CN108208337A - A kind of composite feed dietary fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of composite feed dietary fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108208337A CN108208337A CN201711400431.7A CN201711400431A CN108208337A CN 108208337 A CN108208337 A CN 108208337A CN 201711400431 A CN201711400431 A CN 201711400431A CN 108208337 A CN108208337 A CN 108208337A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of composite feed dietary fibers, it includes the component of following parts by weight：Peanut shell 15-25, corncob 15-25, wheat stalk 15-25, sweet potato vine 15-25, alfalfa dietary fiber 15-25；The dissolubility of the composite feed dietary fiber is 80-90%, holds oily power as 1.34 ± 0.03g/g, and retention ability is 1.64 ± 0.12g/g, and expansive force is 6.37 ± 0.27g/g.Diet fiber product dilatancy of the present invention, excellent adsorption, retention ability is strong, fermentability is high, starch contained therein, albumen and phytic acid content are low, the content of fermentable fibres and water-soluble fibre is improved, while reduce chemically treated time and the concentration of NaOH by fermenting after distinctive expanding treatment, reduce reduction of the alkali process to dietary fiber inherent function, there is no environmental pollution, improve the economic benefit of product.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of feed additive technology, and in particular to a kind of composite feed dietary fiber and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Dietary fiber (DF) is a kind of mixture of complexity, includes a large amount of constituents in food.It is universal in the world at present
Think that " dietary fiber refers to the general name of not easily digested macromolecular substances based on polysaccharide, including plant
Property lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, pectin, collagen, a small amount of constituent for example glycoprotein, wax, cutin,
Polyphenol ester etc..Numerous studies show that it, to preventing, treating enteron aisle and disease of cardiovascular system has effects that special, can also make
It is added in food for a kind of special food additives and plays the role of filling, gelling, thickening and emulsification, therefore, by people
Referred to as " the 7th nutrient ".
It is most important for the healthy growth of livestock and poultry that suitable dietary fiber is added in feed, be mainly due to its it is good can
Fermented, retentiveness, dilatancy, adsorptivity and ion exchange.The study found that suitable dietary fiber is added in daily ration
The growth performance of livestock and poultry can be improved, promotes intestines peristalsis, adjusts intestinal microbial balance, stimulates intestinal growth, improves enteron aisle
Health.Fu Hao etc. thinks addition 8%-10% dietary fibers in feed, can improve Large White Sow reproductive performance；Ioannis
Doctor Mavromichalis suggests that the crude fiber level of farrowing sow should be in 6%-8% in the case where limiting feeding；Wu Dejiao
The crude fiber level for awarding suggestion farrowing sow is 5%-7%.Suitable dietary fiber is added in feed can enhance farrowing sow
Satiety, reduce stereotypic behavior and it is unnecessary stress, have the function of reduce prevention of sow constipation, improvement sow milk water quality, change
Kind sow welfare and the reproductive performance for improving sow.
Common cellulose origin has wheat bran, megasse, maize peel, soybean skin, corncob etc. in feed, but these crude fibres are former
Total fiber content is relatively low (crude fiber content is usually no more than 12% in such as wheat bran) in material, and fermentable fibres content is lower, adds
It is poor that feed palatability is easily led to when dosage is high, it is big to account for formulation space, dilutes nutrient concentration, and adsorption energy force difference, it is impossible to play
The effect of absorbing mycotoxin.Therefore, production prepares content of cellulose height, excellent adsorption, swellability and retention ability height, can ferment
The strong dietary fiber of property is particularly important.Such as sweet potato vine, wheat stalk, corncob and clover etc. can be high-quality as preparing
The raw material sources of dietary fiber, abundance is of low cost, while reduces the waste of resource.
At present, the preparation method of dietary fiber mainly has：Fractionation, membrane separation process, ultrasonic extraction, enzymatic isolation method and hair
Ferment method.Wherein, it is easy to operate the most commonly used is being prepared by chemical acid alkali method, it is of low cost, but holding for dietary fiber can be reduced
Waterpower and dilatancy influence the utilizing status of dietary fiber, and pure enzymatic isolation method is with high costs.
Invention content
The present invention is directed to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of composite feed dietary fiber and preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, technical solution provided by the invention is：
The composite feed includes the component of following parts by weight with diet fiber package：Peanut shell 15-25, corncob 15-25, wheat
Stalk 15-25, sweet potato vine 15-25, alfalfa dietary fiber 15-25；The dissolubility of the composite feed dietary fiber
It is 80-90%, holds oily power as 1.34 ± 0.03g/g, retention ability is 1.64 ± 0.12g/g, and expansive force is 6.37 ± 0.27g/g.
Preferably, the composite feed includes the component of following parts by weight with diet fiber package：Peanut shell 20, corncob 20, wheat
Stalk 20, sweet potato vine 20, alfalfa dietary fiber 20.
The preparation method of above-mentioned composite feed dietary fiber includes the following steps：
(1) take free from admixture, nothing is gone mouldy, non-oxidation is rancid and rich in fiber, the peanut shell derived from a wealth of sources, corncob, wheat stalk,
Sweet potato vine and alfalfa are shredded and are mixed after crushing, and obtain composite fibre；
(2) composite fibre is subjected to expanding treatment postcooling to room temperature；
(3) by the composite fibre after expanding treatment and water in mass ratio 1:(5-10) it mixes, access complex microorganism bacterial classification carries out
Fermentation process, the zymotic fluid after must fermenting；
(4) zymotic fluid is sterilized and cooled down, then added in NaOH and carry out alkaline hydrolysis, with the aqueous soluble dietary in ethanol precipitation zymotic fluid
Fiber obtains fibre material；
(5) fibre material is centrifuged, obtains supernatant and precipitation；Supernatant is obtained into by-product after being concentrated in vacuo, being spray-dried；It will
After precipitation is washed with ethyl alcohol, the moisture being dried in precipitation is 8-10%, is crushed after precipitating up to composite feed diet
Fiber.
Preferably, in step (1) peanut shell, corncob, wheat stalk, sweet potato vine and alfalfa shred to grain size for 0.5-
1cm smashes it through 40-80 mesh sieve.
Preferably, the swelling temperature in step (2) during expanding treatment is 120-130 DEG C, screw speed during expanding treatment
160-170r/min, the moisture of the composite fibre after expanding treatment is 30-40%；The room temperature is 20-25 DEG C.
Preferably, complex microorganism bacterial classification described in step (3) is by Bulgarian Lactobacillus, aspergillus niger, koning trichoderma, the torrid zone
Candida, bacillus subtilis are by weight (2.5-3.5)：(1.5—2.5)：(1.5—2.5)：(1.5—2.5)：1 group
Into；The time of the fermentation process is 24-48h, and the temperature of the fermentation process is 32-36 DEG C, zymotic fluid during fermentation process
Initial pH value for 6-7, the inoculum concentration of complex microorganism bacterial classification is 10-15% during fermentation.
Preferably, complex microorganism bacterial classification described in step (3) is by Bulgarian Lactobacillus, aspergillus niger, koning trichoderma, the torrid zone
Candida, bacillus subtilis are by weight 3：2：2：2：1 composition.
Preferably, cooling described in step (4) is to be cooled to 40-50 DEG C；The mass percent concentration of the NaOH for 1-
2%, the temperature of the alkaline hydrolysis is 40-50 DEG C, and the time of the alkaline hydrolysis is 20-40min, and the percent by volume of the ethyl alcohol is dense
It is 95% to spend, and the time of the ethanol precipitation is 25-35min.
Preferably, centrifugal condition described in step (5) is：1000-1500r/min centrifuges 15-25min；The ethyl alcohol is body
The ethyl alcohol that product percent concentration is 70-80%；The temperature of the drying is 60-65 DEG C, and the precipitation smashes it through 60-80
Mesh sieves.
Preferably, by-product described in step (5) be bioactivity including dextrin, small peptide, phosphoinositide and oligosaccharides into
Point.
Heretofore described moisture refers to mass percentage content.
The invention will be further described below：
The present invention improves fermentation efficiency by expanding treatment fiber；The Bulgaria for selecting starch, protein degradation absorbability strong
Bacillus acidi lactici and bacillus subtilis, at the same selected can efficient degradation cellulose, the aspergillus niger of hemicellulose, koning trichoderma,
Candida tropicalis reduces the content of difficult fermentable fiber, increases the ratio of fermentability fiber in composite feed fiber.And
And the not only anti-nutrition such as low starch, low albumen and low phytic acid of the dietary fiber finished product with reference to obtained by alkaline lysis and ethanol precipitation
The factor, dietary fiber have high retention ability, adsorptivity, dilatancy and fermentability, environmentally protective high financial profit.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, crushing, expanding treatment fibrous raw material are first passed through in the method for the present invention, reduces anti-nutritional factors content, improves fiber type
Distribution proportion.On this basis, it is fermented using microorganism, it being capable of more fully degraded starch, protein, especially indissoluble
Property neutral detergent fiber, increase the content of fermentable fibres in dietary fiber, improve the quality of dietary fiber.
2nd, traditional enzymatic isolation method is expensive, and alkaline hydrolysiss destroy the inherent characteristic of dietary fiber, for example, retention ability, dilatancy and
Absorption property, the present invention first pass through the strong Bulgarian Lactobacillus of screening starch, protein degradation absorbability and withered grass gemma
Bacillus, while selected energy efficient degradation cellulose, the aspergillus niger of hemicellulose, koning trichoderma, candida tropicalis, abundant ferment
The other compositions in raw material have been solved, have improved containing for advantage fiber (Soluble Fiber and fermentability fiber) in dietary fiber
Amount.
3rd, by fermentation process, the degree of follow-up alkali process is alleviated, compared with independent alkali process, passes through alkali after fermentation process
The NaOH concentration of processing and processing time significantly reduce, the less influence to dietary fiber quality.
4th, the bioactive ingredients such as dextrin, small peptide, phosphoinositide and oligosaccharides are rich in the dietary fiber byproduct that the present invention extracts,
Good feed for pet can be used as.
5th, the present invention can make full use of peanut shell, corncob, wheat stalk, sweet potato vine and alfalfa, while also avoid
The pollution of environment.
In short, the present invention is based on the endemic element of fibrous raw material and the design feature of dietary fiber, a high efficiency low cost is provided
Can industrialized production composite feed dietary fiber and preparation method thereof.Diet fiber product dilatancy of the present invention,
Excellent adsorption, retention ability is strong, and fermentability is high, and starch contained therein, albumen and phytic acid content are low.The present invention passes through distinctive puffing place
Fermentation improves the content of fermentable fibres and water-soluble fibre after reason, while reduces the dense of chemically treated time and NaOH
Degree reduces reduction of the alkali process to dietary fiber inherent function, without environmental pollution, improves the economic benefit of product.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to specific embodiment.Raw material involved by following embodiments are such as
No special instruction is obtained by purchase in the market, and involved detection method is conventional method unless otherwise instructed.
Embodiment one
A kind of preparation method of composite feed dietary fiber, includes the following steps：
(1) take (free from admixture, nothing are gone mouldy, non-oxidation is rancid) peanut shell, corncob, wheat stalk, sweet potato vine and alfalfa each
500g is mixed after being chopped into the solid granulates of grain size 0.8cm, be crushed 60 mesh, is obtained composite fibre.
(2) composite fibre is subjected to expanding treatment, swelling temperature is 125 DEG C, screw speed 165r/min when puffing, after puffing
The moisture of composite fibre is 35%, 125 DEG C of temperature,.
(3) composite fibre after will be puffing is cooled to room temperature, with 1 after crushing：7 moisture mixing, 121 DEG C of high pressure-temperature sterilizings,
Liquid state fermentation is carried out, strain used in fermentation is Bulgarian Lactobacillus, aspergillus niger, koning trichoderma, candida tropicalis, withered grass
Bacillus；Ratio 3：2：2：2：1, fermentation time 32h, 34 DEG C of fermentation temperature, strain inoculum concentration 10%, zymotic fluid initial pH value
6.5。
(4) zymotic fluid after fermentation is cooled to 45 DEG C in 121 DEG C of sterilization treatments, then adds in mass percent concentration and is
1.5% NaOH carries out alkaline hydrolysis, and the alkaline hydrolysis time is 30min, then water-soluble with the ethanol precipitation that concentration of volume percent is 95%
Dietary fiber, duration 30min, obtains fibre material；
(5) will fibre material centrifuges 20min under the conditions of 1000r/min, supernatant is concentrated in vacuo, is spray-dried,
Byproduct of the invention is obtained, wherein rich in dextrin, the byproducts such as small peptide, phosphoinositide, available for preparing feed for pet；After centrifugation
Precipitation be dried to moisture be 8-10%, crushed 60 mesh and obtain composite feed dietary fiber.
Embodiment 2
Functional characteristic analysis (1) expansive force of compound feeding dietary fiber：Weigh the 0.4g water-soluble dietary fiber powder amounts of being put into
Cylinder in, write down the volume of water-soluble dietary fiber dry product, 10mL distilled water accurately pipetted with pipette and is added thereto, shake up after
At room temperature overnight, the absolute ethyl alcohol of 4 times of volumes is then added in, reads the body of water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) precipitated in liquid
Product.0.1g insoluble diedairy fiber powder accurately is weighed, is placed in test tube, 10mL distilled water is added in, is stood at room temperature after mixing
12h reads volume after sample sedimentation.
Expansive force=[volume (mL)-dry product volume (mL) after swelling]/sample dry weight (g)
(2) retention ability：It weighs 1g water-soluble dietary fiber powder to be put into beaker, then adds in water 100mL, at room temperature electromagnetism
After stirring 12h, the absolute ethyl alcohol precipitation of 4 times of volumes is added in, filters, weighs.1g samples accurately are weighed, are placed in test tube, are added in
40mL distilled water, 12h is stood after mixing at room temperature, and 4000r/min centrifugation 20min claim quality after removing supernatant.
Retention ability=[(fiber wet weight g- fiber dry weights g)/fiber dry weight g] × 100%
(3) oily power is held：1.0g dietary fibers are weighed in 25mL centrifuge tubes, add in peanut oil 5mL, 37 DEG C stand l h, 4000r/
Min centrifuges 25min, discards the oil and residue on upper strata, free oil is blotted with filter paper, is weighed.
Hold oily power (g/g)=[sample oil weight (g)-sample dry weight (g)]/sample dry weight (g)
It the results are shown in Table 1：
Table 1
| Dissolubility (%) | Hold oily power (g/g) | Expansive force (ml/g) | Retentiveness (g/g) | |
| Composite dietary | 87 | 1.34±0.03 | 6.37±0.27 | 1.64±0.12 |
Claims (10)
1. a kind of composite feed dietary fiber, which is characterized in that the composite feed includes following parts by weight with diet fiber package
Component：Peanut shell 15-25, corncob 15-25, wheat stalk 15-25, sweet potato vine 15-25, alfalfa dietary fiber
15—25；The dissolubility of the composite feed dietary fiber is 80-90%, holds oily power as 1.34 ± 0.03g/g, retention ability
For 1.64 ± 0.12g/g, expansive force is 6.37 ± 0.27g/g.
2. composite feed dietary fiber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that composite feed diet fiber package
Include the component of following parts by weight：Peanut shell 20, corncob 20, wheat stalk 20, sweet potato vine 20, alfalfa dietary fiber 20.
3. the preparation method of composite feed dietary fiber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the method includes as follows
Step：
(1) it takes rich in fiber, peanut shell, corncob, wheat stalk, sweet potato vine and the alfalfa derived from a wealth of sources is shredded and crushed
After mix, obtain composite fibre；
(2) composite fibre is subjected to expanding treatment postcooling to room temperature；
(3) by the composite fibre after expanding treatment and water in mass ratio 1:（5—10）Mixing, access complex microorganism bacterial classification carry out
Fermentation process, the zymotic fluid after must fermenting；
(4) zymotic fluid is sterilized and cooled down, then added in NaOH and carry out alkaline hydrolysis, with the aqueous soluble dietary in ethanol precipitation zymotic fluid
Fiber obtains fibre material；
(5) fibre material is centrifuged, obtains supernatant and precipitation；Supernatant is obtained into by-product after being concentrated in vacuo, being spray-dried；It will
After precipitation is washed with ethyl alcohol, the moisture being dried in precipitation is 8-10%, is crushed after precipitating up to composite feed diet
Fiber.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that step（1）Middle peanut shell, corncob, wheat stalk, sweet potato vine
It is 0.5-1cm to be shredded with alfalfa to grain size, smashes it through 40-80 mesh sieve.
5. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that step（2）Swelling temperature during middle expanding treatment for 120-
130 DEG C, the moisture of the composite fibre after expanding treatment is 30-40%；The room temperature is 20-25 DEG C.
6. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that step（3）Described in complex microorganism bacterial classification by Bulgaria
Bacillus acidi lactici, aspergillus niger, koning trichoderma, candida tropicalis, bacillus subtilis are by weight（2.5—3.5）：（1.5—
2.5）：（1.5—2.5）：（1.5—2.5）：1 composition；The time of the fermentation process be 24-48h, the temperature of the fermentation process
It is 32-36 DEG C to spend, and the initial pH value of zymotic fluid is 6-7 during fermentation process, and the inoculum concentration of complex microorganism bacterial classification is during fermentation
10—15%。
7. method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that step（3）Described in complex microorganism bacterial classification by Bulgaria
Bacillus acidi lactici, aspergillus niger, koning trichoderma, candida tropicalis, bacillus subtilis are by weight 3：2：2：2：1 composition.
8. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that step（4）Described in cooling be to be cooled to 40-50 DEG C；It is described
The mass percent concentration of NaOH is 1-2%, and the temperature of the alkaline hydrolysis is 40-50 DEG C, time of the alkaline hydrolysis for 20-
40min, the concentration of volume percent of the ethyl alcohol is 95%, and the time of the ethanol precipitation is 25-35min.
9. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that step（5）Described in centrifugal condition be：1000—1500r/
Min centrifuges 15-25min；The ethyl alcohol is the ethyl alcohol that concentration of volume percent is 70-80%；The temperature of the drying for 60-
65 DEG C, the precipitation smashes it through 60-80 mesh sieve.
10. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that step（5）Described in by-product be to include dextrin, small peptide, phosphorus
Bioactive ingredients including sour inositol and oligosaccharides.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110115388A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-13 | 唐山市食品药品综合检验检测中心 | A kind of preparation method of Dietary Fiber in Corncob |
| CN116076745A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-05-09 | 北京姿美堂生物技术股份有限公司 | Method for extracting soluble dietary fiber by combining low-temperature vacuum microwave puffing and fermentation and dietary fiber defaecation and weight-losing composition |
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| CN101961120A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-02-02 | 国投中鲁果汁股份有限公司 | Production method of concentrated sweet potato clear juice with high dietary fiber |
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| CN110115388A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-13 | 唐山市食品药品综合检验检测中心 | A kind of preparation method of Dietary Fiber in Corncob |
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