CN108195830B - Visual detection method for trace copper ions - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visual detection method for trace copper ions. The method is characterized in that the cellulose-based sensor with both Schiff base structure and amino functional group adsorbs Cu2+By amino groups to Cu2+The chelation and the isomerization of the Schiff base are developed, and the visual detection of the trace copper ions is realized. The copper ion detection method has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, high sensitivity, visualization, low cost and the like, and the obtained cellulose-based sensor can be prepared into a liquid state, a powder state and a detection test paper state as required, and can be directly used for trace Cu2+Visual detection in aqueous solutions and biological fluids.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for trace Cu2+A visual detection method belongs to the field of analytical chemistry.
Background
Copper plays an important role in human life activities and is an indispensable metal element for human bodies. However, the copper content in human body has strict standard, the normal copper ion content in urine in human body is 20-40 mg/day, and the normal value of serum copper is 14.7-20.5 mmol/L. Too high or too low a concentration thereof may adversely affect the human body. For example, copper ion deficiency in humans affects the activity of many enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, dopamine β -hydroxylase, tyrosinase, etc.) and cell metabolism; excess copper ions can lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction, metabolic disturbances of liver and kidney function, hemolytic anemia, and the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Wilson's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Excessive copper in the environment can cause pollution to the atmosphere, water and soil, which causes serious harm to the ecological environment and food safety, and finally enters human bodies through food chains to further cause harm to the human bodies. The content of copper ions in drinking water cannot exceed 1.3ppm specified by the U.S. environmental protection agency, and the content of copper ions in drinking water cannot exceed 2ppm specified by the national environmental protection agency. Therefore, the method for quickly and simply detecting the copper ions is established, and has very important significance in the aspects of human health, environmental detection and the like.
The commonly used copper detection methods at present comprise graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectrometry and the like. These methods can satisfy the detection of the above criteria because of their relatively good sensitivity; however, these methods almost exclusively require expensive instruments and rather specialized operations, and are only suitable for carrying out tests in laboratories. Compared with the traditional method, the colorimetric method has the advantages of rapidness, portability, low cost, intuition, capability of on-site analysis and the like, and arouses the interest of researchers. For example, patent CN 104897664a uses porous polyaspartic acid hydrogel as ligand to adsorb copper ions, and under alkaline condition, the porous polyaspartic acid hydrogel is complexed with copper ions to generate biuret reaction for color development. However, it requires an alkaline environment during the detection process, and does not achieve the real-time detection effect. Designs such as Fu Feng Fu and the like synthesize the rhodamine B spiro lactam derivative as Cu2+Recognition probes, binding Fe3O4Magnetic nanoparticle implementation on Cu2+But the method has complex synthesis steps and relatively long detection time, and is not suitable for detecting copper ions on site. Based on the research background and the actual situation, a material which is cheap in raw materials and environment-friendly needs to be developed, and particularly a material can be used for a sensor for efficiently and quickly visually detecting trace copper ions in an aqueous solution and biological body fluid.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention aims to realize the visual detection of the trace copper ions, and the visual detection method of the copper ions has the characteristics of rapidness, simplicity, high sensitivity, high specificity, low cost and the like, and can be used for the visual detection of the copper ions in aqueous solution and biological body fluid.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows:
one kind is used for trace Cu2+Visually detectable cellulose-based sensor:
the cellulose-based sensor has both a Schiff base structure and an amino functional group, and is in the form of liquid or powder or detection test paper prepared based on the liquid cellulose-based sensor.
The present invention utilizes the cellulose-based sensor pair Cu2+Adsorption of Cu by amino group (N-H)2+The chelation and the isomerization of the Schiff base structure (C ═ N) are developed, and the visual detection of the copper ions is realized.
The cellulose-based sensor comprises modified cellulose formed by polyethyleneimine, ethylenediamine or lysine and derivatives thereof.
The lysine derivatives specifically comprise polylysine and L-lysine hydrochloride.
Second, one is used for trace Cu2+The preparation method of the visual detection cellulose-based sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dissolving cellulose and sodium periodate into an aqueous solution of 7wt% of NaOH and 12wt% of urea, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution, heating in a water bath, adding an amino compound, continuously reacting, centrifuging the obtained reaction product, separating to obtain a supernatant and a lower precipitate, taking the supernatant as a liquid form of the cellulose-based sensor, taking the lower precipitate as a powder form of the cellulose-based sensor, taking the supernatant as an impregnation solution, and preparing a detection test paper by an impregnation method to obtain three states of the cellulose-based sensor.
The amino compound is polyethyleneimine, ethylenediamine, lysine, polylysine or L-lysine hydrochloride.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: dissolving 2g of cellulose and 2g of sodium periodate into 60mL of aqueous solution of 7wt% NaOH and 12wt% urea, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4, heating the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, adding 2g of amino compounds, continuing to react for 3 hours, centrifuging the obtained reaction product at 8000rpm for 10 minutes, and separating to obtain a supernatant and a lower precipitate.
The reaction products are cellulose grafted polyethyleneimine modified cellulose, cellulose grafted ethylenediamine modified cellulose, cellulose grafted lysine modified cellulose, cellulose grafted polylysine modified cellulose and cellulose grafted L-lysine hydrochloride modified cellulose.
Third, the first is used for trace Cu2+The visual detection method comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding the liquid or powder state cellulose-based sensor according to any one of claims 1-2 or the liquid or powder state cellulose-based sensor prepared by the method according to claim 3 into solutions containing known copper ions with different concentrations, standing for 5min for color development, wherein the copper ion solutions with different concentrations correspond to different color changes, the color changes from colorless to dark green, the colorless represents that the concentration is zero, the dark green represents that the concentration is highest, and different standard colors corresponding to the copper ions with different concentrations are established;
and then, adding the cellulose-based sensor in a liquid state and a powder state into the solution to be detected containing the copper ions, standing for 5min to develop the solution, and comparing the displayed color with the standard color to correspondingly obtain the concentration of the copper ions.
Fourth, the second is used for trace Cu2+The visual detection method comprises the following steps:
firstly, respectively dripping solutions containing copper ions with known different concentrations on the detection test paper of any one of claims 1-2 or the detection test paper prepared by the method of claim 3, standing for 5min for color development, wherein the copper ion solutions with different concentrations correspond to the color change of different detection test paper strips, the color change is from light yellow to dark green, the light yellow represents zero concentration, the dark green represents highest concentration, and different standard colors corresponding to the copper ions with different concentrations are established;
and then, dropwise adding the solution to be detected containing copper ions onto detection paper, standing for 5min to enable the detection paper to develop color, and comparing the displayed color with a standard color to correspondingly obtain the concentration of the copper ions.
The cellulose-based sensor is suitable for detecting trace copper ions in water, artificial urine and plasma. The cellulose-based sensor is suitable for complex biological body fluid, and is particularly suitable for trace copper ion detection of solutions containing complex substances of artificial urine and plasma, so that preliminary diagnosis of copper ion related diseases (Wilson's disease, Menkes disease and the like) can be performed.
Compared with the traditional detection method, the method does not need fluorescein or a complex detection process, and is simple and effective.
The invention utilizes amino (N-H) to Cu2+The chelation and the isomerization of the Schiff base (C ═ N) are characterized by color development (colorless to dark green), and the visual detection of trace copper ions is realized. The visual detection method for the copper ions has the characteristics of rapidness, simplicity, high sensitivity, high specificity, low cost and the like, and can be used for visual detection of the copper ions in aqueous solution and biological body fluid.
In general, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following advantages compared to the prior art
Has the advantages that:
1. the detection method provided by the invention has quick response, and only 5min is needed for one detection.
2. The detection method has high sensitivity, can detect the concentration of copper ions as low as 1ppm, can meet the detection requirements of relevant standards, and can be used for detecting Cu in water environment, drinking water and biological body fluid2+The field rapid detection.
3. The detection method has good specificity, and the cellulose-based sensor only has Cu2+Has color reaction, and 10 common ions (Zn) are examined2+、Mn2+、Fe3+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Pb2+、 Na+、Ag+、Cd2+、Al3+) And do not cause interference.
4. The detection method provided by the invention can be used for preparing the cellulose-based sensor into liquid, powder and detection test paper according to different requirements, and has a wide application range.
5. The detection method provided by the invention is simple, can judge the concentration range of the copper ions by naked eyes, does not need to use a large-scale detection instrument, and is suitable for on-site rapid detection of the copper ions.
6. The detection method provided by the invention can be used for carrying out semi-quantification on the concentration of copper ions in the liquid to be detected according to the color displayed by adding the liquid to be detected into the liquid to be detected or according to the color displayed by dropwise adding the liquid to be detected onto the detection test paper.
7. The detection method provided by the invention adopts a one-pot method to prepare the cellulose-based sensor, takes cellulose and polyethyleneimine as raw materials, and does not generate harmful substances and secondary pollution to the environment in the preparation process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a color chart of simulated standard colors made by dropping plasma containing 0, 2, 5, 8, 10ppm of copper ions onto test paper of a cellulose-based sensor prepared according to the present invention to display different colors.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and the advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
The examples of the invention are as follows:
example 1:
(1) dissolving 2g of cellulose and 2g of sodium periodate into 60mL of an aqueous solution of 7wt% NaOH and 12wt% urea, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4, heating the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, adding 2g of polyethyleneimine, continuing to react for 3 hours, centrifuging the obtained reaction product at 8000rpm for 10 minutes, and separating to obtain a supernatant and a lower precipitate. The supernatant is used as a liquid form of the cellulose-based sensor, the sediment is used as a powder form of the cellulose-based sensor, the supernatant is used as a dipping solution, and a detection test paper is prepared by a dipping method and used as a detection test paper form of the cellulose-based sensor, so that three states of the cellulose-based sensor are obtained.
(2) Adding 2ml of the liquid cellulose-based sensor in the step (1) into 20ml of solution (0ppm, 2ppm, 4ppm, 6ppm, 8ppm and 10ppm) containing copper ions with different known concentrations, standing for 5min to develop color, wherein the copper ion solutions with different concentrations correspond to different color changes from colorless to dark green, the colorless represents zero concentration, the dark green represents the highest concentration, different standard colors corresponding to the copper ions with different concentrations are established, namely, 0ppm corresponds to colorless, 2ppm corresponds to light yellow, 4ppm corresponds to light green, 6ppm corresponds to yellow green, 8ppm corresponds to green and 10ppm corresponds to dark green;
(3) and (3) taking 20ml of water sample to be detected containing trace copper ions, adding 2ml of the liquid-state cellulose-based sensor in the step (1), standing for 5min to show that the solution is light green, and knowing that the concentration of the copper ions in the water sample to be detected is 4ppm according to the standard color obtained in the step (2).
In the embodiment, the AA-110 type flame atomic absorption spectrometer is adopted to detect the water sample to be detected, the concentration of copper ions in the water sample to be detected is 4.1721ppm, and the error from the detection is 4.3%, so that the method is simple, effective and accurate in measurement. Basic parameters of an AA-110 model atomic absorption spectrometer are set as follows: wavelength of 324.75nm, slit width of 0.7nm, time constant of 0.1s, current of 10mA, lighting mode of non-deuterium lamp for background removal, gas flow of 2.0L/min, combustion-supporting gas flow of 15.0L/min, and flame type of Air-C2H2。
Example 2:
(1) dissolving 2g of cellulose and 2g of sodium periodate into 60mL of aqueous solution of 7wt% NaOH and 12wt% urea, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4, heating the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, adding 2g of ethylenediamine, continuing to react for 3 hours, centrifuging the obtained reaction product at 8000rpm for 10 minutes, and separating to obtain a supernatant and a lower precipitate. The supernatant is used as a liquid form of the cellulose-based sensor, the sediment is used as a powder form of the cellulose-based sensor, the supernatant is used as a dipping solution, and a detection test paper is prepared by a dipping method and used as a detection test paper form of the cellulose-based sensor, so that three states of the cellulose-based sensor are obtained.
(2) Adding 20mg of the powder-state cellulose-based sensor in the step (1) into artificial urine (0ppm, 2ppm, 4ppm, 6ppm, 8ppm and 10ppm) containing copper ions with different known concentrations, standing for 5min to develop color, wherein the copper ion solutions with different concentrations correspond to different color changes from colorless to dark green, the colorless represents zero concentration, the dark green represents the highest concentration, different standard colors corresponding to the copper ions with different concentrations are established, namely, 0ppm corresponds to colorless, 2ppm corresponds to light yellow, 4ppm corresponds to light green, 6ppm corresponds to yellow green, 8ppm corresponds to green and 10ppm corresponds to dark green;
(3) and (3) taking 20ml of urine sample to be detected containing trace copper ions, adding 20mg of the powder-state cellulose-based sensor in the step (1), standing for 5min to show that the solution is light yellow, and according to the standard color obtained in the step (2), the concentration of the copper ions in the urine sample to be detected is 2 ppm.
In this embodiment, the AA-110 model flame atomic absorption spectrometer is used to detect the urine sample to be detected, the copper ion concentration of the obtained urine sample to be detected is 2.0971ppm, and the error from the method of the present invention is 4.9%, which illustrates that the method of the present invention is simple, effective and accurate. Basic parameters of an AA-110 model atomic absorption spectrometer are set as follows: wavelength of 324.75nm, slit width of 0.7nm, time constant of 0.1s, current of 10mA, lighting mode of non-deuterium lamp for background removal, gas flow of 2.0L/min, combustion-supporting gas flow of 15.0L/min, and flame type of Air-C2H2。
Example 3:
(1) dissolving 2g of cellulose and 2g of sodium periodate into 60mL of aqueous solution of 7wt% NaOH and 12wt% urea, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4, heating the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, adding 2g of ethylenediamine, continuing to react for 3 hours, centrifuging the obtained reaction product at 8000rpm for 10 minutes, and separating to obtain a supernatant and a lower precipitate. The supernatant is used as a liquid form of the cellulose-based sensor, the sediment is used as a powder form of the cellulose-based sensor, the supernatant is used as a dipping solution, and a detection test paper is prepared by a dipping method and used as a detection test paper form of the cellulose-based sensor, so that three states of the cellulose-based sensor are obtained.
(2) Respectively dripping 0.5ml of blood plasma (0ppm, 2ppm, 5ppm, 8ppm and 10ppm) containing copper ions with different known concentrations on the detection test paper in the step (1), standing for 5min for color development, wherein the copper ion solutions with different concentrations correspond to the color change of different detection test paper strips, the color change is from light yellow to dark green, the light yellow represents zero concentration, the dark green represents highest concentration, and different standard colors corresponding to the copper ions with different concentrations are established, namely 0ppm corresponds to the light yellow, 2ppm corresponds to the dark yellow, 5ppm corresponds to the light green, 8ppm corresponds to the green, and 10ppm corresponds to the dark green (as shown in figure 1).
(3) And (3) dropwise adding 0.5ml of to-be-detected plasma sample containing trace copper ions on the detection test strip in the step (1), standing for 5min to show that the detection test strip is yellow-green, and according to the standard color obtained in the step (2), the concentration of the copper ions in the to-be-detected plasma sample is 2 ppm.
In this embodiment, the AA-110 model flame atomic absorption spectrometer is used to detect the urine sample to be detected, the copper ion concentration of the obtained plasma sample to be detected is 2.1127ppm, and the error from the method of the present invention is 5.6%, which illustrates that the method of the present invention is simple, effective and accurate. Basic parameters of an AA-110 model atomic absorption spectrometer are set as follows: wavelength of 324.75nm, slit width of 0.7nm, time constant of 0.1s, current of 10mA, lighting mode of non-deuterium lamp for background removal, gas flow of 2.0L/min, combustion-supporting gas flow of 15.0L/min, and flame type of Air-C2H2。
The embodiment shows that the copper ion detection method has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, high sensitivity, visualization, low cost and the like, and the obtained cellulose-based sensor can be prepared into a liquid state, a powder state and a detection test paper state as required, and can be directly used for detecting trace Cu2+Visual detection in aqueous solutions and biological fluids.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiment examples, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. For trace Cu2+Visual detection's cellulose based sensor, its characterized in that: cellulose, process for producing the same, and process for producing the sameThe base sensor has both a Schiff base structure and an amino functional group, and is in the form of liquid or powder or detection test paper prepared based on a liquid cellulose base sensor;
cu pair using the cellulose-based sensor2+Adsorption of Cu by amino group (N-H)2+The chelation and the isomerization of Schiff base structure (C = N) are developed, and the visual detection of copper ions is realized;
the cellulose-based sensor comprises modified cellulose formed by polyethyleneimine, ethylenediamine or lysine and derivatives thereof;
the cellulose-based sensor is prepared by the following method: dissolving cellulose and sodium periodate into an aqueous solution of NaOH and urea, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution, heating in a water bath, adding an amino compound, continuously reacting, centrifuging the obtained reaction product, separating to obtain a supernatant and a lower precipitate, taking the supernatant as a liquid form of the cellulose-based sensor, taking the lower precipitate as a powder form of the cellulose-based sensor, taking the supernatant as an impregnation solution, and preparing to obtain a detection test paper as the detection test paper form of the cellulose-based sensor by an impregnation method.
2. The method for trace Cu according to claim 12+The preparation method of the visual detection cellulose-based sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps: dissolving 2g of cellulose and 2g of sodium periodate into 60mL of aqueous solution of 7wt% NaOH and 12wt% urea, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4, heating the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, adding 2g of amino compounds, continuing to react for 3 hours, centrifuging the obtained reaction product at 8000rpm for 10 minutes, and separating to obtain a supernatant and a lower precipitate.
3. The method for trace Cu according to claim 22+The preparation method of the visual detection cellulose-based sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps: the amino compound is polyethyleneimine, ethylenediamine, lysine, polylysine or L-lysine hydrochloride.
4. For trace Cu2+The visual detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, adding the liquid or powder state cellulose-based sensor of claim 1 or the liquid or powder state cellulose-based sensor prepared by the method of claim 2 into solutions containing copper ions with known different concentrations, standing for 5min for color development, wherein the copper ion solutions with different concentrations correspond to different color changes, the color changes from colorless to dark green, the colorless represents zero concentration, the dark green represents the highest concentration, and different standard colors corresponding to the copper ions with different concentrations are established;
and then, adding the cellulose-based sensor in a liquid state and a powder state into the solution to be detected containing the copper ions, standing for 5min to develop the solution, and comparing the displayed color with the standard color to correspondingly obtain the concentration of the copper ions.
5. For trace Cu2+The visual detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, respectively dropwise adding solutions containing copper ions with known different concentrations on the detection test paper of claim 1 or the detection test paper prepared by the method of claim 2, standing for 5min for color development, wherein the copper ion solutions with different concentrations correspond to the color change of different detection test paper strips, the color change is from light yellow to dark green, the light yellow represents zero concentration, the dark green represents highest concentration, and different standard colors corresponding to the copper ions with different concentrations are established;
and then, dropwise adding the solution to be detected containing copper ions onto detection paper, standing for 5min to enable the detection paper to develop color, and comparing the displayed color with a standard color to correspondingly obtain the concentration of the copper ions.
6. Use of the cellulose-based sensor according to claim 1 or the method according to claim 2 for preparing a cellulose-based sensor, characterized in that: the cellulose-based sensor is suitable for detecting trace copper ions in water, artificial urine and plasma.
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