CN108199685B - Detection system and method for photovoltaic power station combiner box - Google Patents
Detection system and method for photovoltaic power station combiner box Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection system of a photovoltaic power station combiner box, which consists of a current detection module, a voltage detection module, a temperature detection module, a signal processing communication main control module and a Modbus/TCP gateway. Aiming at the severe working environment of the combiner box, the magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding technology is adopted to acquire/output the operation parameters of the combiner box, so that the accuracy and the reliability of the acquired data are improved; the Modbus and TCP double-layer network is designed to transmit data, so that the stability and reliability of remote data transmission are improved, and good TCO is achieved. The photovoltaic array state of the hidden connotation of the operation parameters of the combiner boxes is deeply excavated, and the photovoltaic array state is judged according to the absolute/relative dispersion rate of the current of the group of the combiner boxes, so that the operation and maintenance quality, the power generation capacity and the economic benefit of a photovoltaic power station can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power stations; the detection system and the detection method are particularly used for collecting/outputting the operation parameters of the combiner box by adopting magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding technologies, transmitting data by means of a Modbus and TCP double-layer network, and judging the state of the photovoltaic array according to the absolute/relative dispersion rate of the current of the combiner box group string.
Background
In 2017, 1 month and 5 days, the national energy agency released an energy development plan (hereinafter referred to as a plan). And (3) planning and formulating constraint indexes: "the total energy consumption is controlled within 50 hundred million tons of standard coal by 2020", "the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption is increased to more than 15% in the planning period", and "the solar power generation installation reaches more than 1.1 hundred million kilowatts in 2020". Energy is taken as an input element of economic growth and belongs to three major pillars (energy, materials and information) supporting social development, and meanwhile, the global warming and ecological environment deterioration greenhouse gas dominates over the genus Moss which is non-fossil energy. According to the energy storage structure in China, no matter increasing the domestic fossil energy supply or utilizing foreign resources, the method faces huge pressure. The rapid increase in demand poses serious challenges to the availability of energy resources, the capacity to bear the environment, and national energy safety.
In 2004, 11 months, the photovoltaic power station in south Australia, Guangdong province was put into production, and the construction preface of the photovoltaic power station in China was started. In 2008, a large number of domestic manufacturers are introduced into the photovoltaic industry, and photovoltaic enterprises break all at once; in 2011, 5 times more than 500 families in three years; in 2015, the rest of the photovoltaic enterprises shrink back to 100 in 2008. In 2011, 19 months, 10, the us photovoltaic macroproque solarwold initiated a back roll litigation in china. In 2012, Europe and America initiate photovoltaic 'double-reaction', the total amount of liabilities of 11 companies on the market in America is nearly 1500 hundred million, and the production of more than half enterprises is stopped or half is stopped. Silicon material purification, solar cell production and component packaging and photovoltaic terminal application are respectively carried out at the upper, middle and lower reaches of the photovoltaic whole industrial chain; considering from the perspective of technical content and added value, the method comprises the following steps of sequentially going up, down and midstream; the mid-trip threshold is low, the competition is fierce, the added value is small, and the method is exactly the habitat of domestic enterprises; in a sentence, the whole industry lacks the core technical support. 80% raw material inlet, 97% photovoltaic cell subassembly export.
In 2013, photovoltaic enterprises develop again, firstly, an industry chain extends to the upstream and downstream of a high added value, a core technology is mastered, a symbolic result is obtained, the efficiency of a solar cell is continuously improved, the price of a component continuously decreases, 2009 is 20 ￥/WP, 2012 is 10 ￥/WP, 2013 is 9 ￥/WP, 2015 is 8.2 ￥/WP, 2020 is 7.2 ￥/WP., a domestic photovoltaic power generation market is developed, a representative result is obtained, the capacity of a Chinese photovoltaic installation in nearly 5 years is that 2011 is 2.9GW, 2012 is 6.1GW, 2013 GW, 2014 is 12.8GW, 2015 is 16.6, 2013 is a first global photovoltaic installation market, a small number of global bidding capacities in China are listed, the increase of a new 15-20 GW/year drives the increase of the capital of the installation capacity of a photovoltaic installation, the sustainable development of an industrial challenge is increased, the sustainable development of the industrial challenge is uncertain, the environmental challenge of a foreign power generation mechanism is established, the cost of a billions is increased, the market of a full-year electricity generation cost-increasing, the market is increased, the cost of a market is increased, the market.
Statistics show that equipment faults are root causes of unplanned power loss of the photovoltaic power station; the power generation capacity and the economic benefit are more closely related to high-quality operation and maintenance on the first floor, and particularly are powerful grippers for non-subsidy photovoltaic bidding internet surfing in 2030. And step back, even if the operation and maintenance of the photovoltaic power station are concerned, the research tends to the power station control, and the research of detection and maintenance is relatively less. Returning to the step, when the system is detected and maintained, attention points of operators are often focused on an inverter, a sun tracking device and a photovoltaic array; the direct current combiner box is numerous, widely distributed, indispensable and seemingly simple. Taking a 250W single photovoltaic module, 20 single photovoltaic modules in a string and 16 inlet and outlet header boxes as an example, a 30MW power station needs to be provided with more than 400 header boxes; the confluence box is arranged outdoors, and the environment is severe along with wind, sand, rain and snow all the year round. At present, the failure rate of a direct current combiner box of a domestic photovoltaic power station is high, and the failures are subdivided into two types according to causes; the collected operation parameters of the combiner box are poor in precision and low in reliability, and the combiner box is poor in communication stability and low in reliability. In addition, deep mining of the combiner box operating parameters is missing, mostly stopping at a simple, extensive data presentation phase.
Aiming at the three defects, corresponding solutions are designed. Leading N (N is more than 1) photovoltaic string into a detection column of a junction box, and installing N Hall current sensors on the detection column of the junction box and correspondingly detecting the current of the string one by one; when a Hall current sensor i (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N) detects the current of the group string i, the interference of adjacent group strings causes 'poor precision and low reliability of collected operation parameters of a combiner box'; the solution is to add electromagnetic shielding outside the Hall current sensor. The RS485 theoretical transmission distance is 1200 m; the communication stability and reliability can not be ensured when the distance is more than 600m in engineering, and the space distance of large and medium photovoltaic power stations is more than 1200 m; the solution is a Modbus and TCP double-layer network architecture: and devices with the distance less than or equal to 300m are subjected to Modbus networking, and when the distance is greater than 300m, the devices are subjected to Modbus/TCP gateway networking. The operation parameters of the junction boxes conceive of the state of the photovoltaic array, and N paths of group strings led into the junction boxes are used as samples; calculating the absolute dispersion rate of the power generation amount of each photovoltaic string in a sample to obtain the real-time state of the photovoltaic array; inspecting the stored historical absolute discrete rate, comparing the historical absolute discrete rate with the absolute discrete rate for each photovoltaic string, and deriving a relative discrete rate; the relative dispersion rate represents the variation trend of the dispersion rate of the photovoltaic string; the relative dispersion rate assists the absolute dispersion rate to obtain the comprehensive dispersion rate, and the comprehensive dispersion rate represents the real-time state and the variation trend of the photovoltaic string, so that the comprehensive judgment of the state of the photovoltaic array is facilitated. It must be noted that the "historical absolute dispersion rate" is chosen to meet the confidence requirement. Taking the operation and maintenance of the western photovoltaic power station as an example, 1 time per quarter and 4 times of maintenance are arranged in a year; the cleaning cycle of the photovoltaic array is 1 time/month; therefore, the work of calibrating the historical absolute dispersion rate is preferably carried out during cleaning or maintenance, and the calibrated historical absolute dispersion rate is ensured to have the best reliability. A summary of representative intellectual property achievements of the photovoltaic power station header box detection system is as follows:
the invention discloses a solar power generation system and a control method of a combiner box thereof (ZL200910092186.7), and provides a method for controlling series-parallel connection among solar arrays to achieve working voltage and current required by a grid-connected inverter.
The invention relates to a photovoltaic array junction box (ZL201210066897.9), which provides that each branch of the junction box has a maximum power tracking function, and each branch works at the respective maximum power point; the combiner box comprises a voltage compensation unit connected with each branch circuit in series, and the voltage compensation enables the output voltage value of each branch circuit to be equal to the maximum value.
The invention provides a fuse state detection system of a combiner box and a method thereof (ZL201210095092.7), and the fuse state of the combiner box is monitored through input voltage of a photovoltaic cell, voltage of a direct current bus, output signals of a first detection circuit, a second detection circuit and a third detection circuit.
The 1 st and 2 nd patents are focused on topological recombination of the photovoltaic string and voltage compensation of the photovoltaic string, the theory is feasible, and the trail is difficult to find in the engineering; the 3 rd patent monitors the combiner box fuse, and the photovoltaic string current maps the state of the fuse, and introduces a special fuse monitoring unit, and the necessity is questionable. For the three major disadvantages of the bus box, the existing research results have limitations and countermeasures; therefore, further innovative designs are necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a detection system and a detection method for a photovoltaic power station combiner box.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme: the detection system of the photovoltaic power station combiner box comprises a current detection module of a1 st photovoltaic group string, a current detection module of a 2 nd photovoltaic group string, a current detection module of a3 rd photovoltaic group string, a current detection module of a4 th photovoltaic group string, a voltage detection module, a temperature detection module, a signal processing communication main control module and a Modbus/TCP gateway; the current detection module of the 1 st photovoltaic string, the current detection module of the 2 nd photovoltaic string, the current detection module of the 3 rd photovoltaic string, the current detection module of the 4 th photovoltaic string, the voltage detection module and the temperature detection module are respectively connected with the signal processing communication main control module; the signal processing communication main control module with the distance less than or equal to 300m adopts Modbus networking, the signal processing communication main control module with the distance more than 300m adopts Modbus/TCP gateway networking, and the combiner box detection system transmits data by means of a Modbus and TCP double-layer network; in a lower-layer Modbus network, a signal processing communication main control module is a slave computer, a Modbus/TCP gateway is a host computer, and information is exchanged according to a Modbus master-slave protocol; in an upper TCP network, information is exchanged between Modbus/TCP gateways according to a TCP protocol; based on a tunnel technology of embedding Modbus frames into TCP frames, TCP transmits Modbus protocol data;
the photovoltaic power station consists of a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, an inverter, an alternating current low-voltage switch cabinet and a step-up transformer, wherein the photovoltaic array is formed by combining serial and parallel photovoltaic components and outputs photovoltaic energy with rated voltage and current values; the positive end and the negative end of the photovoltaic array are respectively connected with a group string + and a group string-cable, and the group string + and the group string-cable are respectively connected with a group string positive end and a group string negative end of the combiner box; the cable led out from the positive end of the cluster is led out from a guide hole corresponding to the current detection column of the junction box, passes through the current detection module, the anti-reverse diode and the fuse corresponding to each cluster, and is connected to the positive junction plate; the positive bus bar and the negative bus bar output the photovoltaic energy of the photovoltaic array collected by the bus box to the inverter, the alternating-current low-voltage switch cabinet and the step-up transformer through the circuit breaker; the input end of the circuit breaker is connected with the surge protection device and the voltage detection module in parallel, and the voltage detection module acquires the voltage value at the input end of the circuit breaker; the temperature detection module is mounted close to the shell of the junction box and used for collecting the working temperature of the junction box;
in a current detection column of the combiner box, a current detection module of a1 st photovoltaic string, a current detection module of a 2 nd photovoltaic string, a current detection module of a3 rd photovoltaic string and a current detection module of a4 th photovoltaic string are arranged at equal intervals; the current detection module of the 1 st photovoltaic string comprises 3 concentric holes: the device comprises a guide hole, a mounting hole of a current detection module sensor circuit, an isolation hole and a shielding hole from inside to outside, wherein the guide hole is a through hole and is used for guiding a serial cable; the mounting hole is a blind hole, the depth of the blind hole is equal to 0.6 of the thickness of the current detection column, and the blind hole is used for mounting a Hall current sensor circuit of a current detection module of the 1 st photovoltaic string; the isolation and shielding hole is a through hole and is used for installing a magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding ring; the magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding ring is composed of an electromagnetic shielding body made of an inner layer copper material and a magnetic shielding body made of an outer layer ferrite, the electromagnetic shielding body is grounded, and the height of the magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding ring is equal to the thickness of the current detection column.
Preferably, the Hall current sensor circuit of the current detection module of the 1 st photovoltaic string comprises a Hall current sensor unit of model HBC06LTS3.3 and an operational amplifier unit of model OP-27, wherein the cable of the 1 st photovoltaic string passes through the hollow circle of the Hall current sensor unit, and the operational amplifier unit is a Butterworth filter,Conditioning a current signal of a1 st photovoltaic group string collected by a Hall current sensor unit; r121、R122、C122To each other, R121Another end of HBC06LTS3.3 is connected to foot 9, R122Another end of (1) and C121OP-27, pin 3, C121Is grounded at the other end, C122And the other end of which is connected with a pin 6 of the OP-27; r123And R124Are connected, the connected connection point is connected with the foot 2, R of the OP-27123The other end of (A) is grounded, R124And the other end of which is connected with a pin 6 of the OP-27; the pin 6 of the OP-27 is connected with an ATmega128 pin 61 of the signal processing communication main control module; 2/3/4 Hall current sensor circuits 220, 320 and 420 of the photovoltaic string, the outputs of which are respectively connected with ATmega128 pins 60, 59 and 58 of the signal processing communication main control module; the output of the voltage detection module is connected with an ATmega128 pin 57 of the signal processing communication main control module; the temperature detection module takes a temperature sensor DS18B20 as a core, a pin 1 of a DS18B20 is grounded, and a pin 3 is connected with a VCC，R600Are connected in parallel with the legs 2 and 3; pin 2 of the DS18B20 is connected to the ATmega128 pin 56 of the signal processing communication master control module; the signal processing communication main control module comprises a signal processing main control unit and an RS485 communication unit, wherein the MCU of the signal processing main control unit is ATmega128, and the magnetic isolation RS485 chip of the RS485 communication unit is ADM 2483; pins 3 and 2 of ATmega128 are respectively connected with pins 3 and 6 of ADM2483, and pins 13 and 12 of ADM2483 are respectively led out of B485 and A485 and accessed to a Modbus network;
the Modbus/TCP gateway comprises an RS485 interface unit, a protocol conversion main control unit, a TCP network card unit and an optical coupling unit, wherein the magnetic isolation RS485 chip of the RS485 interface unit adopts ADM2483, the MCU of the protocol conversion main control unit adopts AT91RM9200, the TCP network card unit adopts a DM9161 chip, and the photoelectric isolation chip of the optical coupling unit adopts 4 6N137 chips; the RS485 interface unit is connected with a Modbus network, the protocol conversion main control unit sends/receives Modbus frames through the RS485 interface unit, and in a Modbus master-slave network, a Modbus/TCP gateway is used as a host and schedules and manages the Modbus network; the protocol conversion main control unit embeds and packages the Modbus frame into a TCP frame, and sends the TCP frame to a TCP network, or receives the TCP frame of the TCP network, and analyzes the Modbus frame from the TCP frame; the TCP frame received by the optical coupling unit is transmitted to the protocol conversion main control unit through the DM9161 of the TCP network card unit, and the TCP frame of the protocol conversion main control unit is transmitted to the optical coupling unit through the DM9161 of the TCP network card unit; the optical coupling unit is connected to the TCP network through the RJ 45.
A photovoltaic string comprehensive discrete rate judging method of a detection system comprises the following steps of;
description of variables:
threshold value threshold _ integration of integrated dispersion rate of photovoltaic string
Low threshold value threshold _ integration _ low of integrated dispersion rate of photovoltaic string
Medium threshold value threshold _ integration _ middle of photovoltaic string comprehensive dispersion rate
High threshold value threshold _ integration _ high of integrated dispersion rate of photovoltaic string
Absolute dispersion _ absolute, real-time dispersion of current in a photovoltaic string of a combiner box
History absolute dispersion _ absolute _ history, the absolute dispersion selected as a reference standard during maintenance or cleaning, and updated once after each maintenance or cleaning
Relative dispersion _ relative, relative dispersion is absolute dispersion-historical absolute dispersion, and represents the variation trend of absolute dispersion
Integrated dispersion _ integration, the dispersion that characterizes the fusion variation trend of absolute dispersion
Description of the algorithm:
① mean average value filtering algorithm during photovoltaic string current sampling
Wherein I [ ] is the sampling current value array of the photovoltaic group string
② weighted algorithm of integrated discrete rate
dispersion_relative＝dispersion_absolute－dispersion_absolute_history (1)
dispersion_integration＝dispersion_absolute_history
+ θ × dispersion _ relative, weighting factor θ > 0 (2)
③ Algorithm of Absolute Dispersion Rate
Mean value of current of combiner box group
Mean square error of current of combiner box group
dispersion_absolute＝σ÷μ (5)
④ comprehensive discrete rate criterion of photovoltaic string
④ -1dispersion _ integration ≦ threshold _ integration _ low, the string current is normal
④ -2threshold _ integration _ low < dispersion _ integration ≦ threshold _ integration _ middle, string current daily tour
④ -3threshold _ integration _ middle < dispersion _ integration ≦ threshold _ integration _ high, group string current emphasis patrol
④ -4dispersion _ integration > threshold _ integration _ high, scheduling maintenance;
the method for judging the comprehensive dispersion rate of the photovoltaic string comprises the following steps:
s1, setting threshold _ integration _ low, threshold _ integration _ middle, threshold _ integration _ high and theta
Selecting dispersion _ absolute _ history during maintenance or cleaning
S2 collecting current I of collection combiner box setLkThe collected combiner box group serial current I is processed by an average value filtering algorithm in the positions of L1, 2, …, N and K1, 2,3 and 4Lk
S3, calculating the absolute discrete rate according to the formulas (3), (4) and (5)
Find the dispersion _ relative and the dispersion _ integration according to the formulas (1) and (2)
And S4, carrying out operation and maintenance according to comprehensive dispersion rate criteria of the photovoltaic string ④ -1, ④ -2, ④ -3 and ④ -4.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the detection system of the photovoltaic power station combiner box adopts the magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding technology to acquire/output the operation parameters of the combiner box aiming at the severe working environment of the combiner box, so that the accuracy and the reliability of acquired data are improved; the Modbus and TCP double-layer network is designed to transmit data, so that the stability and reliability of remote data transmission are improved, and good TCO is achieved. The photovoltaic array state of the hidden connotation of the operation parameters of the combiner boxes is deeply excavated, and the photovoltaic array state is judged according to the absolute/relative dispersion rate of the current of the group of the combiner boxes, so that the operation and maintenance quality, the power generation capacity and the economic benefit of a photovoltaic power station can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1(a) is a functional block diagram of a combiner box inspection system;
FIG. 1(b) is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power plant;
FIG. 1(c) is a schematic view of the structure of the junction box;
FIG. 1(d) is a view showing the structure of a current detecting column of a junction box;
FIG. 2(a) is a circuit diagram of a Hall current sensor of the 1 st photovoltaic string;
FIG. 2(b) is a circuit diagram of a temperature detection module of the junction box;
FIG. 2(c) is a circuit diagram of a signal processing communication master control module of the combiner box;
FIG. 2(d) is a Modbus/TCP gateway circuit diagram of the combiner box;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for determining a comprehensive dispersion ratio of a photovoltaic string.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
a detection system of a photovoltaic power station combiner box in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1(a), fig. 1(b), fig. 1(c), and fig. 1(d), the detection system of a photovoltaic power station combiner box is composed of a current detection module 100 of a1 st photovoltaic string, a current detection module 200 of a 2 nd photovoltaic string, a current detection module 300 of a3 rd photovoltaic string, a current detection module 400 of a4 th photovoltaic string, a voltage detection module 500, a temperature detection module 600, a signal processing communication main control module 700, and a Modbus/TCP gateway 800; the current detection module 100 of the 1 st photovoltaic string, the current detection module 200 of the 2 nd photovoltaic string, the current detection module 300 of the 3 rd photovoltaic string, the current detection module 400 of the 4 th photovoltaic string, the voltage detection module 500 and the temperature detection module 600 are respectively connected with the signal processing communication main control module 700; the signal processing communication main control module 700 with the distance less than or equal to 300m adopts Modbus networking, the signal processing communication main control module 700 with the distance greater than 300m is networked through a Modbus/TCP gateway 800, and a combiner box detection system transmits data by means of a Modbus and TCP double-layer network; in a lower-layer Modbus network, a signal processing communication main control module 700 is a slave computer, a Modbus/TCP gateway 800 is a host computer, and information is exchanged according to a Modbus master-slave protocol; in an upper TCP network, the Modbus/TCP gateway 800 exchanges information according to a TCP protocol; based on a tunnel technology of embedding Modbus frames into TCP frames, TCP transmits Modbus protocol data;
the photovoltaic power station consists of a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, an inverter, an alternating current low-voltage switch cabinet and a step-up transformer, wherein photovoltaic modules are connected in series and in parallel to form the photovoltaic array and output photovoltaic energy with rated voltage and current values; the positive end and the negative end of the photovoltaic array are respectively connected with a group string + and a group string-cable, and the group string + and the group string-cable are respectively connected with a group string positive end and a group string negative end of the combiner box; the cable led out from the positive end of the cluster is led out from a guide hole corresponding to the current detection column of the junction box, passes through the current detection module, the anti-reverse diode and the fuse corresponding to each cluster, and is connected to the positive junction plate; the positive bus bar and the negative bus bar output the photovoltaic energy of the photovoltaic array collected by the bus box to the inverter, the alternating-current low-voltage switch cabinet and the step-up transformer through the circuit breaker; the input end of the circuit breaker is connected with the surge protection device and the voltage detection module 500 in parallel, and the voltage detection module 500 collects the voltage value at the input end of the circuit breaker; the temperature detection module 600 is mounted close to the housing of the junction box and used for collecting the working temperature of the junction box;
in the current detection column of the combiner box, a current detection module 100 of a1 st photovoltaic string, a current detection module 200 of a 2 nd photovoltaic string, a current detection module 300 of a3 rd photovoltaic string and a current detection module 400 of a4 th photovoltaic string are arranged at equal intervals; the current sensing module 100 of the 1 st string of photovoltaic groups comprises 3 concentric holes: the guide hole 110, the mounting hole of the current detection module sensor circuit, the isolation hole and the shielding hole are respectively arranged from inside to outside, and the guide hole 110 is a through hole and is used for guiding the serial cable; the mounting hole is a blind hole, the depth of the blind hole is equal to 0.6 of the thickness of the current detection column, and the blind hole is used for mounting the hall current sensor circuit 120 of the current detection module 100; the isolation and shielding holes are through holes for mounting the magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding rings 130; the magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding ring 130 is composed of an electromagnetic shielding body 131 made of copper material as an inner layer and a magnetic shielding body 132 made of ferrite as an outer layer, the electromagnetic shielding body 131 is grounded, and the height of the magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding ring 130 is equal to the thickness of the current detection column.
Description 1: without loss of generality, the number of photovoltaic string introduced into the detection column of the combiner box is 4. The structures of the photovoltaic power station and the combiner box are briefly described in consideration of the completeness of the expression; the related content is marked by a broken line frame in the attached drawings, and the related devices in the text are distinguished by device description without a sequence number.
As shown in fig. 2(a), 2(b), 2(c) and 2(d), the hall current sensor circuit 120 of the current detection module 100 includes a hall current sensor unit 121 of model HBC06LTS3.3 and an operational amplifier unit 122 of model OP-27, wherein a cable of the 1 st pv string passes through a hollow circle of the hall current sensor unit 121, the operational amplifier unit 122 is a butterworth filter, and conditions the 1 st pv string current signal collected by the hall current sensor unit 121; r121、R122、C122To each other, R121Another end of HBC06LTS3.3 is connected to foot 9, R122Another end of (1) and C121OP-27, pin 3, C121Is grounded at the other end, C122And the other end of which is connected with a pin 6 of the OP-27; r123And R124Are connected, the connected connection point is connected with the foot 2, R of the OP-27123The other end of (A) is grounded, R124And the other end of which is connected with a pin 6 of the OP-27; the pin 6 of the OP-27 is connected with the ATmega128 pin 61 of the signal processing communication main control module 700; 2/3/4 th photovoltaic string Hall currentThe output of the sensor circuit is respectively connected with ATmega128 pins 60, 59 and 58 of the signal processing communication main control module 700; the output of the voltage detection module 500 is connected with an ATmega128 pin 57 of the signal processing communication main control module 700; the temperature detection module 600 takes a temperature sensor DS18B20 as a core, a pin 1 of a DS18B20 is grounded, and a pin 3 is connected with a VCC，R600Are connected in parallel with the legs 2 and 3; pin 2 of the DS18B20 is connected to the ATmega128 pin 56 of the signal processing communication master control module 700; the signal processing communication main control module 700 comprises a signal processing main control unit 710 and an RS485 communication unit 720, wherein the MCU of the signal processing main control unit 710 is ATmega128, and the magnetic isolation RS485 chip of the RS485 communication unit 720 is ADM 2483; pins 3 and 2 of ATmega128 are respectively connected with pins 3 and 6 of ADM2483, and pins 13 and 12 of ADM2483 are respectively led out of B485 and A485 and accessed to a Modbus network;
the Modbus/TCP gateway 800 comprises an RS485 interface unit 810, a protocol conversion main control unit 820, a TCP network card unit 830 and an optical coupling unit 840, wherein an ADM2483 is adopted as a magnetic isolation RS485 chip of the RS485 interface unit 810, an AT91RM9200 is adopted as an MCU of the protocol conversion main control unit 820, a DM9161 chip is adopted as the TCP network card unit 830, and 4 6N137 chips are adopted as photoelectric isolation chips of the optical coupling unit 840; the RS485 interface unit 810 is connected with a Modbus network, the protocol conversion main control unit 820 sends/receives Modbus frames through the RS485 interface unit 810, and in the Modbus master-slave network, the Modbus/TCP gateway 800 serves as a host and schedules and manages the Modbus network; the protocol conversion main control unit 820 embeds and packages the Modbus frame into a TCP frame, and sends the TCP frame to a TCP network, or receives the TCP frame of the TCP network, and analyzes the Modbus frame from the TCP frame; the TCP frame received by the optical coupler unit 840 is transmitted to the protocol conversion main control unit 820 through the DM9161 of the TCP network card unit 830, and the TCP frame of the protocol conversion main control unit 820 is transmitted to the optical coupler unit 840 through the DM9161 of the TCP network card unit 830; the optical coupling unit 840 is connected to the TCP network via an RJ 45.
Description 2: the voltage detection module is similar to the current detection module, and the model of the hall voltage sensor is HBVOSA3.3, which is only mentioned and not discussed herein.
As shown in fig. 3, a flow of a method for judging comprehensive dispersion rate of photovoltaic strings of a photovoltaic power station combiner box detection system; description of variables:
threshold value threshold _ integration of integrated dispersion rate of photovoltaic string
Low threshold value threshold _ integration _ low of integrated dispersion rate of photovoltaic string
Medium threshold value threshold _ integration _ middle of photovoltaic string comprehensive dispersion rate
High threshold value threshold _ integration _ high of integrated dispersion rate of photovoltaic string
Absolute dispersion _ absolute, real-time dispersion of current in a photovoltaic string of a combiner box
History absolute dispersion _ absolute _ history, the absolute dispersion selected as a reference standard during maintenance or cleaning, and updated once after each maintenance or cleaning
Relative dispersion _ relative, relative dispersion is absolute dispersion-historical absolute dispersion, and represents the variation trend of absolute dispersion
Integrated dispersion _ integration, the dispersion that characterizes the fusion variation trend of absolute dispersion
Description of the algorithm:
① mean average value filtering algorithm during photovoltaic string current sampling
Wherein I [ ] is the sampling current value array of the photovoltaic group string
② weighted algorithm of integrated discrete rate
dispersion_relative＝dispersion_absolute－dispersion_absolute_history (1)
dispersion _ integration _ history + θ × dispersion _ relative, weighting coefficient θ > 0 (2)
③ Algorithm of Absolute Dispersion Rate
Mean value of current of combiner box group
Mean square error of current of combiner box group
dispersion_absolute＝σ÷μ (5)
④ comprehensive discrete rate criterion of photovoltaic string
④ -1dispersion _ integration ≦ threshold _ integration _ low, the string current is normal
④ -2threshold _ integration _ low < dispersion _ integration ≦ threshold _ integration _ middle, string current daily tour
④ -3threshold _ integration _ middle < dispersion _ integration ≦ threshold _ integration _ high, group string current emphasis patrol
④ -4dispersion _ integration > threshold _ integration _ high, scheduling maintenance;
the method for judging the comprehensive dispersion rate of the photovoltaic string comprises the following steps:
s1, setting threshold _ integration _ low, threshold _ integration _ middle, threshold _ integration _ high and theta
Selecting dispersion _ absolute _ history during maintenance or cleaning
S2 collecting current I of collection combiner box setLkThe collected combiner box group serial current I is processed by an average value filtering algorithm in the positions of L1, 2, …, N and K1, 2,3 and 4Lk
S3, calculating the absolute discrete rate according to the formulas (3), (4) and (5)
Find the dispersion _ relative and the dispersion _ integration according to the formulas (1) and (2)
And S4, carrying out operation and maintenance according to comprehensive dispersion rate criteria of the photovoltaic string ④ -1, ④ -2, ④ -3 and ④ -4.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A detection system of a photovoltaic power station combiner box is characterized by comprising a current detection module (100) of a1 st photovoltaic group string, a current detection module (200) of a 2 nd photovoltaic group string, a current detection module (300) of a3 rd photovoltaic group string, a current detection module (400) of a4 th photovoltaic group string, a voltage detection module (500), a temperature detection module (600), a signal processing communication main control module (700) and a Modbus/TCP gateway (800); the current detection module (100) of the 1 st photovoltaic group string, the current detection module (200) of the 2 nd photovoltaic group string, the current detection module (300) of the 3 rd photovoltaic group string, the current detection module (400) of the 4 th photovoltaic group string, the voltage detection module (500) and the temperature detection module (600) are respectively connected with the signal processing communication main control module (700); the signal processing communication main control module (700) with the distance less than or equal to 300m adopts Modbus networking, the signal processing communication main control module (700) with the distance more than 300m is networked through a Modbus/TCP gateway (800), and the collection box detection system transmits data by means of a Modbus and TCP double-layer network; in a low-layer Modbus network, a signal processing communication main control module (700) is a slave, a Modbus/TCP gateway (800) is a host, and information is exchanged according to a Modbus master-slave protocol; in an upper TCP network, the Modbus/TCP gateway (800) exchanges information according to a TCP protocol; based on a tunnel technology of embedding Modbus frames into TCP frames, TCP transmits Modbus protocol data;
the photovoltaic power station consists of a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, an inverter, an alternating current low-voltage switch cabinet and a step-up transformer, wherein the photovoltaic array is formed by combining serial and parallel photovoltaic components and outputs photovoltaic energy with rated voltage and current values; positive and negative lead group string + and group string of photovoltaic array－Cable, string + and string－The cable is respectively connected with the group string positive end and the group string negative end of the combiner box; the cable led out from the positive end of the cluster is led out from a guide hole corresponding to the current detection column of the junction box, passes through the current detection module, the anti-reverse diode and the fuse corresponding to each cluster, and is connected to the positive junction plate; the positive bus bar and the negative bus bar output the photovoltaic energy of the photovoltaic array collected by the bus box to the inverter, the alternating-current low-voltage switch cabinet and the step-up transformer through the circuit breaker; input end parallel surge protector of circuit breakerThe protection device comprises a protection device and a voltage detection module (500), wherein the voltage detection module (500) collects a voltage value at the input end of the circuit breaker; the temperature detection module (600) is mounted close to the shell of the junction box and used for collecting the working temperature of the junction box;
in a current detection column of the combiner box, a current detection module (100) of a1 st photovoltaic string, a current detection module (200) of a 2 nd photovoltaic string, a current detection module (300) of a3 rd photovoltaic string and a current detection module (400) of a4 th photovoltaic string are arranged at equal intervals; the current detection module (100) of the 1 st photovoltaic string comprises 3 concentric holes: the lead hole (110), the mounting hole of the current detection module sensor circuit, the isolation hole and the shielding hole are respectively arranged from inside to outside, and the lead hole (110) is a through hole and used for guiding the serial cable; the mounting hole is a blind hole, the depth of the blind hole is equal to 0.6 of the thickness of the current detection column, and the blind hole is used for mounting a Hall current sensor circuit (120) of a current detection module (100) of the 1 st photovoltaic string; the isolation and shielding hole is a through hole and is used for installing a magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding ring (130); the magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding ring (130) is composed of an electromagnetic shielding body (131) made of an inner layer copper material and a magnetic shielding body (132) made of an outer layer ferrite, the electromagnetic shielding body (131) is grounded, and the height of the magnetic isolation and electromagnetic shielding ring (130) is equal to the thickness of the current detection column.
2. The detection system of the photovoltaic power station combiner box of claim 1, wherein the hall current sensor circuit (120) of the current detection module (100) of the 1 st photovoltaic string comprises a hall current sensor unit (121) of model HBC06LTS3.3 and an operational amplifier unit (122) of model OP-27, the cable of the 1 st photovoltaic string passes through a hollow circle of the hall current sensor unit (121), the operational amplifier unit (122) is a butterworth filter and conditions the 1 st photovoltaic string current signal collected by the hall current sensor unit (121); r121、R122、C122To each other, R121Another end of HBC06LTS3.3 is connected to foot 9, R122Another end of (1) and C121OP-27, pin 3, C121Is grounded at the other end, C122And the other end of which is connected with a pin 6 of the OP-27; r123And R124Are connected, the connected connection point is connected with the foot 2, R of the OP-27123The other end of (A) is grounded, R124And the other end of which is connected with a pin 6 of the OP-27; the pin 6 of the OP-27 is connected with an ATmega128 pin 61 of a signal processing communication main control module (700); 2/3/4 Hall current sensor circuit of photovoltaic group string, the output of which is connected with ATmega128 feet 60, 59, 58 of signal processing communication main control module (700); the output of the voltage detection module (500) is connected with an ATmega128 pin 57 of the signal processing communication main control module (700); the temperature detection module (600) takes a temperature sensor DS18B20 as a core, a pin 1 of the DS18B20 is grounded, and a pin 3 is connected with a VCC，R600Are connected in parallel with the legs 2 and 3; pin 2 of the DS18B20 is connected with the ATmega128 pin 56 of the signal processing communication main control module (700); the signal processing communication main control module (700) comprises a signal processing main control unit (710) and an RS485 communication unit (720), wherein the MCU of the signal processing main control unit (710) is ATmega128, and the magnetic isolation RS485 chip of the RS485 communication unit (720) is ADM 2483; pins 3 and 2 of ATmega128 are respectively connected with pins 3 and 6 of ADM2483, and pins 13 and 12 of ADM2483 are respectively led out of B485 and A485 and accessed to a Modbus network;
the Modbus/TCP gateway (800) comprises an RS485 interface unit (810), a protocol conversion main control unit (820), a TCP network card unit (830) and an optical coupling unit (840), wherein the magnetic isolation RS485 chip of the RS485 interface unit (810) adopts ADM2483, the MCU of the protocol conversion main control unit (820) adopts AT91RM9200, the TCP network card unit (830) adopts a DM9161 chip, and the photoelectric isolation chip of the optical coupling unit (840) adopts 4 6N137 chips; the RS485 interface unit (810) is connected with a Modbus network, the protocol conversion main control unit (820) sends/receives Modbus frames through the RS485 interface unit (810), and in a Modbus master-slave network, a Modbus/TCP gateway (800) is used as a host and schedules and manages the Modbus network; the protocol conversion main control unit (820) embeds and packages the Modbus frame into a TCP frame, sends the TCP frame to a TCP network, or receives the TCP frame of the TCP network, and analyzes the Modbus frame from the TCP frame; the TCP frame received by the optical coupling unit (840) is transmitted to the protocol conversion main control unit (820) through the DM9161 of the TCP network card unit (830), and the TCP frame of the protocol conversion main control unit (820) is transmitted to the optical coupling unit (840) through the DM9161 of the TCP network card unit (830); the optical coupling unit (840) is connected to the TCP network through the RJ 45.
3. A method for judging the comprehensive discrete rate of a photovoltaic string by using the detection system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps;
description of variables:
threshold value threshold _ integration of integrated dispersion rate of photovoltaic string
Low threshold value threshold _ integration _ low of integrated dispersion rate of photovoltaic string
Medium threshold value threshold _ integration _ middle of photovoltaic string comprehensive dispersion rate
High threshold value threshold _ integration _ high of integrated dispersion rate of photovoltaic string
Absolute dispersion _ absolute, real-time dispersion of current in a photovoltaic string of a combiner box
History absolute dispersion _ absolute _ history, the absolute dispersion selected as a reference standard during maintenance or cleaning, and updated once after each maintenance or cleaning
Relative dispersion _ relative, relative dispersion is absolute dispersion-historical absolute dispersion, and represents the variation trend of absolute dispersion
Integrated dispersion _ integration, the dispersion that characterizes the fusion variation trend of absolute dispersion
Description of the algorithm:
① mean average value filtering algorithm during photovoltaic string current sampling
Wherein I [ ] is the sampling current value array of the photovoltaic group string
② weighted algorithm of integrated discrete rate
dispersion_relative＝dispersion_absolute－dispersion_absolute_history (1)
dispersion _ integration _ history + θ × dispersion _ relative, weighting coefficient θ > 0 (2)
③ Algorithm of Absolute Dispersion Rate
Mean value of current of combiner box group
Mean square error of current of combiner box group
dispersion_absolute＝σ÷μ (5)
④ comprehensive discrete rate criterion of photovoltaic string
④ -1dispersion _ integration ≦ threshold _ integration _ low, the string current is normal
④ -2threshold _ integration _ low < dispersion _ integration ≦ threshold _ integration _ middle, string current daily tour
④ -3threshold _ integration _ middle < dispersion _ integration ≦ threshold _ integration _ high, group string current emphasis patrol
④ -4dispersion _ integration > threshold _ integration _ high, scheduling maintenance;
the method for judging the comprehensive dispersion rate of the photovoltaic string comprises the following steps:
s1, setting threshold _ integration _ low, threshold _ integration _ middle, threshold _ integration _ high and theta
Selecting dispersion _ absolute _ history during maintenance or cleaning
S2 collecting current I of collection combiner box setLkThe collected combiner box group serial current I is processed by an L-1, 2, … median filtering algorithm, N, k-1, 2,3,4Lk
S3, calculating the absolute discrete rate according to the formulas (3), (4) and (5)
Find the dispersion _ relative and the dispersion _ integration according to the formulas (1) and (2)
And S4, carrying out operation and maintenance according to comprehensive dispersion rate criteria of the photovoltaic string ④ -1, ④ -2, ④ -3 and ④ -4.
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