CN108194174B - Anti-crystallization urea solution injection system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Anti-crystallization urea solution injection system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108194174B
CN108194174B CN201810181591.5A CN201810181591A CN108194174B CN 108194174 B CN108194174 B CN 108194174B CN 201810181591 A CN201810181591 A CN 201810181591A CN 108194174 B CN108194174 B CN 108194174B
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Prior art keywords
urea
nozzle
crystallization
post
processor
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CN108194174A (en
Inventor
贾昭远
邢喜春
戈非
朱宏志
尹燕升
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FAW Group Corp
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FAW Group Corp
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N2610/146Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1486Means to prevent the substance from freezing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1404Exhaust gas temperature
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-crystallization urea solution injection system and a control method thereof, wherein the anti-crystallization urea solution injection system comprises a urea box, a urea pump, a urea nozzle, an ECU, a post-processor, a temperature discharge sensor and an anti-crystallization ring. According to the crystallization-preventing urea solution injection system, the ECU controls the injection of the urea nozzle according to the exhaust temperature of the engine, so that the urea nozzle is prevented from being in a high exhaust temperature state for a long time, meanwhile, the post-processor is optimally designed, and the crystallization-preventing ring is added, so that the local temperature of the nozzle head of the urea nozzle is reduced, namely, the crystallization-preventing ring can play a role in thermal insulation, the local temperature of the nozzle head of the urea nozzle is further reduced, and the urea is prevented from crystallizing at the urea nozzle.

Description

Anti-crystallization urea solution injection system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a urea solution injection system and a control method thereof. The method is applied to the field of diesel engine tail gas aftertreatment.
Background
With the implementation of the national four-emission regulations of commercial vehicles, the whole vehicle must be additionally provided with a nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission treatment device.
The China medium and heavy duty diesel engine generally adopts a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technical route, namely, standard urea aqueous solution for vehicles is sprayed into exhaust gas, and ammonia generated by decomposition of the standard urea aqueous solution is used for carrying out selective catalytic reduction on NOx to generate harmless nitrogen and water.
However, in the actual market use of the urea system, a large amount of urea nozzles are crystallized and blocked, so that the urea system cannot normally spray urea, and further the problems of vehicle torsion limitation and the like are caused, and the use of users is seriously influenced.
The state announces that six emissions regulations will be in force in 2020 and heavy duty vehicles require the addition of a particulate trap (DPF) to meet particulate emissions requirements. The DPF needs to be regenerated regularly to clean the accumulated soot inside, but the regeneration temperature is higher than 650 ℃, which poses a serious threat to the reliability of the urea nozzle.
Patent document 1 (CN 106567762 a) discloses a urea dosing system for an exhaust aftertreatment system, comprising: a mixing chamber having a urea inlet, a gas inlet, and an outlet; a urea valve configured to provide a urea solution to the urea inlet; a gas flow channel extending from the gas inlet; a gas valve configured to control pressurized gas flowing to the gas flow passage and the gas inlet; a pressure sensor configured to pressure sense the gas inlet and downstream of the urea inlet; and a controller in reliable communication with the pressure sensor, the urea valve, and the gas valve, the system characterized in that the controller is configured to: actuating the urea valve and the gas valve to provide a mixed flow of urea solution and air at an outlet of the mixing chamber; evaluating pressure information from the pressure sensor, the pressure information being indicative of the pressure of the mixed flow; closing the gas valve based on a comparison of the pressure information and a pressure threshold; actuating the urea pump to fill at least a portion of the mixing chamber with urea solution when the pressure information is below a second threshold; and opening a gas valve to drain urea solution from the mixing chamber.
Patent document 2 (CN 106870073 a) discloses a high-efficient crystallization-preventing urea nozzle, which comprises a nozzle housing, the nozzle housing top be connected with air honeycomb duct, urea honeycomb duct, its characterized in that: the spray nozzle comprises a spray nozzle shell, a spray seat, a spray nozzle cover and a spray nozzle cover, wherein the spray nozzle shell is cylindrical, a spray surface is arranged on one side of the lower end of the spray nozzle shell, the spray surface is semi-elliptical, and the spray surface extends towards the interior of the spray nozzle shell to form the spray seat; a cavity is arranged in the nozzle shell and communicated with the air guide pipe; the included angle between the spraying seat and the horizontal plane is 30-75 degrees, the center of the spraying seat is communicated with the urea flow guide pipe, the urea flow guide pipe is in arc transition to the center of the spraying seat, and the urea flow guide pipe extends to the spraying surface to form a urea solution outlet; the spraying seat forms an air ring cavity at the periphery of the urea flow guide pipe, the air ring cavity comprises an air introducing section, an air buffering section and an air spraying section, the air introducing section is arranged at the edge of the air ring cavity, the tail end of the air introducing section is communicated with the air buffering section, the air buffering section is communicated with the air spraying section, and the air spraying section extends to the air outlet formed by the spraying surface.
Patent document 3 (CN 103814195B) discloses a control method for reducing the risk of crystallization of an SCR urea solution injection system, characterized in that the control method comprises the steps of: (1) After the SCR urea solution injection system is switched from an injection state of urea injection to a purging state of purging urea solution existing in a pipeline, an air valve of the SCR urea solution injection system is opened, and a motor of the SCR urea solution injection system is stopped to work and is purged for a first time period; (2) After the first period of time has elapsed, closing the gas valve, stopping purging for a second period of time; (3) After the second time period passes, the air valve is opened again, and purging is continued for a third time period, wherein the steps are executed at least once, and then the SCR urea solution injection system is put into a pump stop state.
The system disclosed in patent document 1 is designed so that the current situation that the urea system is easy to crystallize is not changed, and a user can only be prompted to clean urea crystals in time.
The system disclosed in patent document 2 is designed in such a way that the flow path design is optimized to avoid accumulation of urea and thus to avoid crystallization, but urea accumulation and crystallization are inevitably present as long as urea is circulated, and the problem of crystallization of urea nozzles is not fundamentally solved.
With the system disclosed in patent document 3, the urea solution adhering to the wall surface cannot be completely removed by the gas purge, and even the drying crystallization of urea may be accelerated, resulting in a more serious crystallization problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-crystallization urea solution injection system and a control method thereof, which solve the problem of crystallization blockage of a urea nozzle.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme: an anti-crystallization urea solution injection system comprises a urea box, a urea pump, a urea nozzle, an ECU, a post-processor, a temperature discharge sensor and an anti-crystallization ring;
the inlet of the urea pump is communicated with the urea box, the outlet of the urea pump is connected with the urea nozzle, and the urea nozzle is arranged on the post-processor and is used for injecting urea liquid into the post-processor;
the urea nozzle is connected with the ECU and sprays atomized urea liquid into the post-processor under the control of the ECU;
the exhaust temperature sensor is arranged on the post-processor and connected with the ECU so as to send the detected temperature of the gas in the post-processor to the ECU;
the anti-crystallization ring 7 is mounted inside the aftertreatment device and the tip of the urea nozzle is located in the annular space of the anti-crystallization ring.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme: a method of controlling an anti-crystallization urea solution injection system, comprising:
when the vehicle runs, the ECU controls the urea nozzle to spray urea liquid, and simultaneously the ECU starts timing from the last urea spraying time in real time, if the urea is not sprayed for 15-30 min, the ECU controls the urea nozzle to be opened for a plurality of times at a duty ratio of 5-10%; if the temperature of the gas in the post-processor is lower than 130 ℃ at the beginning and ending of timing, the ECU does not control the urea nozzle to be opened;
when the vehicle stops, the ECU starts timing, and controls the urea nozzle to start injection once at preset duty ratio every prescribed time until the temperature of the gas in the post-processor is lower than 130 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the crystallization-preventing urea solution injection system, the ECU controls the injection of the urea nozzle according to the exhaust temperature of the engine, so that the urea nozzle is prevented from being in a high exhaust temperature state for a long time, meanwhile, the post-processor is optimally designed, and the crystallization-preventing ring is added, so that the local temperature of the nozzle head of the urea nozzle is reduced, namely, the crystallization-preventing ring can play a role in thermal insulation, the local temperature of the nozzle head of the urea nozzle is further reduced, and the urea is prevented from crystallizing at the urea nozzle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a crystallization-preventing urea solution injection system according to the present invention;
the labels in the figures are: 1-a urea tank; 2-urea pump; 3-urea nozzle; 4-ECU; a 5-post processor; 6-a temperature discharge sensor; 7-crystallization-preventing ring.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the embodiment and the attached drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an anti-crystallization urea solution injection system, which comprises a urea tank 1, a urea pump 2, a urea nozzle 3, an ECU4, a post-processor 5, a temperature discharge sensor 6 and an anti-crystallization ring 7.
The urea tank 1 stores standard vehicle urea solution, the urea pump 2 pumps the urea solution to the urea nozzle 3 in a pressurized mode, and the ECU4 controls the urea nozzle 3 to spray the atomized urea solution into the post-processor 5 for reaction.
That is, the inlet of the urea pump 2 is communicated with the urea tank 1, the outlet of the urea pump is connected to the urea nozzle 3, and the urea nozzle 3 is mounted on the post-processor 5 to inject urea solution into the post-processor 5.
The exhaust temperature sensor 6 is mounted to the post-processor 5 for detecting the temperature of the gas in the post-processor 5, and the exhaust temperature sensor 6 is connected to the ECU4 to send the detected temperature of the gas in the post-processor 5 to the ECU4, and at the same time, the ECU4 controls the injection of the urea nozzle 3 according to the temperature of the gas in the post-processor 5.
The anti-crystallization ring 7 is mounted inside the aftertreatment device, for example by welding, on the inner wall of the aftertreatment device, and the tip of the urea nozzle 3 is located in the annular space of the anti-crystallization ring 7.
Through a large number of tests by test staff, the urea crystallization has two forms, firstly, the urea solution is dried for a long time at normal temperature to separate out crystals, the process is reversible, the crystals can be dissolved again when meeting water, and the blockage problem can not be caused; and secondly, urea is heated to be converted into biuret and other insoluble matters at the temperature of more than 130 ℃, and the process is irreversible. The reason for the problem of urea nozzle crystallization is the second crystallization form. That is, urea in the urea nozzle is heated by the exhaust system and converted into a water-insoluble substance, which causes the nozzle tip (nozzle hole) of the urea nozzle to be blocked.
However, none of the documents in the prior art describe the technical problem, i.e. the technical problem to be solved by the invention is beyond the capability or level of the person skilled in the art, and the invention is not obvious compared with the prior art and is inventive.
Moreover, through tests, the condition that the temperature of the nozzle hole is higher than 130 ℃ can not occur under the spraying state of the urea nozzle, so that crystallization mainly occurs under the working condition that the temperature of the exhaust is higher and the urea nozzle does not spray urea.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the ECU4 controls the injection of the urea nozzle 3 according to the exhaust temperature of the engine (the temperature of the gas in the post-processor), so as to avoid the urea nozzle 3 being in a high exhaust temperature state for a long time, and simultaneously, optimally design the post-processor 5, and add the crystallization preventing ring 7, so as to reduce the local temperature of the nozzle tip of the urea nozzle 3, that is, the crystallization preventing ring 7 can play a thermal insulation role, and further reduce the local temperature of the nozzle tip of the urea nozzle 3.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a control method of an anti-crystallization urea solution injection system, which comprises the following steps:
when the vehicle runs, the ECU4 controls the urea nozzle 3 to spray urea liquid according to the emission of the engine, meanwhile, the ECU4 starts timing from the last urea spraying time in real time, if the urea spraying lasts for 15-30 min and does not spray urea, the ECU4 controls the urea nozzle 3 to be opened for 5 times at a duty ratio of 5-10%, the temperature of the nozzle head of the urea nozzle is reduced, and meanwhile, a small amount of overheated urea in the nozzle head can be sprayed out, so that the crystallization accumulation is avoided.
The ECU4 optimizes injection control according to the exhaust temperature of the exhaust temperature sensor 6, and if the exhaust temperature at the beginning and ending of timing is lower than 130 ℃, the ECU4 does not control the urea nozzle 3 to be opened.
When the vehicle is stopped, the ECU4 starts timing, and controls the urea nozzle 3 to start injection at a duty ratio of 5% every 90s to cool the nozzle tip of the urea nozzle. The injection is stopped until the exhaust temperature sensed by the exhaust temperature sensor 6 falls below 130 c.
Because of the large exhaust flow and high temperature of the engine, the injection of urea in small amounts does not completely avoid crystallization. The invention also optimally designs the crystallization preventing ring 7, and the crystallization preventing ring 7 is welded in the post-processor 5 and is positioned below the urea nozzle 3.
The crystallization-preventing ring 7 relatively isolates the nozzle head of the urea nozzle from the internal environment of the post-processor 5, so that a local turbulence area is formed, and the heat conduction between the urea nozzle head and the post-processor 5 is not smooth, therefore, when the urea nozzle 3 sprays, urea liquid evaporates and absorbs heat, a relatively low-temperature environment inside the crystallization-preventing ring 5 is formed, the heat load of the nozzle head of the urea nozzle 3 can be greatly reduced, and crystallization is prevented.
The sequence of the above embodiments is only for convenience of description, and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for controlling an anti-crystallization urea solution injection system, comprising:
when the vehicle runs, the ECU controls the urea nozzle to spray urea liquid, and simultaneously the ECU starts timing from the last urea spraying time in real time, if the urea is not sprayed for 15-30 min, the ECU controls the urea nozzle to be opened for a plurality of times at a duty ratio of 5-10%; if the temperature of the gas in the post-processor is lower than 130 ℃ at the beginning and ending of timing, the ECU does not control the urea nozzle to be opened;
when the vehicle stops, the ECU starts timing, and controls the urea nozzle to start injection once at preset duty ratio every prescribed time until the temperature of the gas in the post-processor is lower than 130 ℃.
CN201810181591.5A 2018-03-06 2018-03-06 Anti-crystallization urea solution injection system and control method thereof Active CN108194174B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117267006A (en) * 2019-03-14 2023-12-22 康明斯有限公司 Diesel engine exhaust fluid doser protection using cylinder cut-off method under cold ambient temperature conditions
CN113982723A (en) * 2021-09-30 2022-01-28 东风商用车有限公司 Control method for urea nozzle protection
CN114151172B (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-09-09 东风商用车有限公司 Control method and device for protecting urea injection system

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DE102014226404A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh A method for removing at least partial blockage of a metering valve of a reagent dosing device due to crystal formation, apparatus for carrying out the method, computer program and computer program product
GB2552811A (en) * 2016-08-10 2018-02-14 Perkins Engines Co Ltd Method and system for reducing crystallisation of diesel exhaust fluid in an injector
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