CN108212082A - 一种环保滤料的生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种环保滤料的生产方法,以椰壳活性炭为原材料,经预处理、改性、高温水蒸汽活化后制得滤料,整个生产工艺简单,材料成本低廉,操作简单,且得到的滤料吸附能力强,可再生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保技术领域,尤其是一种环保滤料的生产方法。
背景技术
在优质杂排水或污水的深度处理中,往往用到活性炭做为滤料,用于截留及吸附残余杂质。在实际应用中,普通活性炭吸附能力有限,往往难以去除溶解性CODcr、阴离子表面活性剂等参数,而且需要频繁反冲洗或高温再生,但效果一般。而且,普通活性炭在生产加工过程操作繁琐且需要使用大量的化学试剂或是贵金属作为活性组分,增加了制备成本,同时,也不环保。
发明内容
本发明主要目的在于解决上述问题和不足,提供生产工艺简单、成本低廉的一种环保滤料的生产方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:
一种环保滤料的生产方法,包括如下步骤:
S1,筛选椰壳活性炭,并进行初步粉碎;
S2,粉碎后的椰壳活性炭颗粒混合在亚铁离子溶液中以改性,持续搅拌、曝气;
S3,将改性后的椰壳活性炭颗料沥干后放置在斯列普活化炉中,进行高温活化后再粉碎筛分得到滤料。
进一步的,所述步骤S1中,椰壳活性炭初步粉碎后的粒径为1-3mm。
进一步的,所述亚铁离子溶液为氯化亚铁溶液。
进一步的,所述亚铁离子溶液的浓度为2mg/L。
进一步的,所述亚铁离子溶液与椰壳活性炭以体积质量比为0.5L:1g的比例进行混合。
进一步的,在步骤S2中,每分钟的曝气量与亚铁溶液体积比例为1:1。
进一步的,所述曝气采用穿孔管曝气,穿孔管均匀布置,孔径为1--4mm,孔距100--250mm。
进一步的,所述步骤S2中,搅拌、曝气持续5h。
进一步的,所述步骤S3中,所述斯列普活化炉温度恒定在850℃,上下温差浮动不超过5℃。
进一步的,所述步骤S3中,采用水蒸汽进行活化,所述水蒸气由压力装置提供,气压为0.1MPa,上下压差浮动不超过5%。
综上所述,本发明提供的一种环保滤料的生产方法,与现有技术中的常规滤料相比,具有如下优点:
1.采用椰壳活性炭为滤料的原材料,直接进行改性,省去了活性炭的制备过程,简化生产工艺,可以较快的制备出预期的滤料;
2.原材料采用椰壳活性炭,绿色环保,价格低,原材料易得,改性时,采用亚铁离子溶液,价格低廉,进一步降低生产成本;
3.表面的铁系催化剂层对腐殖物质、磷酸盐、铜及其它重金属有专性吸附能力;
4.吸附饱和后,采用正常的反冲洗或再生程序可以基本恢复吸附能力,使用寿命更长。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
本发明提供了一种环保滤料的生产方法,包括如下步骤:
S1,筛选椰壳活性炭,并进行初步粉碎。
挑选无霉变、无吸附、无水浸等伤害、吸附能力强的优质椰壳活性炭,在粉碎机内进行初步粉碎,初步粉碎后的粒径为1—3mm。
椰壳活性炭是采用椰子壳为原料经高温活化、碳化处理生产得到的一种新型、优质活性炭,它是一种颗粒不规则的破碎炭,强度高,饱和后可多次再生,高吸附能力、低阻力是它的显著特点,其对有机气体吸附能力比普通活性炭高5倍至以上,吸附速率更快,具有发达的比表面积,丰富的微孔径。在本发明中,采用的椰壳活活炭比表面积可达1000-2000m2/g,微孔体积90%左右,其微孔孔径为10A-40A,孔径适中,分布均匀,且未吸附杂质。
S2,粉碎后的椰壳活性炭颗粒混合在亚铁离子溶液中以改性,持续搅拌、曝气。
在本发明提供的实施例中,为将椰壳活性炭改性,以亚铁溶液与活性炭体积质量比为0.5L:1g的比例,将初步粉碎后的椰壳活性炭与浓度为2mg/L的氯化亚铁溶液中混合,边搅拌边曝气,每分钟的曝气量与亚铁溶液体积比例为1:1,持续5h,以使改性进程充分完成。曝气过程中,采用穿孔管曝气,穿孔管均匀布置,孔径为 1--4mm,最佳孔径为2mm,孔距100--250mm,最佳孔距为150mm,能使椰壳活性碳与亚铁离子溶液均匀混合,使改性进行充分。
采用无机盐(氯化亚铁溶液)进行改性,价格相对低廉,而且椰壳活性的前期处理和改性阶段均可在常温水浴中进行,条件温和,容易控制。
S3,将改性后的椰壳活性炭颗料沥干无水滴落后放置在斯列普活化炉中,在850℃条件下,由0.1MPa的水蒸气进行活化30分钟后,粉碎筛分后得到最终的滤料。
斯列普活化炉温度恒定在850℃,上下温差浮动不超过5℃,活化用的水蒸汽由压力装置提供,气压为0.1MPa,上下压差浮动不超过5%。
经过初步处理、改性、高温活化后得到的滤料,表面含氧量高,亲水性好,与污染物接触更充分,经过二次粉碎,比表面积能达到2500m2/g,吸附能力更强,而且椰壳活性炭及二价亚铁离子,性质稳定,吸附饱合后,采用正常的反冲洗或再生程序就可以基本恢复吸附能力,使用寿命更长。按本发明的生产方法制备出来的滤料,可广泛应用在铁路废水处理领域,盥洗水等直接通过滤料过滤,使出水COD、BOD、氨氮、浊度、LAS指标满足冲厕标准,或广泛应用在民用沐浴水、洗手水等处理中,不需前期预处理,直接经ATD滤料过滤后,使出水COD、BOD、氨氮、浊度、LAS指标满足冲厕标准,高效的吸附能力,也可在其他领域得到广泛应用。在实验验证,可大幅提高CODcr、阴离子表面活性剂、浊度、色度、重金属等去除率,提高反冲洗效率,并延长反冲洗及再生周期。
综上所述,本发明提供的一种环保滤料的生产方法,与现有技术中的常规滤料相比,具有如下优点:
1.采用椰壳活性炭为滤料的原材料,直接进行改性,省去了活性炭的制备过程,简化生产工艺,可以较快的制备出预期的滤料;
2.原材料采用椰壳活性炭,绿色环保,价格低,原材料易得,改性时,采用亚铁离子溶液,价格低廉,进一步降低生产成本;
3.表面的铁系催化剂层对腐殖物质、磷酸盐、铜及其它重金属有专性吸附能力;
4.吸附饱和后,采用正常的反冲洗或再生程序可以基本恢复吸附能力,使用寿命更长。
如上所述,结合所给出的方案内容,可以衍生出类似的技术方案。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种环保滤料的生产方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤,
S1,筛选椰壳活性炭,并进行初步粉碎;
S2,粉碎后的椰壳活性炭颗粒混合在亚铁离子溶液中以改性,并持续搅拌、曝气;
S3,将改性后的椰壳活性炭颗料沥干后放置在斯列普活化炉中,进行高温活化后再粉碎筛分得到滤料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种环保滤料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中,椰壳活性炭初步粉碎后的粒径为1-3mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种环保滤料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述亚铁离子溶液为氯化亚铁溶液。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种环保滤料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述亚铁离子溶液的浓度为2mg/L。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种环保滤料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述亚铁离子溶液与椰壳活性炭以体积质量比为0.5L:1g的比例进行混合。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种环保滤料的生产方法,其特征在于:在步骤S2中,每分钟的曝气量与亚铁溶液体积比例为1:1。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种环保滤料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述曝气采用穿孔管曝气,穿孔管均匀布置,孔径为1--4mm,孔距100--250mm。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种环保滤料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中,搅拌、曝气持续5h。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种环保滤料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中,所述斯列普活化炉温度恒定在850℃,上下温差浮动不超过5℃。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种环保滤料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中,采用水蒸汽进行活化,所述水蒸气由压力装置提供,气压为0.1MPa,上下压差浮动不超过5%。
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CN109894078A (zh) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-18 | 湖北第二师范学院 | 一种基于水处理的椰壳活性炭吸附材料及制作工艺 |
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