CN108206641A - A kind of low-loss all-wave active rectifier - Google Patents

A kind of low-loss all-wave active rectifier Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108206641A
CN108206641A CN201611182560.9A CN201611182560A CN108206641A CN 108206641 A CN108206641 A CN 108206641A CN 201611182560 A CN201611182560 A CN 201611182560A CN 108206641 A CN108206641 A CN 108206641A
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CN
China
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circuit
pmos transistor
capacitor
nmos
transistor
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Pending
Application number
CN201611182560.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙志亮
朱永成
况立雪
霍俊杰
豆玉娇
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Beijing Tongfang Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Beijing Tongfang Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201611182560.9A priority Critical patent/CN108206641A/en
Publication of CN108206641A publication Critical patent/CN108206641A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of low-power consumption all-wave active rectifier, the all-wave active rectifier includes electromagnetic induction termination power, cross-couplings NMOS crystal switch pipe circuits, active diode circuit, filter circuit, wherein, the output terminal connection cross-couplings NMOS crystal switch pipe circuits of electromagnetic induction termination power and the input terminal of active diode circuit, the output terminal connection filter circuit of active diode circuit, external input exchange signal Vin output voltage VDD_RF after active diode circuit, supply load uses after the filtered circuits of output voltage VDD_RF filter AC signal.Schottky diode or Low threshold MOS transistor are not used in all-wave active rectifier of the present invention, reduces the area of circuit layout, is conducive to the integrated of rectifier, and reduce extra mask and process, substantially reduces manufacture cost.

Description

A kind of low-loss all-wave active rectifier
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of integrated circuits more particularly to a kind of low-loss all-wave active rectifiers.
Background technology
Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is widely applied (target identification, contactless smart card, medical treatment implantation by it Deng) revolutionary life style is produced, still, for most of applications, passive RFID tags do not have embedded battery, They can only can just be activated when close to transmitter.Referring to Fig. 1, this is existing passive RFID tags wireless power supply system frame Figure, in passive RFID tags, radio frequency is captured by induction coil or antenna(Radio Frequency, RF) signal, then will Ac high-voltage is generated in the energy transmission to resonant tank of coupling, then DC voltage is converted thereof into to signal by rectifier Processor and other circuits provide power supply.Therefore, low-loss rectifier can extend tag read distance and reduce to reading The requirement of card device transmission power, design and research have very important significance.
It is existing full-wave rectifier circuit figure referring to Fig. 2.The full-wave rectifier is by four Schottky diode link-groups It closes, output terminal one storage capacitor of parallel connection, simple in structure, output voltage ripple is small, but Schottky diode has 0.7V to 1V's Pressure drop can not use in low-voltage system, and be difficult integrated in existing CMOS technology, so, existing diode structure It has been be abandoned that, but the MOS transistor that diode is used to link is replaced.It is existing switching mode full-wave rectifier electricity referring to Fig. 3 Lu Tu, the operation principle of the switching mode full-wave rectifier are as follows:When Vin is in positive half period, | as Vin continues to increase to Cut-in voltage Vthn, the MN20 conducting of MN20.When Vin1-VDD_RF voltage differences are more than the cut-in voltage of MP10 | Vthp | when, i.e., Vin10-VDD_RF>| Vthp |, MP10 is connected, the access of Vin, MP10, VDD_RF, MN20, Vin20 formation at this time, on access Pressure drop is | Vthp |+Vdsn, and persistently give load RL power supplies.Conversely, when Vin is in negative half-cycle, as Vin continues reversely Increase to cut-in voltage Vthn, the MN10 conducting of MN10.When Vin20-VDD_RF voltage differences are more than the cut-in voltage of MP20 | Vthp | when, i.e. Vin20-VDD_RF>| Vthp |, MP20 conductings, Vin10, MP20, VDD_RF, MN10, Vin20 form logical again at this time Road, the pressure drop on access be | Vthp |+Vdsn, and load RL power supplies are persistently given, in this way, VDD_RF is always a fixed positive electricity Pressure persistently can provide power supply to signal processor and other circuits.But no matter Vin is in positive half period or negative half period Phase, the pressure drop on rectifier conductive path be | Vthp |+Vdsn, but for low pressure and high power consumption system, | Vthp |+Vdsn Pressure drop will consume larger input voltage, substantially reduce system performance or even system can not work normally.It is modern advanced CMOS technology can further reduce cut-in voltage Vth, replace MP10 and MP20 with the NMOS transistor of zero cut-in voltage, in this way The performance of rectification circuit can be greatly improved, but the NMOS transistor of zero cut-in voltage needs additional increase mask and process, meeting Increase manufacture cost.
Summary, existing separate type schottky diode device is difficult to integrate, and expensive, occupies very big face Product, and traditional Schottky diode is replaced with MOS transistor, it solves integration problem, reduces cost to a certain extent And area, but MOS transistor diode cannot still solve the problems, such as pressure drop, and advanced CMOS process is used to reduce threshold voltage Method can improve manufacture cost again.Therefore it designs a low-voltage and integrates low-loss all-wave active rectifier just into the present invention's Target.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low-loss all-wave active rectifications Device has power transistor, and all power transistor groundworks have higher rectification efficiency on and off.
In order to reach foregoing invention purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of low-power consumption all-wave active rectifier, which is characterized in that the all-wave active rectifier includes electromagnetic induction coupling electricity Road, cross-couplings NMOS crystal switch pipes circuit, active diode circuit, filter circuit, wherein, electromagnetic induction termination power Output terminal connects the input terminal of cross-couplings NMOS crystal switch pipe circuits and active diode circuit, active diode circuit Output terminal connects filter circuit, external input exchange signal Vin output voltage VDD_RF after active diode circuit, output Supply load uses after the filtered circuits of voltage VDD_RF filter AC signal.
Preferably, in the all-wave active rectifier, electromagnetic induction termination power is by two inductors and a capacitor Composition, two inductors are respectively the first inductor and the second inductor, and a capacitor is the first capacitor, wherein, first The both ends connection AC power of inductor, one end of the second inductor connect one end of the first capacitor, the second inductor it is another One end connects the other end of the first capacitor, and the first inductor is connected with the second inductor by mutual inductance.
Preferably, in the all-wave active rectifier, cross-couplings NMOS crystal switch pipe circuits are by two NMOS crystal Pipe forms, respectively the first NMOS transistor and the second NMOS transistor, wherein, the source of the first NMOS transistor and second The source of NMOS transistor is connected and meets relatively GND, and the grid end of the first NMOS transistor connects the leakage of the second NMOS transistor End, the grid end of the second NMOS transistor connect the drain terminal of the first NMOS transistor, and the drain terminal of the first NMOS transistor connects external reception One end of antenna, the drain terminal of the second NMOS transistor connect the other end of external reception antenna.
Preferably, in the all-wave active rectifier, active diode circuit includes comparator, buffer and PMOS crystal Pipe, wherein, comparator is made of two primary comparators, respectively first comparator and the second comparator;Buffer is by two Primary buffer composition, respectively the first buffer and the second buffer;PMOS transistor is made of two native transistors, point It Wei not the first PMOS transistor and the second PMOS transistor;The input terminal of output the first buffer of termination of first comparator, the The grid end of output the first PMOS transistor of termination of one buffer, the negative input of first comparator terminate the first PMOS transistor Source, the positive input of first comparator terminate the drain terminal of the first PMOS transistor, the second buffering of output termination of the second comparator The input terminal of device, the grid end of output the second PMOS transistor of termination of the second buffer, the negative input termination the of the second comparator The source of two PMOS transistors, the positive input of the second comparator terminate the drain terminal of the second PMOS transistor, the first PMOS transistor Source connect the drain terminal of the first NMOS transistor, the source of the second PMOS transistor connects the drain terminal of the second NMOS transistor, first The drain terminal of PMOS transistor connects the drain terminal of the second PMOS transistor, and as the output terminal of all-wave active rectifier.
Preferably, the filter circuit is made of two capacitors and a resistance, and two capacitors are respectively the second electricity Container and third capacitor, a resistance are divided into first resistor, wherein, a termination all-wave active rectifier of the second capacitor Output terminal, another termination of the second capacitor relatively VSS, the output terminal of a termination all-wave active rectifier of first resistor VDD_RF, one end of another termination third capacitor of first resistor and as the output terminal VDDA of all-wave active rectifier, Another termination of three capacitors relatively GND.
Preferably, in the cross-couplings NMOS crystal switches pipe circuit, the first NMOS transistor and the 2nd NMOS crystal In linear zone when pipe is opened, pressure drop is in 200mv or so.
Preferably, in the active diode circuit, the power supply of the first buffer and the second buffer is active whole by all-wave The output voltage for flowing device output terminal VDDA provides.
Preferably, in the active diode circuit, the first PMOS transistor and the second PMOS transistor are in when opening Linear zone, pressure drop is in 200mv or so.
Preferably, in the filter circuit, the second capacitor is energy storage filter condenser, first resistor and third capacitor RC filter networks are formed, make the output terminal VDDA output voltage stabilizations of all-wave active rectifier, are used for load.
The present invention compared with existing technical solution, has the advantage that as a result of above-mentioned structure:
1)PMOS transistor groundwork is on and off, PMOS transistor when opening in active diode circuit of the present invention Linear zone, pressure drop very little, rectifier can be very good to meet low-pressure system power supply;
2)NMOS transistor, PMOS transistor are all operated in linear zone when charging to capacitor in the present invention, pressure drop very little, greatly Improve rectification efficiency greatly;
3)The use of active diode in the present invention, improves rectification efficiency, so as to reduce the requirement of filter condenser, subtracts Small chip area;
4)Schottky diode or Low threshold MOS transistor are not used in rectifier of the present invention, circuit version can be reduced in this way The area of figure is conducive to the integrated of rectifier, and can reduce extra mask and process, substantially reduces manufacture cost.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing passive RFID tags wireless power supply system block diagram.
Fig. 2 is existing full-wave rectifier circuit figure.
Fig. 3 is existing switching mode all-wave active rectifier circuits figure.
Fig. 4 is the all-wave active rectifier circuits figure that the present invention is embodied.
Fig. 5 is the all-wave active rectifier course of work circuit diagram that the present invention is embodied.
Fig. 6 is the all-wave active rectifier voltage conversion efficiency comparison diagram that the present invention is embodied.
Specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 4, the low-loss all-wave active rectifier circuits figure being embodied for the present invention.The all-wave active rectification Device includes electromagnetic induction termination power 101, cross-couplings NMOS crystal switch pipes circuit 102, active diode circuit 103, filter Wave circuit 104.
Wherein, electromagnetic induction termination power 101 includes:First inductor L1, the second inductor L2, the first capacitor C1. The both ends connection AC power of first inductor L1, one end of the first capacitor C1 of one end connection of the second inductor L2, second The other end of inductor L2 connects the other end of the first capacitor C1, and the second inductor L2 and the first inductor L1 pass through mutual inductance system Number is connected.
Cross-couplings NMOS crystal switch pipes circuit 102 includes the first NMOS transistor MN1 and the second NMOS transistor MN2.The source of first NMOS transistor MN1 is connected with the source of the second NMOS transistor MN2 and meets relatively GND, and first The grid end of NMOS transistor MN1 connects the drain terminal of the second NMOS transistor MN2, and the grid end of the second NMOS transistor MN2 connects first The drain terminal of NMOS transistor MN1, the drain terminal of the first NMOS transistor MN1 meet one end of reception antenna, the second NMOS transistor MN2 Drain terminal connect the other end of reception antenna.
Active diode circuit 103 includes first comparator CMP1, the second comparator CMP2, the first buffer BUF1, the Two buffer BUF2, the first PMOS transistor MP1 and the second PMOS transistor MP2.The output termination the of first comparator CMP1 The input terminal of one buffer BUF1, the grid end of the first PMOS transistor MP1 of output termination of the first buffer BUF1, first compares The negative input of device CMP1 terminates the source of the first PMOS transistor MP1, and the positive input of first comparator CMP1 terminates the first PMOS The drain terminal of transistor MP1, the input terminal of the second buffer BUF2 of output termination of the second comparator CMP2, the second buffer BUF2 The second PMOS transistor MP2 of output termination grid end, the negative input of the second comparator CMP2 terminates the second PMOS transistor MP2 Source, the positive input of the second comparator CMP2 terminates the drain terminal of the second PMOS transistor MP2, the first PMOS transistor MP1's Source connects the drain terminal of the first NMOS transistor MN1, and the source of the second PMOS transistor MP2 connects the leakage of the second NMOS transistor MN2 End, the drain terminal of the first PMOS transistor MP1 connect the drain terminal of the second PMOS transistor MP2, and as the output terminal VDD_ of rectifier RF。
Filter circuit 104 includes two capacitors and a resistance, and two capacitors are respectively the second capacitor C2 and the Three capacitor C3, a resistance is first resistor R1.The output terminal VDD_RF of a termination rectifier of second capacitor C2, second The output terminal VDD_RF, first resistor R1 of a termination rectifier of another termination of capacitor C2 relatively VSS, first resistor R1 Another termination third capacitor C3 one end, and be used as another output terminal VDDA, VDDA voltages than VDD_RF voltage stabilization, Power supply use is more suitable for, but driving force is limited, another termination of third capacitor C3 relatively GND.
The all-wave active rectifier course of work circuit diagram being embodied referring to Fig. 5, the present invention.The all-wave active rectifier The course of work is specific as follows:
When Vin is in positive half period, the course of work of rectifier can be divided into three state S1~S2~S3.In the S1 phases Between, work as 0V<Vin<During Vthn, the second NMOS transistor NM1 is closed, at this time 0V<Vin1<VDD_RF, at this time Vin1< VDD_RF, the first PMOS transistor MP1 are also at closed state, and it is brilliant to then flow through the second NMOS transistor NM2 and the first PMOS The electric current In2+Ip1 of body pipe MP1 is zero.Work as Vin>During Vthn, the second NMOS transistor NM2 is opened, and rectifier enters S2 states, As long as Vin1<VDD_RF, the first PMOS transistor MP1 are at closed state, at this point, flow through the second NMOS transistor NM2 and The electric current In2+Ip1 of first PMOS transistor MP1 is zero.As Vin continues to increase, work as Vin1>During VDD_RF, the first PMOS Transistor MP1 is also opened, and rectifier enters S3 states, at this point, MN2, Vin2, Vin1, MP1, VDD_RF form access, by the The electric current In2+Ip1 of bi-NMOS transistor NM2 and the first PMOS transistor MP1 charge to the second capacitor C2.
First resistor R1 and third capacitance C3 in filter circuit 104 of the present invention, according to the power dissipation design of actual circuit its The size of R1 and C3 can filter output high-frequency noise, and VDD_RF when big power consumption works has been isolated, it is interfered, VDDA output electricity Pressure is more stablized, and VDDA can be work perfectly well as the circuit more demanding to power supply stability and provide power supply.
It should be noted that the above embodiment only illustrates the basic ideas of the present invention in a schematic way, and in the present invention Related built-up circuit rather than built-up circuit number, shape, device arrangement mode, connection mode during according to actual implementation are painted System.The kenel of each circuit, quantity, connection mode, device arrangement mode, device parameters can be random change during its actual implementation Become.
Embodiment described above is only preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is impossible to limit prolonging for technical solution of the present invention It stretches.It is all to belong to the modification of any known technology, the equivalent variations that those skilled in the art are made on the basis of technical solution of the present invention Changed etc. with obvious, be within the scope of protection of the invention within.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of low-loss all-wave active rectifier, which is characterized in that the all-wave active rectifier is coupled including electromagnetic induction Circuit, cross-couplings NMOS crystal switch pipes circuit, active diode circuit, filter circuit, wherein, electromagnetic induction termination power Output terminal connection cross-couplings NMOS crystal switch pipe circuits and active diode circuit input terminal, active diode circuit Output terminal connection filter circuit, external input exchange signal Vin output voltage VDD_RF after active diode circuit are defeated Go out supply load after the filtered circuits of voltage VDD_RF filter AC signal to use.
2. electromagnetic induction termination power as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the electromagnetic induction termination power is by two Inductor and capacitor composition, two inductors are respectively the first inductor and the second inductor, and a capacitor is the One capacitor, wherein, the both ends connection AC power of the first inductor, one end of the second inductor connects the one of the first capacitor End, the other end of the second inductor connect the other end of the first capacitor, and the first inductor and the second inductor pass through mutual inductance system Number is connected.
3. cross-couplings NMOS crystal switches pipe circuit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the cross-couplings NMOS Crystal switch pipe circuit is made of two NMOS transistors, respectively the first NMOS transistor and the second NMOS transistor, wherein, The source of first NMOS transistor is connected with the source of the second NMOS transistor and connects relatively GND, the first NMOS transistor Grid end connect the drain terminal of the second NMOS transistor, the grid end of the second NMOS transistor connects the drain terminal of the first NMOS transistor, first The drain terminal of NMOS transistor connects one end of external reception antenna, and the drain terminal of the second NMOS transistor meets the another of external reception antenna End.
4. active diode circuit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the active diode circuit includes comparing Device, buffer and PMOS transistor, wherein, comparator is made of two primary comparators, respectively first comparator and second Comparator;Buffer is made of two primary buffers, respectively the first buffer and the second buffer;PMOS transistor is by two A native transistor composition, respectively the first PMOS transistor and the second PMOS transistor;The output termination the of first comparator The input terminal of one buffer, the grid end of output the first PMOS transistor of termination of the first buffer, the negative input of first comparator The source of the first PMOS transistor is terminated, the positive input of first comparator terminates the drain terminal of the first PMOS transistor, and second compares The input terminal of output the second buffer of termination of device, the grid end of output the second PMOS transistor of termination of the second buffer, second The negative input of comparator terminates the source of the second PMOS transistor, and the positive input of the second comparator terminates the second PMOS transistor Drain terminal, the source of the first PMOS transistor connect the drain terminal of the first NMOS transistor, and the source of the second PMOS transistor connects second The drain terminal of NMOS transistor, the drain terminal of the first PMOS transistor connect the drain terminal of the second PMOS transistor, and active whole as all-wave Flow the output terminal of device.
5. filter circuit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the filter circuit is by two capacitors and a resistance Composition, two capacitors are respectively the second capacitor and third capacitor, and a resistance is first resistor, wherein, the second capacitance The output terminal of one termination all-wave active rectifier of device, another termination of the second capacitor relatively VSS, one end of first resistor The output terminal VDD_RF of all-wave active rectifier is met, one end of another termination third capacitor of first resistor simultaneously has as all-wave The output terminal VDDA of source rectifier, another termination of third capacitor relatively GND.
6. cross-couplings NMOS crystal switches pipe circuit as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the cross-couplings NMOS In crystal switch pipe circuit, in linear zone when the first NMOS transistor and the second NMOS transistor are opened, pressure drop is on a 200mv left sides It is right.
7. active diode circuit as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in the active diode circuit, first is slow The power supply for rushing device and the second buffer is provided by the output voltage of all-wave active rectifier output terminal VDDA.
8. active diode circuit as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in the active diode circuit, first In linear zone when PMOS transistor and the second PMOS transistor are opened, pressure drop is in 200mv or so.
9. filter circuit as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in the filter circuit, the second capacitor is filtered for energy storage Wave capacitor, first resistor and third capacitor composition RC filter networks, export the output terminal VDDA of all-wave active rectifier Voltage stabilization is used for load.
CN201611182560.9A 2016-12-20 2016-12-20 A kind of low-loss all-wave active rectifier Pending CN108206641A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1192474C (en) * 1998-12-02 2005-03-09 精工爱普生株式会社 Power supply device, power supply method, portable electronic apparatus, and electronic timepiece
US20110134674A1 (en) * 2009-12-07 2011-06-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated Active rectifier and method for energy harvesting power management circuit

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1192474C (en) * 1998-12-02 2005-03-09 精工爱普生株式会社 Power supply device, power supply method, portable electronic apparatus, and electronic timepiece
US20110134674A1 (en) * 2009-12-07 2011-06-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated Active rectifier and method for energy harvesting power management circuit

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GAURAV BAWA等: "A High Efficiency Full-Wave Rectifier in Standard CMOS Technology", 《2007 50TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS》 *
HYUNG-MIN LEE等: "An Integrated Power-Efficient Active Rectifier With Offset-Controlled High Speed Comparators for Inductively Powered Applications", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I: REGULAR PAPERS》 *

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