其含硫量低，可减少约30％的二氧化硫和硫化物的排放；生物柴油具有较好的润滑性能，可以降低喷油泵，发动机缸体和连杆的磨损，延长其使用寿命；生物柴油具有良好的燃料性能，而且在运输.储存.使用等方面的安全性均好于石化柴油。此外，生物柴油是一种可再生能源，也是一种降解性较高的能源。使用生物柴油可降低二氧化碳排放和空气污染物的排放。
背景技术
一种脂肪酶或生物酶法合成生物柴油
生物柴油产品特性与常规柴油相比，生物柴油具有无法比拟的性能。(一)具有优良的环保特性。主要表现在由于生物柴油中硫含量低，使得二氧化硫和硫化物的排放低，可减少约30％(有催化剂时为70％)；生物柴油中不含对环境会造成污染的芳香族烷烃，因而废气对人体损害低于石化柴油。检测表明，与普通柴油相比，使用生物柴油可降低90％的空气毒性，降低94％的患碍率；由于生物柴油含氧量高，使其燃烧时排烟少，一氧化碳的排放与柴油相比减少约10％(有催化剂时为95％)；生物柴油的生物降解性高。(二)具有较好的低温发动机启动性能。无添加剂冷滤点达-20℃。(三)具有较好的润滑性能。使喷油泵.发动机缸体和连杆的磨损率低，使用寿命长。(四)具有较好的安全性能。由于闪点高，生物柴油不属于危险品。因此，在运输.储存.使用方面的有是显而易见的。(五)具有良好的燃料性能。十六烷值高，使其燃烧性好于柴油，燃烧残留物呈微酸性使催化剂和发动机机油的使用寿命加长。(六)具有可再生性能。作为可再生能源，与石油储量不同其通过农业和生物科学家的努力，可供应量不会枯竭。综上所述：由于生物柴油燃烧时排放的二氧化碳远低于该植物生长过程中所吸收的二氧化碳，从而改善由于二氧化碳的排放而导致的全球变暖这一有害于人类的重大环境问题。因而生物柴油是一种真正的绿色柴油。作为可再生能源，与石化油不同，其可以通过加强发展农业，原料供应有保证，价格较稳定。油料作物增产空间大，加之转基因技术可使油料含油达70％左右，有一定降价空间。燃料油供应不受欧佩克(石油输出国组织)的控制，更有利于国际燃油市场的稳定和发展。同时，减少垃圾油的排放，减轻污水处理的压力和成本。转化餐饮废油，保障人民身体健康，从而达到双重环保的作用。
具体实施方式
一种脂肪酶或生物酶法合成生物柴油
脂肪酶或生物酶法：用化学法合成生物柴油有以下缺点；工艺复杂，醇必须过量，后续工艺必须有相应的醇回收装置，能耗高；色泽深，由于脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸在高温下容易变质；酯化产物难于回收，成本高；生产过程中有废碱液排放。为解决上述问题，我们开始研究用生物酶法合成生物柴油，即用动物油脂和低碳醇通过脂肪酸进行转酯化反应，制备相应的脂肪酸甲脂及乙酯。酶法合成生物柴油具有条件温和，醇用量小，无污染排放的优点。

Claims (1)

1.一种脂肪酶或生物酶法合成生物柴油
脂肪酶或生物酶法：用化学法合成生物柴油有以下缺点；工艺复杂，醇必须过量，后续工艺必须有相应的醇回收装置，能耗高；色泽深，由于脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸在高温下容易变质；酯化产物难于回收，成本高；生产过程中有废碱液排放。为解决上述问题，我们开始研究用生物酶法合成生物柴油，即用动物油脂和低碳醇通过脂肪酸进行转酯化反应，制备相应的脂肪酸甲脂及乙酯。酶法合成生物柴油具有条件温和，醇用量小，无污染排放的优点。
CN201611250563.1A 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 一种脂肪酶或生物酶法合成生物柴油 Pending CN108220350A (zh)

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