CN108197402B - 一种计算圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力方法 - Google Patents

一种计算圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力方法 Download PDF

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CN108197402B
CN108197402B CN201810046523.8A CN201810046523A CN108197402B CN 108197402 B CN108197402 B CN 108197402B CN 201810046523 A CN201810046523 A CN 201810046523A CN 108197402 B CN108197402 B CN 108197402B
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陶彪
耿大新
胡文韬
于洋
黄龙华
曾罗兰
王俊
刘豆
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East China Jiaotong University
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Abstract

一种计算圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力方法,包括以下步骤:将圆柱形洞室简化为平面应变问题,建立极坐标系,根据经典弹性力学理论,建立圆形洞室应变与应力之间的关系;通过重新推导运动方程使荷载随
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
变化;通过引入位移势函数求解控制方程,得到势函数与动应力与位移的关系;利用边界条件求解待定系数,将待定系数代入动应力方程,从而确定圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力。

Description

一种计算圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种计算圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力方法,属爆破力学技术领域。
背景技术
随着定向爆破在实际工程的应用越来越多,定向瞬态荷载对结构的变形以及产生的动应力也逐渐成为工程建筑领域中非常令人关注的问题。定向爆破因对结构影响小,可以在局部位置施加瞬态荷载,使结构在人为可控的情况下发生破坏,因而被广泛的运用于各类复杂的工程中。但是目前对圆形洞室在定向瞬态荷载下的动应力计算还没有非常好的方法,都只是通过数值模拟及现场检测来确定的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,针对圆形洞室在定向瞬态荷载下的动应力计算存在的问题,本发明提出一种计算圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:一种计算圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力方法,所述方法建立圆形洞室弹性应力应变关系;通过推导岩体介质位移的运动方程使荷载随θ变化;引入位移势函数求解岩体的控制方程,得到位移势函数与动应力及位移的关系;利用边界条件求解位移势函数的待定系数,将待定系数代入动应力方程,从而确定圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力。
所述圆形洞室弹性应力应变关系计算方法如下:
当非均匀瞬态荷载f从洞室内部传递至洞室边界后,在岩体中产生向外传播的膨胀波,洞室外的岩体视为单相固体介质,其本构关系为:
Figure BDA0001551081870000021
Figure BDA0001551081870000022
Figure BDA0001551081870000023
圆形洞室弹性应力应变的关系为:
σij=λ1δijεkk+2μ1εij (2)
其中,σij为圆形洞室弹性应力;λ1为岩体的第一类Lame常数;δij为Kronecker参数,当i≠j时δij=0,i=j时δij=1;εkk为为洞室体应变;μ1为第二类Lame常数;εij为洞室某方向上的应变。
在极坐标系下,所述岩体介质位移的运动方程为:
Figure BDA0001551081870000024
Figure BDA0001551081870000025
其中,σr为岩体径向应力;σθ为环向应力;σ为切向应力;ur为岩体介质的径向位移;uθ为环向位移;ρs为岩体密度;r为。
所述岩体的控制方程通过运动方程得到:
Figure BDA0001551081870000026
Figure BDA0001551081870000027
由于ur(r,θ,t)和uθ(r,θ,t)是相互耦合的,为了解耦引入岩体部分的标量势函数
Figure BDA0001551081870000031
和矢量势函数ψ(r,θ,t),根据Helmholtz矢量分解定理有:
Figure BDA0001551081870000032
所述位移势函数为:
Figure BDA0001551081870000033
将位移势函数代入控制方程,并对时间进行Laplace变换,
Figure BDA0001551081870000034
得式(9):
Figure BDA0001551081870000035
Figure BDA00015510818700000311
对(9)式进行整理可得:
Figure BDA0001551081870000036
由(10)式可得到势函数满足如下式的Helmholtz方程:
Figure BDA0001551081870000037
Figure BDA0001551081870000038
上面式中,k1为岩体介质中纵波波数;k2为岩体介质中膨胀波波数;s为Laplace变换参数;
Figure BDA00015510818700000312
为Laplace算子;
Figure BDA0001551081870000039
Figure BDA00015510818700000310
式中,ρs为岩体密度;λ1为岩体的第一类Lame常数;μ1为第二类Lame常数;
在极坐标下,Laplace算子带入Helmholtz方程,可得:
Figure BDA0001551081870000041
Figure BDA0001551081870000042
将式(15)、式(16)两式代入式(11)和式(12)Helmholtz方程,根据分离变量法的理论
Figure BDA0001551081870000043
带入上式,并对其Laplace变换,整理可得两个不同的波数方程:
Figure BDA0001551081870000049
Figure BDA0001551081870000044
其中:等式(17a)、等式(17b)是n阶虚宗量Bessel函数,ki为波数,下标i=1,2;
由上式可知,势函数在极坐标下的通解可用Bessel函数线性组合的形式表达:
Figure BDA0001551081870000045
Figure BDA0001551081870000046
式中,Ali、Bli、Cli、Dli为待定系数,i=1,2;In(·)为第一类虚宗量Bessel函数;Kn(·)为第二类虚宗量Bessel函数;
在无边界区域,根据Bessel函数的性质,In(k1r)与In(k2r)无法表征势函数
Figure BDA0001551081870000047
Figure BDA0001551081870000048
则岩体位移势函数可表示为:
Figure BDA0001551081870000051
将位移势函数(19)代入应力、位移方程并考虑本构方程中可得到应力位移与待定系数的关系如下所示:
Figure BDA0001551081870000052
Figure BDA0001551081870000053
Figure BDA0001551081870000054
Figure BDA0001551081870000055
Figure BDA0001551081870000056
其中,σr岩体径向应力;σθ为环向应力;σ为切向应力;ur为岩体介质的径向位移;uθ为环向位移;ρs为岩体密度;εr为岩体径向应变;εθ为环向应变;ε为切向应变。
在无限弹性介质中,一个半径为R的圆柱形洞室表面受定向瞬态冲击荷载作用如图2所示,激励函数如图3所示。利用边界条件求解上述位移势函数的待定系数如下:
考虑圆形洞室与岩体交界面边界可得:
当r=a时,
Figure BDA0001551081870000057
非均匀径向瞬态荷载在Laplace变换后对应表达式为:
Figure BDA0001551081870000061
式中:
Figure BDA0001551081870000062
将岩体内势函数表达式,带入边界条件
Figure BDA0001551081870000063
可得其矩阵表达如下式(24):
Figure BDA0001551081870000064
Figure BDA0001551081870000065
利用三角函数的正交性,可求解出势函数中各待定系数,待定系数矩阵如下:
Figure BDA0001551081870000066
其中:
Figure BDA0001551081870000067
Figure BDA0001551081870000068
Figure BDA0001551081870000069
Figure BDA00015510818700000610
Figure BDA0001551081870000071
Figure BDA0001551081870000072
Figure BDA0001551081870000073
Figure BDA0001551081870000074
Figure BDA0001551081870000075
Figure BDA0001551081870000076
E11、E12、E13、E14、P11、P12、P13、P14、M1、M2为待定系数前面的系数项;μ为剪切模量。
附图说明
图1是本发明计算在瞬态爆破荷载下圆形洞室动应力方法的流程图;
图2是圆形洞室受局部集中瞬态荷载示意图;
图3是时域激励特征函数示意图;
图中:1为圆形洞室;2为岩体。
具体实施方式
本发明计算在瞬态爆破荷载下圆形洞室动应力方法的流程如图1所示。
计算在瞬态爆破荷载下圆形洞室动应力方法的步骤如下:
(1)建立圆形洞室弹性应力应变关系;
(2)推导岩体介质位移的运动方程;
(3)对平衡方程进行拉普拉斯变换;
(4)引入位移势函数对岩体的控制方程进行求解;
(5)利用边界条件求解位移势函数的待定系数;
(6)将待定系数回代入方程;
(7)求得洞室内应力、位移。
本实施例在无限弹性介质中一个半径为R的圆柱形洞室表面受定向瞬态冲击荷载作用如图2所示,激励函数如图3所示。
利用边界条件求解上述势函数中的待定系数。
考虑圆形洞室与岩体交界面边界可得:
当r=a时,
Figure BDA0001551081870000081
非均匀径向瞬态荷载在Laplace变换后对应表达式为:
Figure BDA0001551081870000082
式中:
Figure BDA0001551081870000083
将岩体内势函数表达式,带入边界条件
Figure BDA0001551081870000084
可得其矩阵表达:
Figure BDA0001551081870000085
Figure BDA0001551081870000086
利用三角函数的正交性,可求解出势函数中各待定系数,待定系数矩阵如下:
Figure BDA0001551081870000091
其中:
Figure BDA0001551081870000092
Figure BDA0001551081870000093
Figure BDA0001551081870000094
Figure BDA0001551081870000095
Figure BDA0001551081870000096
Figure BDA0001551081870000097
Figure BDA0001551081870000098
Figure BDA0001551081870000099
Figure BDA00015510818700000910
Figure BDA00015510818700000911
E11、E12、E13、E14、P11、P12、P13、P14、M1、M2为待定系数前面的系数项;μ为剪切模量。

Claims (2)

1.一种计算圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力方法,其特征在于,所述方法建立圆形洞室弹性应力应变关系;通过推导岩体介质位移的运动方程使荷载随θ变化;引入位移势函数求解岩体的控制方程,得到位移势函数与动应力及位移的关系;利用边界条件求解位移势函数的待定系数,将待定系数代入动应力方程,从而确定圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力;其中,θ为极坐标下的极角;
所述圆形洞室弹性应力应变关系计算方法如下:
当非均匀瞬态荷载f从洞室内部传递至洞室边界后,在岩体中产生向外传播的膨胀波,洞室外的岩体视为单相固体介质,其本构关系为:
Figure FDA0003052052760000011
Figure FDA0003052052760000012
圆形洞室弹性应力应变的关系为:
σij=λ1δijεkk+2μ1εij
其中,σij为圆形洞室某方向的弹性应力;λ1为岩体的第一类Lame常数;δij为Kronecker参数,当i≠j时δij=0,i=j时δij=1;εkk为洞室体应变;μ1为第二类Lame常数;εij为洞室某方向上的应变;εr为岩体径向应变;εθ为岩体环向应变;r为极坐标下的极径;ur为岩体介质的径向位移;uθ为岩体介质的环向位移;
所述岩体介质位移的运动方程为:
Figure FDA0003052052760000013
Figure FDA0003052052760000014
其中,σr为岩体径向应力;σθ为环向应力;σ为切向应力;ρs为岩体密度;t为时间;
所述岩体的控制方程通过运动方程得到:
Figure FDA0003052052760000021
Figure FDA0003052052760000022
所述位移势函数为:
Figure FDA0003052052760000023
将位移势函数代入控制方程,并对时间进行Laplace变换,
Figure FDA0003052052760000024
得:
Figure FDA0003052052760000025
Figure FDA0003052052760000026
Figure FDA0003052052760000027
由上式得到势函数满足如下式的Helmholtz方程:
Figure FDA0003052052760000028
Figure FDA0003052052760000029
上面式中,k1为岩体介质中纵波波数;k2为岩体介质中膨胀波波数;s为Laplace变换参数;
Figure FDA00030520527600000210
为Laplace算子;
Figure FDA00030520527600000211
为岩体的位移标量势函数;ψ为岩体的位移矢量势函数;
Figure FDA00030520527600000212
为Laplace变换后的位移标量势函数;
Figure FDA00030520527600000213
为Laplace变换后的位移矢量势函数;
Figure FDA00030520527600000214
Figure FDA0003052052760000031
在极坐标下,Laplace算子带入Helmholtz方程,得:
Figure FDA0003052052760000032
Figure FDA0003052052760000033
将上面两式代入Helmholtz方程,根据分离变量法的理论
Figure FDA0003052052760000034
Figure FDA0003052052760000035
带入上式,并对其Laplace变换,整理得两个不同的波数方程:
Figure FDA0003052052760000036
Figure FDA0003052052760000037
由上式知,势函数在极坐标下的通解用Bessel函数线性组合的形式表达:
Figure FDA0003052052760000038
Figure FDA0003052052760000039
式中,Ali、Bli、Cli、Dli为待定系数,i=1,2;In(·)为第一类虚宗量Bessel函数;Kn(·)为第二类虚宗量Bessel函数;
在无边界区域,根据Bessel函数的性质,In(k1r)与In(k2r)无法表征势函数
Figure FDA00030520527600000310
则岩体位移势函数表示为:
Figure FDA00030520527600000311
将位移势函数代入应力、位移方程中得到:
Figure FDA0003052052760000041
Figure FDA0003052052760000042
Figure FDA0003052052760000043
Figure FDA0003052052760000044
Figure FDA0003052052760000045
其中,σr岩体径向应力;σθ为环向应力;σ为切向应力;ε为切向应变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种计算圆形洞室在定向爆破荷载下的动应力方法,其特征在于,所述利用边界条件求解位移势函数的待定系数如下:
考虑圆形洞室与岩体交界面边界得:
当r=a时,
Figure FDA0003052052760000046
非均匀径向瞬态荷载在Laplace变换后对应表达式为:
Figure FDA0003052052760000047
式中:
Figure FDA0003052052760000048
将岩体内势函数表达式,带入边界条件
Figure FDA0003052052760000049
得其矩阵表达:
Figure FDA00030520527600000410
Figure FDA0003052052760000051
其中:s为Laplace变换参数;F0为三角形脉冲荷载的峰值;In(·)为第一类虚宗量Bessel函数;Kn(·)为第二类虚宗量Bessel函数;
利用三角函数的正交性,求解出势函数中各待定系数,待定系数矩阵如下:
Figure FDA0003052052760000052
其中:
Al1、Bl1、Cl1、Dl1为待定系数;
Figure FDA0003052052760000053
Figure FDA0003052052760000054
Figure FDA0003052052760000055
Figure FDA0003052052760000056
Figure FDA0003052052760000057
Figure FDA0003052052760000058
Figure FDA0003052052760000059
Figure FDA00030520527600000510
Figure FDA00030520527600000511
Figure FDA0003052052760000061
E11、E12、E13、E14、P11、P12、P13、P14、M1与M2待定系数前面的系数项,μ为剪切模量。
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