CN108208539B - Method and device for processing low-toxicity ginkgo kernels - Google Patents
Method and device for processing low-toxicity ginkgo kernels Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for processing low-toxicity ginkgo kernels, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing. The invention relates to a processing device of low-toxicity ginkgo kernels, which consists of an airflow circulating system, a temperature and humidity control system, an ultraviolet irradiation system and a material drying and weighing system. The method removes the ginkgolic acid in the ginkgo by using an ultraviolet irradiation mode, combines the drying process and the detoxification process, does not need pretreatment or subsequent treatment, and is simple to operate. The water content of the ginkgo processed by the method is controlled below 11 percent, and the ginkgolic acid content is below 20 mg/kg. The device can accurately control the drying temperature, the airflow speed, the air humidity and the ultraviolet irradiation intensity, and has the online detection capability of the moisture content. The ginkgo is a high-starch material, and the method can effectively reduce the surface crusting phenomenon by using a mode of humidity control in a form division manner, accelerate the drying efficiency and improve the product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and particularly relates to a method and a device for processing low-toxicity ginkgo kernels.
Background
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a perennial deciduous tree of the Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgo, and is the oldest wiggery plant among existing gymnosperms. China is the hometown of gingko and also the world's leading country of gingko, and the yield accounts for about 70% of the world. The maidenhair trees in China are mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangxi, Hubei, Henan and other provinces in China. Gingko is the seed core part of gingko seed after its fleshy coat is removed. The ginkgo nut is fresh, sweet and delicious, has fragrant and glutinous taste, has the effects of astringing lung and relieving asthma, eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma, astringing and removing dampness, inhibiting bacteria and killing bacteria and the like, and is a famous nut used as both medicine and food.
Gingko is a special nut, and in long-term eating and production practices, "not suitable for eating too much" and "beneficial and toxic" are direct impressions of people on gingko. Many people suffer from poisoning and even death due to eating ginkgo every year. With respect to the safety control of ginkgo biloba products, it is internationally accepted that the total ginkgolic acid content (EGB) in ginkgo biloba extracts (dry base) should be less than 5mg/kg, however, there is no clear restriction on the amount of total ginkgolic acid in ginkgo biloba. The determination shows that the ginkgolic acid content in the air-dried ginkgo is as high as 200mg/kg, which is greatly higher than the related standard of ginkgo products. Therefore, the control of ginkgolic acid content in ginkgo and the edible safety need to be paid attention to.
Ginkgolic acid has certain thermal instability, but researches show that the ginkgolic acid can generate obvious decarboxylation reaction under the condition of oil bath at the temperature of more than 200 ℃. Therefore, the ginkgolic acid content in ginkgo biloba is reduced little at conventional drying temperatures. The most common method for removing ginkgolic acid from semen Ginkgo is chemical treatment, i.e. subjecting semen Ginkgo or semen Ginkgo pulp to alkali solution Na2CO3Or NaHCO3To deal with this, the following patent publication (publication No. CN 105995687A, publication No. CN 105918999A, publication No. CN 106666608A, and publication No. CN 104544090B) has been made. The process of soaking in alkali liquor for detoxification not only causes alkali liquor residue, but also destroys a great deal of other nutrient components in the ginkgo.
Ginkgolic acids are not only heat-labile but also light-labile. Research shows that the ginkgolic acid content of the ginkgo in the natural airing condition is reduced by about 40 percent compared with that of the ginkgo dried at the high temperature of 80 ℃. Therefore, the characteristic of the light instability of the ginkgolic acid is utilized, and certain optical irradiation can be carried out while drying the ginkgo, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing toxicity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a processing method and a device of low-toxicity ginkgo kernels, aiming at solving the problems of overproof ginkgolic acid content in the existing ginkgo kernels and serious pollution and nutrient loss caused by the traditional alkali treatment process.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention,
a low-toxicity semen Ginkgo processing device comprises an air flow circulation system, a temperature and humidity control system, an ultraviolet irradiation system, and a material drying and weighing system,
the air flow circulating system comprises a centrifugal fan, a drying chamber and an air flow circulating pipeline, and an air inlet and an air outlet of the centrifugal fan are connected with the air flow circulating pipeline; the drying chamber is of a cuboid structure, a rectangular window is formed in the upper wall of the drying chamber, quartz glass is embedded in the drying chamber, and a hole is formed in the lower wall of the drying chamber so that the tray support can pass through the drying chamber; and a humidifying hole and an air inlet hole are arranged at the position, close to the air inlet of the centrifugal fan, on the airflow circulating pipeline, and a moisture exhausting hole is arranged at the position, close to the air outlet of the drying chamber.
The temperature and humidity control system comprises a signal acquisition and output control module, a temperature and humidity sensor, an electric heating sheet, a humidifying hole, a steam generator, a steam pipeline electromagnetic valve, a dehumidifying hole and a dehumidifying fan; the output end of the signal acquisition and output control module is connected with the electric heating sheet, the centrifugal fan, the moisture exhaust fan and the steam pipeline electromagnetic valve, the input end of the signal acquisition and output control module is connected with a signal wire of a temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity sensor penetrates through the upper wall of the drying chamber and is suspended at a position above the side of the charging tray; the moisture-removing fan is connected with the moisture-removing hole, and when the humidity is larger than a set value, the moisture-removing fan is started to forcibly remove moisture.
The ultraviolet irradiation system comprises ultraviolet lamp tubes and a lamp tube rack, wherein the ultraviolet lamp tubes are arranged in parallel and fixed on the lamp tube rack, and the lamp tube rack is arranged above the quartz glass on the upper wall of the drying chamber.
The material drying and weighing system comprises a material tray, a material tray support and an electronic balance, wherein the material tray is connected with the material tray support, and the material tray support is placed on the electronic balance through a lower wall opening of the drying chamber.
The drying device can accurately control the drying temperature, the airflow speed, the air humidity and the ultraviolet irradiation intensity, the parameter control range is that the drying temperature is 20-95 ℃, the precision is +/-0.1 ℃, the airflow speed is 0-20 m/s, the humidity is 5-70% RH, the precision is +/-3% RH, and the ultraviolet irradiation intensity is 0.2-10W/m2The precision is +/-0.1W/m2。
The air current circulating pipeline is composed of a plurality of right angles and linear type pipelines and is connected with the drying chamber to form a circulating loop, except that the dehumidifying fan 6 is used for forcibly dehumidifying, damp and hot air circulates in the circulating pipeline and the drying chamber all the time, and energy can be effectively saved.
The airflow circulating pipeline and the drying chamber are made of stainless steel materials, the thickness of the airflow circulating pipeline and the drying chamber is not less than 2mm, and heat insulation cotton with the thickness of not less than 1cm is wrapped outside the airflow circulating pipeline and the drying chamber.
The wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp tube is 275-320 nm, namely UVB wave band.
The quartz glass embedded in the upper wall of the drying chamber is quartz glass capable of transmitting ultraviolet rays, and the thickness of the quartz glass is not more than 1 mm.
The processing method of the low-toxicity ginkgo kernels adopted by the device comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting fresh gingko without mildewing and deterioration;
(2) removing shells and red coats of the ginkgo nuts;
(3) placing the ginkgo into the processing device of the low-toxicity ginkgo kernel, and simultaneously performing drying and ultraviolet irradiation treatment, wherein the drying temperature is 50-90 ℃, the relative air humidity is 5-60% RH, the airflow speed is 3-20 m/s, the ultraviolet irradiation intensity is 0.2-10W/m 2, the ultraviolet irradiation amount is 1-20 kJ/m2, and the drying is stopped when the moisture content of the wet basis of the ginkgo is below 11%.
(4) Cooling semen Ginkgo to room temperature to obtain low toxic semen Ginkgo.
In the step (3), the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 5-30% RH, the air flow speed is 5-10m/s, and the ultraviolet intensity is 0.5-5W/m2The ultraviolet irradiation amount is 1 to 15kJ/m2。
The air phase relative humidity control mode in the step (3) is as follows: the early-stage air relative humidity is 20-30% RH, the duration is 20-60 min, the middle-stage air relative humidity is 10-15% RH, the duration is 3-4 h, and the later-stage air relative humidity is 5-8% RH until the drying is finished.
The ultraviolet irradiation mode in the step (3) is as follows: the ultraviolet irradiation treatment is concentrated at the early stage of drying, and the ultraviolet intensity is 1-3W/m2The ultraviolet irradiation amount is 2-10 kJ/m2。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method removes the ginkgolic acid in the ginkgo by using an ultraviolet irradiation mode, combines the drying process and the detoxification process, does not need pretreatment or subsequent treatment, and is simple to operate. The water content of the ginkgo processed by the method is controlled below 11 percent, and the ginkgolic acid content is below 20 mg/kg.
2. The device can accurately control the drying temperature, the airflow speed, the air humidity and the ultraviolet irradiation intensity, and has the online detection capability of the moisture content.
3. The ginkgo is a high-starch material, and the method can effectively reduce the surface crusting phenomenon by using a mode of humidity control in a form division manner, accelerate the drying efficiency and improve the product quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for processing low-toxicity semen Ginkgo of the present invention, in which 1 an ultraviolet lamp is provided; 2, a drying chamber; 3 quartz glass; 4, a tray bracket; 5, an electronic balance; 6, a moisture exhausting fan; 7, moisture removal holes; 8, an airflow circulating pipeline; 9, a steam generator; 10 steam pipeline electromagnetic valve; 11, a humidifying hole; 12 air inlet holes; 13 centrifugal fan; 14 heating plates; 15 material trays; 16 temperature and humidity sensors; 17 a lamp tube stand; and 18, a signal acquisition and output control module.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a device for processing low-toxicity ginkgo kernels, which comprises an air flow circulating system, a temperature and humidity control system, an ultraviolet irradiation system and a material drying and weighing system.
The airflow circulating system comprises a centrifugal fan 13, a drying chamber 2 and an airflow circulating pipeline 8, and an air inlet and an air outlet of the centrifugal fan 13 are connected with the airflow circulating pipeline 8; the drying chamber 2 is of a cuboid structure, a rectangular window is formed in the upper wall of the drying chamber, quartz glass 3 is embedded in the drying chamber, and a hole is formed in the lower wall of the drying chamber to enable the tray support 4 to pass through; and a humidifying hole 11 and an air inlet 12 are arranged on the airflow circulating pipeline 8 and close to an air inlet of a centrifugal fan 13, and a dehumidifying hole 7 is arranged on the air outlet close to the drying chamber 2.
The temperature and humidity control system comprises a signal acquisition and output control module 18, a temperature and humidity sensor 16, an electric heating sheet 14, a humidifying hole 11, a steam generator 9, a steam pipeline electromagnetic valve 10, a moisture exhaust hole 7 and a moisture exhaust fan 6; the output end of the signal acquisition and output control module 18 is connected with the electric heating sheet 14, the centrifugal fan 13, the moisture exhaust fan 6 and the steam pipeline electromagnetic valve 10, the input end of the signal acquisition and output control module is connected with a signal wire of a temperature and humidity sensor 16, and the temperature and humidity sensor 16 passes through the upper wall of the drying chamber 2 and is suspended above the side of the material tray 15; the moisture exhaust fan 6 is connected with the moisture exhaust hole 7, and when the humidity is larger than a set value, the moisture exhaust fan 6 is started to forcibly exhaust moisture. The airflow circulating pipeline 8 is composed of a plurality of right-angle and linear pipelines and is connected with the drying chamber 2 to form a circulating loop, and besides forced dehumidification by the dehumidification fan 6, damp and hot air flows in the circulating pipeline 8 and the drying chamber 2 in a circulating mode all the time, so that energy can be effectively saved.
The ultraviolet irradiation system comprises ultraviolet lamp tubes 1 and a lamp tube frame 17, wherein the ultraviolet lamp tubes 1 are arranged in parallel and fixed on the lamp tube frame 17, and the lamp tube frame 17 is arranged above quartz glass 3 on the upper wall of the drying chamber 2. The wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp tube 1 is 275-320 nm, namely UVB wave band.
The material drying and weighing system comprises a material tray 15, a material tray support 4 and an electronic balance 5, wherein the material tray 15 is connected with the material tray support 4, and the material tray support 4 is placed on the electronic balance 5 through a lower wall opening of the drying chamber 2.
The quartz glass 3 embedded in the upper wall of the drying chamber 2 should be quartz glass that is transparent to ultraviolet rays and has a thickness of not more than 1 mm.
The following is a specific example of the processing of low toxicity ginkgo nuts using the apparatus shown in figure 1:
example 1:
firstly, setting drying conditions that the drying temperature is 70 ℃, the wind speed is 10m/s, the early-stage air relative humidity is 25% RH, the duration is 30min, the middle-stage air relative humidity is 10% RH, the duration is 3h, and the later-stage air relative humidity is 5% RH until the drying is finished; removing shells and red skins of the fresh ginkgo nuts, and placing the fresh ginkgo nuts on a drying tray after the temperature and the humidity in a drying chamber are stable; thirdly, turning on ultraviolet rays with the intensity of 0.2W/m2The ultraviolet irradiation dose is 1kJ/m2(ii) a Drying for about 11h, cooling to room temperature to obtain low-toxicity gingko kernel with ginkgolic acid content of about 18.98mg/kg, which is about 57.82% lower than that of fresh gingko kernel.
Example 2:
firstly, setting drying conditions that the drying temperature is 50 ℃, the wind speed is 20m/s, the early-stage air relative humidity is 60% RH, the duration is 60min, the middle-stage air relative humidity is 25% RH, the duration is 4h, and the later-stage air relative humidity is 5% RH until the drying is finished; removing shells and red skins of the fresh ginkgo nuts, and placing the fresh ginkgo nuts on a drying tray after the temperature and the humidity in a drying chamber are stable; thirdly, turning on ultraviolet rays with the intensity of 0.2W/m2The ultraviolet irradiation dose is 20kJ/m2(ii) a Fourthly, after the drying lasts for about 38 hours, the moisture content of the ginkgo is about 11 percent, and the ginkgo is cooled to the room temperature, thus obtaining the low-toxicity ginkgo kernel. The ginkgolic acid content of the ginkgo biloba extract is about 15.64mg/kg, which is about 65.24% lower than that of fresh ginkgo biloba.
Example 3:
firstly, setting drying conditions that the drying temperature is 90 ℃, the wind speed is 3m/s, the early-stage air relative humidity is 30% RH, the duration is 15min, the middle-stage air relative humidity is 15% RH, the duration is 4h, and the later-stage air relative humidity is 5% RH until the drying is finished; removing shells and red skins of the fresh ginkgo nuts, and placing the fresh ginkgo nuts on a drying tray after the temperature and the humidity in a drying chamber are stable; thirdly, turning on ultraviolet rays with the intensity of 10W/m2The ultraviolet irradiation dose is 20kJ/m2(ii) a Fourthly, after the drying lasts for about 8 hours, the moisture content of the ginkgo is about 11 percent, and the ginkgo is cooled to the room temperature, thus obtaining the low-toxicity ginkgo kernel. The ginkgolic acid content is about 17.83mg/kg, which is about 60.37% lower than that of fresh ginkgo.
Example 4:
firstly, setting drying conditions that the drying temperature is 80 ℃, the wind speed is 10m/s, the early-stage air relative humidity is 20% RH, the duration is 20min, the middle-stage air relative humidity is 15% RH, the duration is 3h, and the later-stage air relative humidity is 8% RH until the drying is finished; removing shells and red skins of the fresh ginkgo nuts, and placing the fresh ginkgo nuts on a drying tray after the temperature and the humidity in a drying chamber are stable; thirdly, turning on ultraviolet rays with the intensity of 2W/m2The ultraviolet irradiation dose is 10kJ/m2(ii) a Drying for about 10h until the water content of the ginkgo is about 11%To low-toxicity ginkgo kernels. The ginkgolic acid content is about 16.73mg/kg, which is about 62.82 percent lower than that of the fresh ginkgo.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and any modifications or alterations that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A processing device of low-toxicity ginkgo kernels is characterized by comprising an air flow circulating system, a temperature and humidity control system, an ultraviolet irradiation system and a material drying and weighing system, wherein,
the air flow circulating system comprises a centrifugal fan, a drying chamber and an air flow circulating pipeline, and an air inlet and an air outlet of the centrifugal fan are connected with the air flow circulating pipeline; the drying chamber is of a cuboid structure, a rectangular window is formed in the upper wall of the drying chamber, quartz glass is embedded in the drying chamber, and a hole is formed in the lower wall of the drying chamber so that the tray support can pass through the drying chamber; a humidifying hole and an air inlet hole are arranged on the airflow circulating pipeline and close to the air inlet of the centrifugal fan, and a moisture exhausting hole is arranged on the air outlet close to the drying chamber;
the temperature and humidity control system comprises a signal acquisition and output control module, a temperature and humidity sensor, an electric heating sheet, a humidifying hole, a steam generator, a steam pipeline electromagnetic valve, a dehumidifying hole and a dehumidifying fan; the output end of the signal acquisition and output control module is connected with the electric heating sheet, the centrifugal fan, the moisture exhaust fan and the steam pipeline electromagnetic valve, the input end of the signal acquisition and output control module is connected with a signal wire of a temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity sensor penetrates through the upper wall of the drying chamber and is suspended at a position above the side of the charging tray; the moisture exhausting fan is connected with the moisture exhausting hole, and when the humidity is greater than a set value, the moisture exhausting fan is started to forcibly exhaust moisture;
the ultraviolet irradiation system comprises ultraviolet lamp tubes and a lamp tube rack, wherein the ultraviolet lamp tubes are arranged in parallel and fixed on the lamp tube rack, and the lamp tube rack is arranged above the quartz glass on the upper wall of the drying chamber;
the material drying and weighing system comprises a material tray, a material tray support and an electronic balance, wherein the material tray is connected with the material tray support, and the material tray support is placed on the electronic balance through a lower wall opening of the drying chamber;
the processing device of the low-toxicity ginkgo kernels can accurately control the drying temperature, the airflow speed, the air humidity and the ultraviolet irradiation intensity, and the parameter control range is that the drying temperature is 20-95 ℃, the precision is +/-0.1 ℃, the airflow speed is 0-20 m/s, the humidity is 5-70% RH, the precision is +/-3% RH, and the ultraviolet irradiation intensity is 0.2-10W/m2The precision is +/-0.1W/m2；
The air flow circulating pipeline consists of a plurality of right-angle and linear pipelines and is connected with the drying chamber to form a circulating loop, and besides the forced dehumidification by the dehumidification fan, the damp and hot air circulates and flows in the circulating pipeline and the drying chamber all the time, so that the energy can be effectively saved;
the airflow circulating pipeline and the drying chamber are made of stainless steel materials, the thickness of the airflow circulating pipeline and the drying chamber is not less than 2mm, and heat insulation cotton with the thickness of not less than 1cm is wrapped outside the airflow circulating pipeline and the drying chamber;
the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp tube is 275-320 nm, namely UVB wave band.
2. The apparatus for processing semen Ginkgo with low toxicity of claim 1, wherein the quartz glass embedded in the upper wall of the drying chamber is a quartz glass which can transmit ultraviolet rays and has a thickness of not more than 1 mm.
3. A processing method of low-toxicity ginkgo kernels is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting fresh gingko without mildewing and deterioration;
(2) removing shells and red coats of the ginkgo nuts;
(3) drying semen Ginkgo in the device of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the drying temperature is 50-90 deg.C, the relative humidity of air is 5-60% RH, the air flow speed is 3-20 m/s, and the ultraviolet irradiation intensity is 0.2-10W/m2The ultraviolet irradiation amount is 1 to 20kJ/m2Stopping drying when the moisture content of the wet base of the ginkgo is below 11%;
(4) cooling semen Ginkgo to room temperature to obtain low-toxicity semen Ginkgo;
the air phase relative humidity control mode in the step (3) is as follows: the early-stage air relative humidity is 20-30% RH, the duration is 20-60 min, the middle-stage air relative humidity is 10-15% RH, the duration is 3-4 h, and the later-stage air relative humidity is 5-8% RH until the drying is finished.
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