CN108215351A - 一种建筑节能相变储能蜂窝板及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种建筑节能相变储能蜂窝板及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种建筑节能相变储能蜂窝板及制备方法,该相变储能蜂窝板以石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变储能材料为相变物质,以铝制蜂窝板为芯板、以中密度纤维板为表层板,将相变材料填充到蜂窝板的蜂窝中,以环氧树脂为粘结剂,通过冷压制备而成。此方法制备的相变储能复合板,解决了目前相变储能材料普遍存在的渗漏、利用率低及耐久性差等关键问题。复合材料比石蜡的储热时间缩短了36.3%,放热时间缩短了34.0%。膨胀石墨的添加改善了石蜡放热不均匀的问题。制备的相变储能蜂窝板力学性能较为稳定,静曲强度为12.4MPa,弹性模量为2.4MPa,内结合强度为0.35MPa。相变储能蜂窝板的放热时间相比普通蜂窝板用时延长了80‑85%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种相变储能复合板的制备方法,具体是一种装有相变储能材料的建筑节能复合蜂窝板的制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高,对居住环境的舒适度也提出了更高的要求。我国是人均能源相对缺乏的国家,而单位建筑面积的能耗却接近气候条件相近的发达国家的3倍。尽管目前广泛应用的外墙外保温和内墙内保温技术可以在一定程度上降低能耗,然而轻质建材的热容量有限,蓄热能力低,不能达到高效蓄热保温的目的,节能效果不理想。开发具有较高蓄热能力的建筑节能保温复合材料是建筑节能的迫切需要。相变储能建材是通过向传统建筑材料中加入相变材料制成的具有较高热容的轻质建筑材料,具有较大的潜热储热能力。相变储能建筑材料以相变墙体、相变隔板、相变地板以及相变天花板等形式构筑的建筑围护结构,提高建筑的节能保温能力,自动调节室内温度,降低室内温度波动,提高舒适度,节省采暖能耗,同时可以减小墙体自重和厚度,增加房屋的有效使用面积。因此,相变储能技术是实现建筑节能的重要途径,具有广阔的应用前景。相变储能蜂窝板由填充相变储能颗粒的铝蜂窝芯子、底板及高导热率的面板复合而成,具有储能密度大、相变热利用率高、有效封装、质轻、强度高,加工灵活、安装便捷等特点。目前相变储能蜂窝板的结构形式研究较少。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种建筑节能复合相变储能蜂窝板的制备方法,该复合相变储能蜂窝板储/放热效率高,热稳定性好,物理力学性能满足蜂窝复合板行业标准。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
一种建筑节能相变储能蜂窝板的制备,其具体步骤如下:该相变储能复合蜂窝板由相变储能材料、铝制蜂窝板、3mm厚中密度纤维板组成。将复合相变材料填充在铝制蜂窝板中,每块的相变储能蜂窝板中复合材料的最佳填充量为77g。以环氧树脂为粘结剂,以3mm厚中密度纤维板为表板,在20℃、4MPa下冷压30min制备相变储能蜂窝板。
其中,该相变储能材料由石蜡和膨胀石墨复合而成,石蜡所占的质量比为78%-94%,最佳质量比为91%。二者混合后机械搅拌20min,待混合均匀后将其放入-0.1MPa,75℃的真空干燥箱中吸附12h,且每隔2小时搅拌一次,每次搅拌2min;冷却至室温,即制得石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变储热材料。
其中,所使用的膨胀石墨是由可膨胀鳞片石墨在60℃的条件下真空干燥12 h。每次称取2-3g可膨胀鳞片石墨置于高温陶瓷坩埚中,在800℃条件下马弗炉中热处理60s,制备而成的疏松多孔的膨胀石墨。
其中,测得制备的复合材料融化和凝固相变温度分别为22.25和23.32℃;融化和凝固相变潜热分别为192.6 J/g和191.6 J/g。
其中,复合材料相比石蜡的储热时间缩短了36.3%,放热时间缩短了34.0%。解决了石蜡导热能力差的问题,大大提高了储/放热效率。此外膨胀石墨的添加改善了石蜡放热不均匀的问题。
其中,制备的相变储能复合蜂窝板,其力学性能较为稳定,静曲强度为12.4MPa,弹性模量为2.4MPa,内结合强度为0.35MPa。
其中,相变储能蜂窝板中的复合材料在升温过程中吸收了大量热量并储存,在放热过程中缓慢释放出来,从而使复合蜂窝板的温度缓慢下降。相变储能蜂窝板的放热时间相比普通蜂窝板用时延长了80%-85%。
相变储能复合蜂窝板是利用相变材料的潜热进行能量的储存,以蜂窝板为芯层对相变材料进行封装,以中密度纤维板为表板构建的具有高效保温、安全舒适、经久耐用、经济适用的建筑节能板材。与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点。
(1)解决了相变物质的渗漏问题。相变储能复合蜂窝板以全新的封装形式,解决了现有封装技术的相变物质渗漏问题。现有的相变物质发生固-液相变时,通常会发生渗漏现象。常采用的方法是相变单元法,即利用微胶囊技术、包衣技术、溶胶-凝胶技术或多孔物质吸附等封装技术,先制备出相变储能单元,然后再将此单元应用到普通建材中去。然而,相变单元在与建材混合时,常常因磨损而破裂,并使复合材料力学性能降低。本发明将相变储能材料封装在蜂窝板中,不会发生渗漏,并保存了蜂窝板原有的物理力学特性。
(2)提高了相变热的利用率。目前在建筑节能领域使用的相变材料导热系数较低,降低了相变热的利用率。如采用微胶囊等封装形式,其壁材可形成附加热阻,进一步降低了相变热的利用率。而添加高导热率材料则易发生沉降且增加成本。本发明相变储热材料石蜡与膨胀石墨的物相结构保存完好,复合后没有发生化学变化产生新物质,具有良好的化学稳定性。本发明将相变储热材料封装于蜂窝板中,因比表面积大而具有高导热率,有效提高了储放热效率,同时,可减小储热装置的体积和成本,提高储热系统的经济效益。
(3)提高了相变储能建筑材料的耐久性和适用性。目前建筑节能材料采用的相变材料封装技术,存在封装材料易老化、降解和破损的问题,相变循环次数少,使用寿命短。且安装工艺复杂,造价高。本发明将相变储热材料封装于蜂窝板中,封装方便,工艺简单,成本低廉,且避免了封装材料老化的影响,经久耐用,适用性强。
具体实施方式
实施例1:将78%质量比的石蜡与膨胀石墨混合,将混合物进行机械搅拌20min,待混合均匀后将其放入0.1MPa,75℃的真空干燥箱中吸附12h,且每隔2小时搅拌一次。冷却至室温,即制得复合相变储热材料。未发生渗漏,具有良好的封装效果。制备的复合材料融化和凝固相变温度分别为21.32℃和22.45℃;融化和凝固相变潜热分别为191.3J/g和190.6/g。在表层板内测均匀涂抹环氧树脂,将铝制蜂窝板芯平铺在胶层上。将复合相变材料均匀铺装在蜂窝芯内(77g/300mm×300mm),清理表面后覆盖上表层板。即获得预制板坯。采用智能控制实验压机进行冷压,冷压温度在20℃左右,冷压压力为4MPa。制备的相变储能蜂窝板放热时间延长了80%。
实施例2:将82%质量比的石蜡与膨胀石墨混合,将混合物进行机械搅拌20min,待混合均匀后将其放入0.1MPa,75℃的真空干燥箱中吸附12h,且每隔2小时搅拌一次。冷却至室温,即制得复合相变储热材料。未发生渗漏,具有良好的封装效果。制备的复合材料融化和凝固相变温度分别为21.65℃和22.83℃;融化和凝固相变潜热分别为191.9J/g和191.1/g。在表层板内测均匀涂抹环氧树脂,将铝制蜂窝板芯平铺在胶层上。将复合相变材料均匀铺装在蜂窝芯内(83g/300mm×300mm),清理表面后覆盖上表层板。即获得预制板坯。采用智能控制实验压机进行冷压,冷压温度在20℃左右,冷压压力为4MPa。制备的相变储能蜂窝板放热时间延长了82%。
实施例3:将91%质量比的石蜡与膨胀石墨混合,将混合物进行机械搅拌20min,待混合均匀后将其放入0.1MPa,75℃的真空干燥箱中吸附12h,且每隔2小时搅拌一次。冷却至室温,即制得复合相变储热材料。未发生渗漏,具有良好的封装效果。制备的复合材料融化和凝固相变温度分别为22.25℃和23.32℃;融化和凝固相变潜热分别为192.6J/g和191.6/g。在表层板内测均匀涂抹环氧树脂,将铝制蜂窝板芯平铺在胶层上。将复合相变材料均匀铺装在蜂窝芯内(85g/300mm×300mm),清理表面后覆盖上表层板。即获得预制板坯。采用智能控制实验压机进行冷压,冷压温度在20℃左右,冷压压力为4MPa。制备的相变储能蜂窝板放热时间延长了83%。
实施例4:将94%质量比的石蜡与膨胀石墨混合,将混合物进行机械搅拌20min,待混合均匀后将其放入0.1MPa,75℃的真空干燥箱中吸附12h,且每隔2小时搅拌一次。冷却至室温,即制得复合相变储热材料。复合材料发生渗漏。
Claims (7)
1.一种建筑节能相变储能蜂窝板,其特征在于:该相变储能材料由石蜡和膨胀石墨复合而成,石蜡所占的质量比为78%-94%;将复合相变材料填充在铝制蜂窝板中,每块的相变储能蜂窝板中复合材料的最佳填充量为77g,并以此作为芯板,以环氧树脂为粘结剂,以3mm厚中密度纤维板为表层板,在20℃、4MPa下冷压30min制备相变储能蜂窝板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于建筑节能的相变储能复合材料,其特征在于:所使用的膨胀石墨是由可膨胀鳞片石墨在60℃的条件下真空干燥12 h;每次称取2-3g可膨胀鳞片石墨置于高温陶瓷坩埚中,在800℃条件下马弗炉中热处理60s,制备而成的疏松多孔的膨胀石墨。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于建筑节能的相变储能复合材料,其特征在于:该相变储能材料由石蜡和膨胀石墨复合而成,石蜡所占的质量比为78%-94%,最佳质量比为91%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于建筑节能的相变储能蜂窝板,测得制备的复合材料融化和凝固相变温度分别为22.25和23.32℃;融化和凝固相变潜热分别为192.6 J/g和191.6 J/g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于建筑节能的相变储能蜂窝板,解决了石蜡导热能力差的问题,大大提高了储/放热效率,复合材料相比石蜡的储热时间缩短了36.3%,放热时间缩短了34.0%;此外膨胀石墨的添加改善了石蜡放热不均匀的问题。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于建筑节能的相变储能蜂窝板,力学性能较为稳定,静曲强度为12.4MPa,弹性模量为2.4MPa,内结合强度为0.35MPa。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于建筑节能的相变储能蜂窝板,相变储能蜂窝板中的复合材料在升温过程中吸收了大量热量并储存,在放热过程中缓慢释放出来,从而使复合蜂窝板的温度缓慢下降;相变储能蜂窝板的放热时间相比普通蜂窝板用时延长了80-85%。
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