CN108193049B - Method for chemical pre-oxidation synchronous cyanide-free leaching of primary gold ore - Google Patents
Method for chemical pre-oxidation synchronous cyanide-free leaching of primary gold ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for chemical pre-oxidation synchronous cyanide-free leaching of primary gold ores, which is used for dissolving and leaching gold by using thiosulfate generated by pre-oxidation reaction and gold to form thiosulfate complex of gold through complex reaction, so as to realize pre-oxidation synchronous cyanide-free gold leaching. Under the condition of normal pressure heating, the invention utilizes the oxygen in the air to carry out preoxidation reaction with sulfide minerals such as arsenopyrite, pyrite and the like in NaOH medium generated by the preoxidation auxiliary agent to generate thiosulfate, and the thiosulfate and gold generate complex to leach gold, thereby realizing the synchronous cyanide-free gold leaching with the gold leaching rate of 93.29 percent. In other pre-oxidation processes, sodium cyanide is added to leach gold from the ore after pre-oxidation is finished.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral development, and particularly relates to a chemical pre-oxidation synchronous cyanide-free leaching method for native gold ores in Guizhou areas.
Background
Gold mine is one of seven dominant minerals in Guizhou province. By 2014, 83 deposits and mineral points are found in Guizhou province, and the gold reserves 286.66 tons are reserved, reside in 8 th position of the country, and are one of gold production bases newly grown in China. Guizhou is the first province found in China with the largest reserves of "Carlin type" and "laterite type" gold mine. The gold industry prospect reserves can reach more than 1200 tons.
The Guizhou province gold mine is mainly distributed in the southeast area of Qian and the southwest area of Qian, the gold mine in the southeast area of Qian mainly takes natural gold as main raw material, the gold mine in the southeast area of Qian mainly takes microfine dip-dyed gold mine as main raw material, the gold mine resource developed in the early stage is mainly oxidized gold mine on the earth surface, and the gold mine developed in the near stage is mainly deep primary gold mine. The gold in the primary gold ore is mainly presented in the arsenopyrite and the pyrite in a superfine dip-dyeing mode, is coated by the arsenopyrite and the pyrite, is difficult to be leached out directly under the action of a gold leaching medicament, and the gold can be exposed out to be dissolved and leached by the gold leaching medicament only through preoxidation to destroy the coated minerals of the gold, belonging to the gold ore which is difficult to be utilized.
The pre-oxidation process of the primary gold ore is more researched, and can be roughly divided into four categories, namely roasting pre-oxidation, biological pre-oxidation, chemical pre-oxidation, hot-pressing pre-oxidation and the like according to different pre-oxidation methods. The four pre-oxidation processes have the advantages and disadvantages that the roasting pre-oxidation is rapid and simple, but the pre-oxidation effect is greatly influenced by the condition of the roasting furnace and a large amount of SO is generated2Flue gas, containing As2O3Toxic smoke dust and serious environmental pollution; the biological pre-oxidation cost is relatively low, but the production period is long, and the leaching rate is greatly influenced by ore components and the environmental temperature; the chemical pre-oxidation production process is stable, but a large amount of chemical reagents are consumed, and harmful components such as arsenic enter a solution to be treated; the hot-pressing pre-oxidation needs to be operated under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the leaching rate is higher, but the energy consumption is high, the equipment requirement is high, and the safety is low. The four pre-oxidation processes are applied to industrial production in gold mines in Guizhou, the roasting pre-oxidation is typically represented by Xingren Zimu Dandang gold mine, the biological pre-oxidation is typically represented by Zhenfeng clay ditch gold mine, and the chemical pre-oxidation and hot-pressing pre-oxidation are typically represented by Zhenfeng mercury cave gold mine.
Gold in primary gold ore of Guizhou province exists mainly in the form of micro-fine gold particles, and is often wrapped by minerals such as arsenopyrite and pyrite, and if the structure of a carrier mineral is not damaged or partially damaged, gold is difficult to be leached under the action of a cyaniding gold leaching reagent. In the process of researching the invention, the first technical problem is that the direct leaching rate of the flotation gold concentrate is very low, only 4-6%, pre-oxidation becomes an essential process, and gold can be dissolved by the gold leaching reagent only by destroying the carrier mineral of gold through pre-oxidation.
By analyzing the oxidation-reduction potential of the sulfide minerals, the oxidation-reduction potential of the sulfide under an alkaline condition is far lower than that of the sulfide under an acidic condition, and in the oxidation process of the sulfide minerals, a large amount of acid is generated, and the solution can be always kept in a hard condition only by neutralizing the acid, so that a large amount of alkali is required to be used for achieving the purpose.
The normal pressure heating pre-oxidation generally adopts caustic soda (NaOH) or chlorine-containing liquid caustic soda (NaOH + NaClO) produced by chlor-alkali industry to form a strong alkaline environment, remarkably reduces the oxidation-reduction potential of pyrite and arsenopyrite, neutralizes acid generated in the oxidation-reduction process, uses oxygen blown into the air or sodium hypochlorite in the liquid caustic soda as an oxidant, oxidatively decomposes gold-loaded sulfide minerals, exposes gold particles wrapped by the sulfide minerals, and has the opportunity of forming a gold-cyanogen complex to dissolve by the action of cyanide. However, the caustic soda has high cost, and the liquid caustic soda is difficult to transport and has high transportation cost. Because of the high price of NaOH, the direct use of NaOH has high cost and high solubility, so that the concentration of hydroxide radical at the beginning of pre-oxidation is very high, the hydroxide radical reacts with a plurality of substances in ore to be consumed too much, lime is cheap, but the solubility is too low to meet the requirement of pre-oxidation of sulfide minerals.
Therefore, for a long time, sodium cyanide is almost used for leaching gold, and cyanide-free leaching processes are researched in many ways, but few industrial production processes are available. The environment-friendly gold extraction reagent developed in recent years actually contains a small amount of cyanogen complex.
In general, the prior art is still not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for synchronously leaching primary gold ores without cyanogen by chemical pre-oxidation, which overcomes the defects of the cyanide-free leaching process of the primary gold ores in the prior art.
The invention relates to a method for synchronously leaching primary gold ore without cyanogen by chemical pre-oxidation, which mainly adopts the following technical scheme:
firstly, the size of ore particles is reduced by adopting an ultrafine mill, so that a preoxidation agent can easily enter the ore particles to react with sulfide minerals, and the sulfide minerals carrying gold are oxidized.
And secondly, cleaning the gold-loaded sulfide minerals into granular surface flotation agents by utilizing ultrasonic cavitation, activating the gold-loaded sulfide minerals and facilitating the oxidation of the gold-loaded sulfide minerals by using a pre-oxidant.
Thirdly, by utilizing the characteristics that NaOH newly generated by the reaction of lime and sodium carbonate has extremely strong activity and lower cost, a good pre-oxidation environment is created.
Fourthly, the low-cost air is used as a pre-oxidant to oxidize the gold-coated sulfide minerals in the ores into thiosulfate, so that the gold is exposed and is easy to act with a gold leaching agent.
Fifthly, the gold is dissolved and leached by utilizing the thiosulfate generated by the pre-oxidation reaction and the gold complex formed by the complex reaction, so that the pre-oxidation synchronous cyanide-free gold leaching is realized.
Based on the technical key points, the complete steps of the technical scheme of the invention comprise: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding equal amount of water into the gold concentrate obtained by the primary gold ore flotation, and carrying out ultra-fine grinding until the particle size is minus 38 mu m 90-98%;
s2, adding a preoxidation auxiliary agent accounting for 27-53% of the ore amount, and adjusting the liquid-solid ratio to 2: 1-3.5: 1.
S3, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-4 hours under the stirring condition; in this step, the present invention utilizes Ca (OH)2And Na2CO3Can produce CaCO3The chemical reaction with NaOH, the two raw materials are used for generating the strong alkali condition required for maintaining the pre-oxidation, and because the lime solubility is low, the chemical reaction speed is slow, the NaOH is gradually generated and is newly generated, the reaction has high reactivity, the pre-oxidation reaction is particularly favorably carried out, and the cost is much lower than that of the NaOH.
S4, raising the temperature of the solution to 35-65 ℃, controlling the temperature, introducing cheap air as a pre-oxidant, and pre-oxidizing the gold concentrate for 24-72 hours under the stirring condition;
s5, filtering, washing the leaching residue, adsorbing gold by active carbon in the filtrate, electrolyzing the gold-carrying carbon to recover gold.
The pre-oxidant in the above step is air. NaOH newly generated by the reaction of lime and sodium carbonate is a pre-oxidation auxiliary agent. The liquid-solid ratio is adjusted by adding water. The liquid-solid ratio refers to the ratio of liquid volume to solid mass.
The key points of the method are that ⑴ adopts superfine grinding to reduce the size of ore particles by fully researching the properties of the flotation gold concentrate, so that a preoxidant can easily enter the ore particles to react with sulphide minerals to oxidize the gold-loaded sulphide minerals, ⑵ utilizes ultrasonic cavitation to clean the flotation agents on the surfaces of the particles to activate the gold-loaded sulphide minerals and facilitate the preoxidant to oxidize the gold-loaded sulphide minerals, ⑶ utilizes the characteristics that NaOH newly generated by the reaction of lime and sodium carbonate has strong activity and low cost to create a good preoxidation environment, ⑷ utilizes cheap air as a preoxidant to oxidize and destroy the gold-loaded sulphide minerals under strong alkaline conditions, and ⑸ utilizes the complex reaction of thiosulfate generated by the preoxidation reaction and gold to form a gold thiosulfate complex to dissolve and leach gold, so that the purpose of synchronous cyanide-free gold leaching of preoxidation is achieved, which is the biggest bright point of the method.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, according to the characteristic that gold in the primary gold ore is mainly wrapped by arsenopyrite and pyrite, the invention researches and adopts a special medicament formula, and under the condition of normal pressure heating, the structure of a gold-carrying sulfide mineral inclusion is damaged by oxidation by oxygen in the air, so that the fine gold particles can be fully exposed, and thiosulfate generated by oxidizing sulfide minerals by oxygen in the air forms a gold complex to be leached, and the gold in the ore can be leached without adding sodium cyanide, thereby realizing the synchronous cyanide-free leaching of the preoxidation of the primary gold ore.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the invention include:
⑴ in the process of the invention, the surface layer of the flotation concentrate is also provided with a flotation agent, the efficiency of the conventional activated carbon flotation agent is lower, the cost is higher, the invention adopts the ultrasonic wave with double effects of the flotation agent and the activated sulfide mineral, the effect is obviously better than that of the activated carbon adsorption method, and the pre-oxidation leaching rate of gold is improved by about 10 percent.
⑵ according to the characteristic that arsenopyrite and pyrite are gold carrier minerals and are wrapped by the arsenopyrite and pyrite, the method researches the use of lime and soda ash to generate NaOH to create a strong alkaline environment, and has better effect and lower cost than the method of directly using NaOH.
⑶ the invention uses the oxygen in the air in the NaOH medium generated by the pre-oxidation auxiliary agent to generate thiosulfate which is pre-oxidized with sulfide minerals such as arsenopyrite and pyrite to generate complex with gold to leach gold under the condition of normal pressure heating, thus realizing the synchronous cyanide-free gold leaching, the gold leaching rate can reach 93.29%, which is the biggest bright point of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of primary concentrate preoxidation synchronous cyanide-free leaching of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Wherein, the related numerical values, parts or proportions are mass numerical values, parts or proportions if not labeled.
The invention is implemented as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is that gold concentrate obtained by primary gold ore flotation is ultra-finely ground to-38 mu m 90-98%, a preoxidation auxiliary agent with the ore amount of 27-53% is added, and the liquid-solid ratio is adjusted to be 2: 1-3.5: 1, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-4 hours under the condition of stirring, raising the temperature of the solution to 35-65 ℃, controlling the temperature, introducing cheap air as a pre-oxidant, performing pre-oxidation treatment on gold concentrate for 24-72 hours under the condition of stirring, filtering, washing leaching residues, adsorbing gold by using activated carbon for filtrate, and electrolyzing gold-carrying carbon to recover gold.
According to the properties of the flotation gold concentrate, the gold concentrate is pretreated by ultrasonic waves, firstly, the flotation agent on the surface of the mineral is cleaned by utilizing the ultrasonic cavitation, so that the pre-oxidation auxiliary agent and oxygen in the air can react with the gold-loaded sulfide mineral to oxidize the gold-loaded sulfide mineral; secondly, the gold-loaded sulfide minerals are activated by ultrasonic cavitation, so that the reaction activity is enhanced, and the gold-loaded sulfide minerals are easy to oxidize and decompose; thirdly, by utilizing the characteristics that NaOH newly generated by the reaction of lime and sodium carbonate has extremely strong activity and lower cost, a good pre-oxidation environment is created; fourthly, air is used as a cheap pre-oxidant to strengthen the oxidation effect of the sulfide minerals; fifthly, the pre-oxidation temperature is only 35-55 ℃, the heat released by the pre-oxidation reaction can ensure the normal operation of the pre-oxidation reaction under the conditions that the industrial production equipment has good heat preservation and the sulfur content in the ore is high, and the energy-saving effect is obvious; sixthly, the gold is dissolved and leached by utilizing the thiosulfate generated by the pre-oxidation reaction and the gold thiosulfate complex formed by the complex reaction, so that the pre-oxidation synchronous cyanide-free gold leaching is realized, and the gold is the biggest bright point of the invention.
The method for synchronously leaching gold without cyanogen by chemical pre-oxidation of primary gold ore has the following main chemical reactions:
first stage, sulfide mineral pre-oxidation:
4FeS2+16OH-+15O2→2Fe2O3+8SO4 2-+8H2O
2FeAsS+10OH-+7O2→Fe2O3+2AsO4 3-+2SO4 2-+5H2O
4FeS2+8OH-+7O2→2Fe2O3+4S2O3 2-+4H2O
2FeAsS+8OH-+4O2→Fe2O3+2AsO3 3-+S2O3 2-+4H2O
8FeAsS+26OH-+10O2→4Fe2O3+2AsS3 3-+6AsO3 3-+S2O3 2-+13H2O
and in the second stage, carrying out thiosulfate complex leaching on gold:
4Au+O2+8S2O3 2-+2H2O＝4Au(S2O3)2 3-+4OH-
the primary concentrate preoxidation synchronous cyanide-free leaching process of the invention is shown in figure 1.
The pre-oxidation cyanide-free leaching conditions of the invention include:
(1) grinding fineness: the part with the particle size of-38 mu m accounts for 90-98% of the total ore;
(2) ultrasonic pretreatment conditions: the addition amount of the pre-oxidation auxiliary agent is 27% -53% of the amount of the ore, and the liquid-solid ratio is 2: 1-3.5: 1, the pretreatment temperature is normal temperature, and the ultrasonic intensity is 3000W/m2The pretreatment time is 1-4 hours, and the stirring intensity is 1992 revolutions per minute.
(3) Pre-oxidation synchronous leaching conditions: the addition amount of the pre-oxidation auxiliary agent is 27% -53% of the amount of the ore, and the liquid-solid ratio is 2: 1-3.5: the pre-oxidation temperature is 35-65 ℃, the pre-oxidation time is 24-72 hours, and the stirring strength is 1992 revolutions per minute. The pre-oxidant is air.
(4) The gold adsorption by the activated carbon and the gold recovery by the electrolytic gold-loaded carbon are the same as the conventional process.
Several embodiments of the invention are given below:
example 1:
taking 10 kg of flotation gold concentrate, adding 10 kg of water, carrying out superfine grinding to 96-98-38 mu m, washing the ore pulp into a reaction kettle for several times by using 10 kg of water, wherein the concentration of the ore pulp is 33.3%, adding 1kg of quicklime and 1.7kg of soda under the condition of strong stirring, heating to 35 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours, carrying out preoxidation treatment for 72 hours, filtering, washing slag for three times, combining filtrates, adsorbing gold by using activated carbon according to the conventional process, and electrolyzing gold-loaded carbon to recover gold.
Example 2:
taking 10 kg of flotation gold concentrate, adding 10 kg of water, carrying out superfine grinding to 94-96-38 mu m, washing all ore pulp into a reaction kettle for several times by using 15 kg of water, wherein the concentration of the ore pulp is 28.6%, adding 1.5kg of quicklime and 2.5kg of soda under the condition of strong stirring, heating to 45 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours, carrying out preoxidation treatment for 48 hours, filtering, washing slag for three times, combining filtrates, adsorbing gold by using activated carbon according to the conventional process, and electrolyzing gold-loaded carbon to recover gold.
Example 3:
taking 10 kg of flotation gold concentrate, adding 10 kg of water, carrying out superfine grinding to 92-94-38 mu m, washing all ore pulp into a reaction kettle for several times by using 20 kg of water, wherein the concentration of the ore pulp is 25%, adding 2.0kg of quicklime and 3.3kg of soda ash under the condition of strong stirring, heating to 55 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours, carrying out preoxidation treatment for 36 hours, filtering, washing slag for three times, combining filtrates, adsorbing gold by using activated carbon according to the conventional process, and electrolyzing gold-loaded carbon to recover gold.
Example 4:
taking 10 kg of flotation gold concentrate, adding 10 kg of water, carrying out superfine grinding to 90-92-38 mu m, washing all ore pulp into a reaction kettle by 25 kg of water for several times, wherein the concentration of the ore pulp is 22.2%, adding 2kg of quicklime and 3.3kg of soda under the condition of strong stirring, heating to 65 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour, carrying out pre-oxidation treatment for 24 hours, filtering, washing slag for three times, combining filtrates, adsorbing gold by using activated carbon according to the conventional process, and electrolyzing gold-loaded carbon to recover gold.
Of course, the above is only a specific application example of the present invention, and other embodiments of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for chemical pre-oxidation synchronous cyanide-free leaching of primary gold ore is characterized by comprising the following steps: the gold is dissolved and leached by using the thiosulfate complex of gold formed by the complex reaction of the thiosulfate and the gold generated by the pre-oxidation reaction, so that the synchronous cyanide-free gold leaching of the pre-oxidation is realized; cleaning the flotation reagent on the surface of the ore particles by utilizing ultrasonic cavitation to activate the gold-loaded sulfide minerals, so that the gold-loaded sulfide minerals can be conveniently oxidized by the preoxidant; a good pre-oxidation environment is created by using NaOH newly generated by the reaction of lime and sodium carbonate; NaOH newly generated by the reaction of lime and sodium carbonate is a pre-oxidation auxiliary agent;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, ultra-finely grinding gold concentrate obtained by floatation of primary gold ore to-38 mu m 90-98%;
s2, adding a preoxidation auxiliary agent accounting for 27-53% of the ore amount, and adding water to adjust the liquid-solid ratio to 2: 1-3.5: 1;
s3, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-4 hours under the stirring condition;
s4, raising the temperature of the solution to 35-65 ℃, controlling the temperature, introducing cheap air as a pre-oxidant, and pre-oxidizing the gold concentrate for 24-72 hours under the stirring condition;
s5, filtering, washing the leaching residue, adsorbing gold by active carbon in the filtrate, electrolyzing the gold-carrying carbon to recover gold.
2. The method for chemical pre-oxidation synchronous cyanide-free leaching of primary gold ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: the size of the ore particles is reduced by adopting superfine grinding, so that a preoxidation agent can easily enter the ore particles to react with sulfide minerals, and the sulfide minerals carrying gold are oxidized.
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| CN109797281B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-04-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Sulfide ore precious metal recovery process based on thiosulfate leaching method |
| CN110343858B (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-05-28 | 贵州省冶金化工研究所 | Ultrasonic-assisted reinforced gold leaching method |
| CN110387465A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-29 | 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局117地质大队 | It is a kind of reduce thiosulfate dosage leaching gold auxiliary agent and its application |
| CN113088720A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-09 | 张伟晓 | Efficient pretreatment method for refractory metallurgical ore |
| CN113477667B (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2022-02-15 | 广东天源环境科技有限公司 | Cyanide tailing decyanation method |
| CN115478168B (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2023-09-26 | 中南大学 | Method for in-situ self-leaching gold from sulfide gold ore |
| CN115465880B (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2023-10-31 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing thiosulfate from pyrite under normal pressure |
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| CN102154561A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2011-08-17 | 长春黄金研究院 | Non-cyanide gold leaching method for refractory gold concentrate |
| CN103773952B (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-11-18 | 湖南宝山有色金属矿业有限责任公司 | The method of Leaching of Gold from auriferous pyrite concentrate |
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