CN108200886A - 一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术 - Google Patents

一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术 Download PDF

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CN108200886A
CN108200886A CN201611178307.6A CN201611178307A CN108200886A CN 108200886 A CN108200886 A CN 108200886A CN 201611178307 A CN201611178307 A CN 201611178307A CN 108200886 A CN108200886 A CN 108200886A
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bumblebee
bee
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nurse
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CN108200886B (zh
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王星
陆秀玉
张煜
王淑君
于鲲
王新
刘霁瑶
张玉龙
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Eastern Liaoning University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术,主要通过利用外来熊蜂作保姆蜂来实现;饲养的本土熊蜂蜂王产卵后,在其发育到幼虫阶段时,补充一定数量即将出房的外来熊蜂工蜂蛹;补充的外来熊蜂工蜂出房后,即与本土熊蜂蜂王和平相处,并孵化、哺育本土熊蜂的幼虫,成为本土熊蜂的保姆蜂,从而促进本土熊蜂蜂群的繁殖;在本土熊蜂的工蜂出房后,除去诱入的保姆蜂,防止繁育出保姆蜂的雄性蜂;本快速繁育技术通过引入外来熊蜂作保姆蜂,可以减轻本土熊蜂蜂王的繁育负担,促进本土熊蜂形成强大的蜂群;本发明为本土熊蜂的保护与利用提供了技术支持,对于预防外来熊蜂的生物入侵有重要意义。

Description

一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术
技术领域
本发明属于熊蜂饲养应用技术领域,特别涉及一种能够促进本土熊蜂繁育的技术。
背景技术
熊蜂是多种植物特别是高山植物、高原植物以及一些濒危植物的重要传粉者,在保持生物多样性及维持生态系统平衡方面起着极为重要的作用。熊蜂在温室中表现出高度适应性,可为多种果蔬授粉,尤其是熊蜂还能够为蜜蜂不爱采集的茄科作物授粉,在现代农业生产中体现出重要作用。
欧洲熊蜂(Bombus terrestris)饲养成活率高,蜂群工蜂数量多,是商业化程度最高的熊蜂品种。欧洲熊蜂在全球范围内的销售,现已在澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、以色列、智利和阿根廷等国家建立野生种群,形成熊蜂生物入侵。欧洲熊蜂与本土熊蜂竞争蜜粉源植物和筑巢地点,传播寄生螨、线虫等原生动物病虫害,还能与本土熊蜂杂交产生不育子代。
我国从 1998 年开始引入欧洲熊蜂为温室作物传粉,现在每年引进授粉熊蜂数量数以万计,正面临严峻的外来熊蜂入侵的威胁。如果欧洲熊蜂入侵可能引起我国本土传粉昆虫生物多样性降低,进而危害我国生态系统传粉功能的安全。
由于我国在熊蜂授粉应用研究领域起步较晚,温室作物授粉目前仍主要依赖进口。我国设施栽培果蔬面积居于世界首位,熊蜂授粉应用潜力巨大。我国是全世界熊蜂种质资源最丰富的国家,有丰富的本土熊蜂种质资源。因此,加强熊蜂繁育技术的研究,替代进口授粉熊蜂,在温室作物中推广应用,对促进我国现代农业的发展、防止熊蜂生物入侵有重要作用。
发明内容:
本发明要解决的技术问题是:主要通过在本土熊蜂蜂王繁育初期补充外来熊蜂工蜂蛹来实现。
经过冬眠的本土熊蜂蜂王在激活、产卵,逐渐进入幼虫期,此时补充一定数量即将出房的外来熊蜂工蜂蛹。补充的外来熊蜂工蜂蛹出房后,自觉融入本土熊蜂的蜂群,成为本土熊蜂的家庭成员,可以促使本土蜂群提前分工,本土熊蜂蜂王主要负责产卵,并保持其旺盛的繁殖力;诱入的保姆蜂负责孵化、哺育、饲喂、维持巢温等工作,可促进本土熊蜂幼虫的发育,从而减轻蜂王的负担可促进本土熊蜂形成强壮的蜂群,繁育出的工蜂体型平均大于本土蜂王单独哺育的第一批工蜂;当本土熊蜂的工蜂大量出房时,将前期诱入的外来熊蜂保姆蜂去除,防止由于外来熊蜂保姆蜂的工蜂产卵,通过孤雌生殖的方式,产生外来熊蜂保姆蜂的雄性后代。
本发明的技术方案:
1.一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术,其特征是:经过冬眠的本土熊蜂蜂王激活、产卵后,进入幼虫期时,补充一定数量即将出房的外来熊蜂工蜂蛹。
2.如上所述的一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术,其特征是:补充的外来熊蜂工蜂蛹出房后,成为本土熊蜂的保姆蜂。
3. 如上所述的一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术,其特征是:当本土熊蜂的工蜂大量出房时,将前期诱入的外来熊蜂保姆蜂去除,防止产生保姆蜂的雄性后代。
本技术发明的优点及有益效果是:
1.在本土熊蜂的繁育初期诱入外来熊蜂作保姆蜂,保姆蜂出房后自然融入本土熊蜂的蜂群,两种熊蜂之间没有争斗行为,安全、快捷、方便。
2.与常规的单只本土熊蜂蜂王繁育相比,可使本土熊蜂的工蜂总数增加10~15%,本土工蜂体重平均增加3~5%,缩短本土熊蜂繁育期10~15天,从而促进本土熊蜂的繁殖。本土熊蜂繁育技术的提高,为本土熊蜂在温室作物授粉的推广与应用奠定基础。
附图说明
图1本土熊蜂快速繁育技术路线图。

Claims (3)

1.一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术,其特征是:经过冬眠的本土熊蜂蜂王激活、产卵后,进入幼虫期时,补充一定数量即将出房的外来熊蜂工蜂蛹。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术,其特征是:补充的外来熊蜂工蜂蛹出房后,成为本土熊蜂的保姆蜂。
3.根据权利要求1和2所述的一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术,其特征是:当本土熊蜂的工蜂大量出房时,将前期诱入的外来熊蜂保姆蜂去除,防止产生保姆蜂的雄性后代。
CN201611178307.6A 2016-12-19 2016-12-19 一种本土熊蜂快速繁育技术 Active CN108200886B (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111418554A (zh) * 2020-03-17 2020-07-17 吉林省养蜂科学研究所(吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心) 一种熊蜂快速繁育方法
CN113841607A (zh) * 2021-09-08 2021-12-28 上海惠和种业有限公司 一种利用苍蝇为蔬菜制种授粉的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1820592A (zh) * 2006-03-28 2006-08-23 衡水田益生防有限责任公司 短舌熊蜂的规范化人工繁殖技术
JP2007006902A (ja) * 2006-10-18 2007-01-18 Tamagawa Gakuen マルハナバチの飼育方法
CN102077808A (zh) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-01 盐城槐源蜂业科技发展有限公司 野生熊蜂繁育技术
CN104886007A (zh) * 2015-06-26 2015-09-09 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 一种提升熊蜂商品群繁殖速度的方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1820592A (zh) * 2006-03-28 2006-08-23 衡水田益生防有限责任公司 短舌熊蜂的规范化人工繁殖技术
JP2007006902A (ja) * 2006-10-18 2007-01-18 Tamagawa Gakuen マルハナバチの飼育方法
CN102077808A (zh) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-01 盐城槐源蜂业科技发展有限公司 野生熊蜂繁育技术
CN104886007A (zh) * 2015-06-26 2015-09-09 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 一种提升熊蜂商品群繁殖速度的方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111418554A (zh) * 2020-03-17 2020-07-17 吉林省养蜂科学研究所(吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心) 一种熊蜂快速繁育方法
CN113841607A (zh) * 2021-09-08 2021-12-28 上海惠和种业有限公司 一种利用苍蝇为蔬菜制种授粉的方法

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