CN108192700A - A kind of preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil - Google Patents

A kind of preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108192700A
CN108192700A CN201711353121.4A CN201711353121A CN108192700A CN 108192700 A CN108192700 A CN 108192700A CN 201711353121 A CN201711353121 A CN 201711353121A CN 108192700 A CN108192700 A CN 108192700A
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lubricating oil
cutting machine
bamboo stick
parts
preparation process
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刘浩宇
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Huoshan County Yu Shun Bamboo Products Co Ltd
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Huoshan County Yu Shun Bamboo Products Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/048Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/085Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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    • C10M2201/00Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/102Silicates
    • C10M2201/103Clays; Mica; Zeolites
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    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/122Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
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    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/287Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/102Polyesters
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    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/12Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/14Containing carbon-to-nitrogen double bounds, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones
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    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
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    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/10Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
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    • C10M2227/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes
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    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of preparation processes of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil, include the following steps:(1)Basic oil processing,(2)Functional stuffing preparation,(3)Additive preparation,(4)It is prepared by finished product.The integrated quality of lubricating oil produced by the present invention is good, greasy property is strong, effectively reduces the friction between parts, and its stability in use is high, long lifespan, stability in use and the service life of bamboo stick cutting machine are significantly improved, there is good economic benefit and produces and uses value.

Description

A kind of preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil
Technical field
The invention belongs to bamboo stick working process technical fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation work of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil Skill.
Background technology
Bamboo stick is by the bamboo elongated bamboo bar or bamboo chip sharp as one end that Raw material processing forms, in people’s lives In be widely used, such as roasting the inserting of raw material, the making of craftwork.In the processing and fabricating of bamboo stick, bamboo stick cut-out Machine is a kind of essential mechanical equipment, is used for cutting off the bamboo stick semi-finished product of machine-shaping, needed for reaching Length requirement.Bamboo stick cutting machine necessarily uses lubricating oil in operation processing, and lubricating oil is to ensure that the operation of bamboo stick cutting machine is high It imitates an important factor for steady, but presently commercially available most lubricants performances are common and unstable, and bamboo stick cutting machine is caused to process When easily there is maloperation, and then affect the machining yield and quality of bamboo stick.Therefore it needs to continue to optimize lubricating oil Improve.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the problem of existing, a kind of preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil is provided.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil, includes the following steps:
(1)Basic oil processing:
By sucrose polyfatty acid esters, pla-pcl, isocyanates, dimethyl carbonate, dimethylethanolamine according to following corresponding weight ratio 60 ~ 70:5~7:3~5:2~4:1 ~ 3, which carries out mixing, is put into reaction kettle, and it is 55 ~ 60 DEG C that then heating, which keeps the temperature in reaction kettle, And promote the pressure in reaction kettle to 0.4 ~ 0.5MPa, be stirred continuously after 1 ~ 1.5h of processing take out base oil is spare;
(2)It is prepared by functional stuffing:
Mica powder is put into 10 ~ 15min of immersion treatment in the phosphoric acid solution that mass fraction is 8 ~ 10%, is immersed in again after taking-up 40 ~ 45min of immersion treatment in modification liquid takes out obtain functional stuffing after being put into 30 ~ 35min of the interior drying process of drying box after the completion It is spare;The modification liquid by following parts by weight material composition:14 ~ 18 parts of silane coupling agents, 6 ~ 10 parts of acrylic acid, 10 ~ 15 parts Nano zirconium dioxide, 2 ~ 4 parts of sodium pyrophosphates, 1 ~ 3 part of magnesium stearate, 200 ~ 230 parts of water;
(3)Additive is prepared:
By step(2)Functional stuffing and sulfurized alkylphenol calcium obtained, glycerol acrylate, soybean lecithin correspondence are according to as follows Weight ratio 5 ~ 9:8~12:14~18:20 ~ 25, which carry out mixing, is put into reaction kettle, and it is spare that additive is obtained after high-speed stirred is uniform;
(4)It is prepared by finished product:
By step(1)Base oil obtained and step(3)Additive obtained is according to weight ratio 20 ~ 24:1 is mixed, at a high speed Lubricating oil is got product after stirring evenly.
Further, step(1)Described in stir process rotating speed be 400 ~ 500 revs/min.
Further, step(2)Described in drying process when control drying box in temperature be 80 ~ 90 DEG C.
Further, step(2)Described in nano zirconium dioxide granular size be 10 ~ 60nm.
Further, step(3)Described in high-speed stirred speed of agitator be 1800 ~ 2000 revs/min.
Further, step(4)Described in high-speed stirred speed of agitator be 2400 ~ 2600 revs/min.
The present invention has carried out the preparation process of lubricating oil special improvement processing, and especially its component is adjusted Improve, wherein using sucrose polyfatty acid esters as matrix composition, be then added to pla-pcl, isocyanates, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl second Hydramine progress is composite modified, introduces a large amount of active reactive group, improves whole temperature tolerance, mobility and film forming, The additive component of unique preparation is also added, wherein containing functional stuffing, is formed by matrix modification of mica powder, lamella Mica powder is conducive to be promoted the sliding lubricity of lubricating oil entirety, and nano zirconium dioxide intercalation is fixed on mica powder after modification Interlayer, not only improve whole intensity and wearability, while this nano particle can also play the role of ball, further carry The slip lubricity of mica powder is risen, sulfurized alkylphenol calcium, the glycerol acrylate of addition etc. improves functional stuffing and lubricating Dispersion compatibility in oil base body.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art:
The integrated quality of lubricating oil produced by the present invention is good, and greasy property is strong, effectively reduces the friction between parts, and it makes With stability is high, long lifespan, hence it is evident that improve stability in use and the service life of bamboo stick cutting machine, have good economic benefit and Produce and use value.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil, includes the following steps:
(1)Basic oil processing:
By sucrose polyfatty acid esters, pla-pcl, isocyanates, dimethyl carbonate, dimethylethanolamine according to following corresponding weight ratio 60: 5:3:2:1, which carries out mixing, is put into reaction kettle, and it is 55 DEG C, and promoted in reaction kettle that then heating, which keeps the temperature in reaction kettle, Pressure to 0.4MPa, be stirred continuously after processing 1h take out base oil is spare;
(2)It is prepared by functional stuffing:
Mica powder is put into immersion treatment 10min in the phosphoric acid solution that mass fraction is 8%, is immersed in modification liquid after taking-up again Middle immersion treatment 40min, take out after the completion be put into drying box be dried after 30min functional stuffing is spare;It is described to change Property liquid by following parts by weight material composition:14 parts of silane coupling agents, 6 parts of acrylic acid, 10 parts of nano zirconium dioxides, 2 parts of burnt phosphorus Sour sodium, 1 part of magnesium stearate, 200 parts of water;
(3)Additive is prepared:
By step(2)Functional stuffing and sulfurized alkylphenol calcium obtained, glycerol acrylate, soybean lecithin correspondence are according to as follows Weight ratio 5:8:14:20, which carry out mixing, is put into reaction kettle, and it is spare that additive is obtained after high-speed stirred is uniform;
(4)It is prepared by finished product:
By step(1)Base oil obtained and step(3)Additive obtained is according to weight ratio 20:1 is mixed, high-speed stirred Lubricating oil is got product after uniformly.
Further, step(1)Described in stir process rotating speed be 400 revs/min.
Further, step(2)Described in drying process when control drying box in temperature be 80 DEG C.
Further, step(2)Described in nano zirconium dioxide granular size be 10 ~ 60nm.
Further, step(3)Described in high-speed stirred speed of agitator be 1800 revs/min.
Further, step(4)Described in high-speed stirred speed of agitator be 2400 revs/min.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil, includes the following steps:
(1)Basic oil processing:
By sucrose polyfatty acid esters, pla-pcl, isocyanates, dimethyl carbonate, dimethylethanolamine according to following corresponding weight ratio 65: 6:4:3:2, which carry out mixing, is put into reaction kettle, and it is 58 DEG C, and promoted in reaction kettle that then heating, which keeps the temperature in reaction kettle, Pressure to 0.46MPa, be stirred continuously after processing 1.2h take out base oil is spare;
(2)It is prepared by functional stuffing:
Mica powder is put into immersion treatment 13min in the phosphoric acid solution that mass fraction is 9%, is immersed in modification liquid after taking-up again Middle immersion treatment 42min, take out after the completion be put into drying box be dried after 33min functional stuffing is spare;It is described to change Property liquid by following parts by weight material composition:16 parts of silane coupling agents, 8 parts of acrylic acid, 13 parts of nano zirconium dioxides, 3 parts of burnt phosphorus Sour sodium, 2 parts of magnesium stearates, 220 parts of water;
(3)Additive is prepared:
By step(2)Functional stuffing and sulfurized alkylphenol calcium obtained, glycerol acrylate, soybean lecithin correspondence are according to as follows Weight ratio 8:10:16:23, which carry out mixing, is put into reaction kettle, and it is spare that additive is obtained after high-speed stirred is uniform;
(4)It is prepared by finished product:
By step(1)Base oil obtained and step(3)Additive obtained is according to weight ratio 22:1 is mixed, high-speed stirred Lubricating oil is got product after uniformly.
Further, step(1)Described in stir process rotating speed be 460 revs/min.
Further, step(2)Described in drying process when control drying box in temperature be 85 DEG C.
Further, step(2)Described in nano zirconium dioxide granular size be 10 ~ 60nm.
Further, step(3)Described in high-speed stirred speed of agitator be 1900 revs/min.
Further, step(4)Described in high-speed stirred speed of agitator be 2500 revs/min.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil, includes the following steps:
(1)Basic oil processing:
By sucrose polyfatty acid esters, pla-pcl, isocyanates, dimethyl carbonate, dimethylethanolamine according to following corresponding weight ratio 70: 7:5:4:3, which carry out mixing, is put into reaction kettle, and it is 60 DEG C, and promoted in reaction kettle that then heating, which keeps the temperature in reaction kettle, Pressure to 0.5MPa, be stirred continuously after processing 1.5h take out base oil is spare;
(2)It is prepared by functional stuffing:
Mica powder is put into immersion treatment 15min in the phosphoric acid solution that mass fraction is 10%, is immersed in modification liquid after taking-up again Middle immersion treatment 45min, take out after the completion be put into drying box be dried after 35min functional stuffing is spare;It is described to change Property liquid by following parts by weight material composition:18 parts of silane coupling agents, 10 parts of acrylic acid, 15 parts of nano zirconium dioxides, 4 parts of burnt phosphorus Sour sodium, 3 parts of magnesium stearates, 230 parts of water;
(3)Additive is prepared:
By step(2)Functional stuffing and sulfurized alkylphenol calcium obtained, glycerol acrylate, soybean lecithin correspondence are according to as follows Weight ratio 9:12:18:25, which carry out mixing, is put into reaction kettle, and it is spare that additive is obtained after high-speed stirred is uniform;
(4)It is prepared by finished product:
By step(1)Base oil obtained and step(3)Additive obtained is according to weight ratio 24:1 is mixed, high-speed stirred Lubricating oil is got product after uniformly.
Further, step(1)Described in stir process rotating speed be 500 revs/min.
Further, step(2)Described in drying process when control drying box in temperature be 90 DEG C.
Further, step(2)Described in nano zirconium dioxide granular size be 10 ~ 60nm.
Further, step(3)Described in high-speed stirred speed of agitator be 2000 revs/min.
Further, step(4)Described in high-speed stirred speed of agitator be 2600 revs/min.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 compared with Example 2, with etc. mass parts common mica powder replace functional stuffing ingredient, in addition to this Method and step all same.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example 2 compared with Example 2, with etc. mass parts sucrose polyfatty acid esters step of replacing(1)Base oil obtained into Point, method and step all same in addition to this.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example 3 compared with Example 2, eliminates functional stuffing ingredient, method and step all same in addition to this.
In order to compare effect of the present invention, to above-described embodiment 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 Lubricating oil is tested for the property made from correspondence, and specific correction data is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
Friction coefficient(μ) Wear extent(mg) Kinematic viscosity change rate(%)
Embodiment 2 0.09 8.0 9.4
Comparative example 1 0.13 13.6 12.8
Comparative example 2 0.12 12.4 15.3
Comparative example 3 0.15 17.3 20.5
Note:Friction coefficient described in upper table 1 is tested by linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester, and when abrasion is used Size of sample, characteristic etc. are identical, and control load is 280N, linear velocity 1.5m/s during experiment, and METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION 5h, which is measured, to rub Wipe coefficient;The wear extent is after carrying out measuring friction coefficient, to weigh to sample, the wear extent measured;The fortune Kinetic viscosity change rate is the change rate of kinematic viscosity after lubricating oil is risen to 55 DEG C by room temperature.
Lubricating oil synthesis produced by the present invention is good using quality it can be seen from upper table 1, and stability is high, is effectively ensured The stability in use of cutting machine and service life have good application value.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1)Basic oil processing:
By sucrose polyfatty acid esters, pla-pcl, isocyanates, dimethyl carbonate, dimethylethanolamine according to following corresponding weight ratio 60 ~ 70:5~7:3~5:2~4:1 ~ 3, which carries out mixing, is put into reaction kettle, and it is 55 ~ 60 DEG C that then heating, which keeps the temperature in reaction kettle, And promote the pressure in reaction kettle to 0.4 ~ 0.5MPa, be stirred continuously after 1 ~ 1.5h of processing take out base oil is spare;
(2)It is prepared by functional stuffing:
Mica powder is put into 10 ~ 15min of immersion treatment in the phosphoric acid solution that mass fraction is 8 ~ 10%, is immersed in again after taking-up 40 ~ 45min of immersion treatment in modification liquid takes out obtain functional stuffing after being put into 30 ~ 35min of the interior drying process of drying box after the completion It is spare;The modification liquid by following parts by weight material composition:14 ~ 18 parts of silane coupling agents, 6 ~ 10 parts of acrylic acid, 10 ~ 15 parts Nano zirconium dioxide, 2 ~ 4 parts of sodium pyrophosphates, 1 ~ 3 part of magnesium stearate, 200 ~ 230 parts of water;
(3)Additive is prepared:
By step(2)Functional stuffing and sulfurized alkylphenol calcium obtained, glycerol acrylate, soybean lecithin correspondence are according to as follows Weight ratio 5 ~ 9:8~12:14~18:20 ~ 25, which carry out mixing, is put into reaction kettle, and it is spare that additive is obtained after high-speed stirred is uniform;
(4)It is prepared by finished product:
By step(1)Base oil obtained and step(3)Additive obtained is according to weight ratio 20 ~ 24:1 is mixed, at a high speed Lubricating oil is got product after stirring evenly.
A kind of 2. preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step(1) Described in stir process rotating speed be 400 ~ 500 revs/min.
A kind of 3. preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step(2) Described in drying process when control drying box in temperature be 80 ~ 90 DEG C.
A kind of 4. preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step(2) Described in nano zirconium dioxide granular size be 10 ~ 60nm.
A kind of 5. preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step(3) Described in high-speed stirred speed of agitator be 1800 ~ 2000 revs/min.
A kind of 6. preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step(4) Described in high-speed stirred speed of agitator be 2400 ~ 2600 revs/min.
CN201711353121.4A 2017-12-15 2017-12-15 A kind of preparation process of bamboo stick cutting machine lubricating oil Pending CN108192700A (en)

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Application publication date: 20180622