CN108187765B - PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber and synthetic method thereof - Google Patents

PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber and synthetic method thereof Download PDF

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CN108187765B
CN108187765B CN201810093520.XA CN201810093520A CN108187765B CN 108187765 B CN108187765 B CN 108187765B CN 201810093520 A CN201810093520 A CN 201810093520A CN 108187765 B CN108187765 B CN 108187765B
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dvb
cation exchange
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exchange fiber
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CN108187765A (en
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段文杰
赵亮
田振邦
黄伟庆
黄做华
王静
赵东
王俊
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Institute of Chemistry Henan Academy of Sciences Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
    • B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
    • B01J39/16—Organic material
    • B01J39/18—Macromolecular compounds
    • B01J39/22—Cellulose or wood; Derivatives thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/265—Synthetic macromolecular compounds modified or post-treated polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • B01J20/28038—Membranes or mats made from fibers or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
    • D06M14/08—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of synthetic origin
    • D06M14/10—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of synthetic origin of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

Abstract

The invention discloses a PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber and a synthetic method thereof, belonging to the technical field of high polymer materials. The invention takes PP-ST-DVB fiber as raw material fiber, and introduces carboxyl through the reaction of benzene ring on the PP-ST-DVB fiber and organic compound containing intramolecular anhydride group under the action of catalyst, so as to obtain fiber material containing carboxyl. The fiber material has high carboxyl content, maintains good shape, elasticity and strength, and has application prospect in the aspects of functionalized textiles, water and air purification, chemical substance separation and extraction and the like. The synthesis method adopts a one-step method to introduce carboxyl into the polypropylene fiber grafted with styrene, avoids the use of carcinogenic substances such as chloromethyl ether and the like in the traditional synthesis method, and has simple process, mild conditions and easy control.

Description

PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber and synthetic method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fiber material and a synthetic method thereof, in particular to a PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber material and a synthetic method thereof, belonging to the technical field of high polymer materials.
Background
The textile fiber has sufficient supply, various varieties and proper price, and is a good raw material source for obtaining new materials. The functionalization or pre-grafting of common textile fibers (synthetic fibers and natural fibers) can enable the fibers to have further functionalization conditions, such as radiation grafting or solution chemical reaction grafting of styrene and divinylbenzene on polypropylene fibers is the first choice for polypropylene fiber functionalization, and has been studied for decades at home and abroad, the process is mature, and related products are commercialized. The functionalized fiber not only maintains the original characteristics and advantages of the fiber, but also has various special properties and purposes, and the research in the field is increasingly concerned by people in recent years. Chemical modification is an important means for functionalizing fibers, and active chemical groups carried by the fibers chemically react with certain molecules or ions to enable the fibers to have new surface chemical characteristics, so that the fibers have new functions of static resistance, water absorption and moisture retention, adsorption separation, antibiosis and deodorization, water and air purification and the like. The chemical modification can be realized by adopting different fibers as raw materials and through different treatment methods and processes, and by taking the fiber material with introduced carboxyl as an example, the following related documents report that:
literature "Synthesis of ion exchange fibers containing carboxyl groups and its Pair UO2 2+Study of adsorption Performance "(Nuclear technology, 2009, 32 (9): 689-694): using polyacrylonitrile fiber fabric as a framework, firstly crosslinking fibers with diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine to form a net structure, and then hydrolyzing with NaOH solution to prepare carboxyl fibers; the literature, "preparation of weakly acidic polypropylene ion exchange fiber and its application in adsorption and recovery of rare earth elements" (Master thesis, southern development university, 2013) uses polypropylene fiber as matrix and adopts60Grafting monomers with carboxyl by using a Co-gamma ray pre-irradiation and ultraviolet irradiation grafting method, and then preparing the novel weak acid ion exchange fiber by transformation; the patent "a 6-aminopyridine-3-carboxylic acid chelate resin and its preparation method" (CN102295723A) utilizesStyrene is used as a monomer, a suspension polymerization method is adopted to prepare a low-crosslinking macroporous polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin short for white spheres, the white spheres are soaked in chloromethyl ether, zinc chloride is added as a catalyst to carry out chloromethylation reaction to obtain chloromethylation low-crosslinking macroporous polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin short for chlorine spheres, then the swelled chlorine spheres are added into N, N-dimethylformamide solution of 6-aminopyridine-3-carboxylic acid to react to prepare 6-aminopyridine-3-carboxylic acid chelating resin, thereby introducing carboxyl.
In the above literature reports, "carboxyl group-containing ion exchange fiber synthesis and its Pair UO2 2+The research on the adsorption performance is that weakly acidic fibers are prepared by hydrolyzing polyacrylonitrile fiber-CN groups, and the weakly acidic fibers are prepared by adopting a two-step method, the carboxyl fibers prepared by the method are easy to collapse and flow when the water purification filling adsorption column is used, and are easy to continue hydrolyzing after being soaked for a long time, so that great fiber structure loss is caused; the preparation of the weakly acidic polypropylene ion exchange fiber and the application of the weakly acidic polypropylene ion exchange fiber in adsorbing and recovering rare earth elements are that acrylic acid monomers are grafted on polypropylene fibers by an irradiation grafting method, the carboxyl content of the acrylic acid monomers is 9.5mmol/g, but the adsorption capacities of the acrylic acid monomers to yttrium, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium in practical application are respectively only 1.73mmol/g, 2.58mmol/g, 0.74mmol/g and 1.93mmol/g which are far lower than the carboxyl content of the acrylic acid monomers, which is probably because the distance between the grafted carboxyl and a polypropylene skeleton is small, and part of the carboxyl cannot act or a plurality of the carboxyl and the same ion have chelation effect due to the steric hindrance effect in adsorption; the patent "a preparation method of ion exchange fiber containing carboxyl and quaternary ammonium group" (CN 101768865A) is that acrylic monomer is grafted to polypropylene fiber by a radiation grafting method, but the carboxyl content after grafting is only 2.27 mmol/g; the patent "6-aminopyridine-3-carboxylic acid chelate resin and its preparation method" (CN102295723A) introduces active group to benzene ring by chloromethylation reaction of chloromethyl ether to polystyrene, then reacts with carboxyl-containing 6-aminopyridine-3-carboxylic acid to introduce carboxyl, and uses chloromethyl ether in the preparation process, and chloromethyl ether is one of the established human carcinogens. Using PP-ST-DVB fiber as raw material fiber, passing through benzene ring and component on PP-ST-DVB fiberThe method of obtaining the fiber material containing carboxyl group by reacting the organic compound of the intramolecular anhydride group (such as maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride) with the catalyst to introduce carboxyl group is not reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel multifunctional PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber material; and aims at providing the synthetic method of the fiber material with simple process, mild condition and easy control.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the cation exchange takes PP-ST-DVB fiber as raw material fiber, and carboxyl is introduced by the reaction of benzene ring on the PP-ST-DVB fiber and organic compound containing intramolecular anhydride group under the action of catalyst, so as to obtain the fiber material containing carboxyl.
The synthesis method provided by the invention comprises the following specific processes: dissolving an organic compound containing intramolecular anhydride groups in a solvent dichloromethane or trichloromethane or dichloroethane or nitrobenzene, dispersing a catalyst in the solvent in an ultrasonic or stirring manner, finally adding pretreated PP-ST-DVB fibers into a reaction system, reacting for a period of time under the ultrasonic oscillation condition of 5-40 ℃, taking out the fibers after the reaction is finished, leaching the organic solvent in the fibers with absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and then washing the fibers to be neutral by using deionized water; after acid soaking, washing the fiber to be neutral by deionized water, and drying the fiber to be constant weight to obtain H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber; or according to the use requirement, the H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber is soaked in NaOH solution, washed to be neutral by deionized water and dried to be constant weight to obtain Na-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber; the carboxyl content of the PP-ST-DVB-based weak acid ion exchange fiber is 7-10.0 mmol/g-1。
The chemical reaction process is shown below (taking the reaction with maleic anhydride as an example):
Figure BDA0001564362200000031
the synthesis method provided by the invention comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: PP-ST-DVB fibres, an organic compound containing intramolecular anhydride groups, a catalyst, a solvent 1:0.2-5:0.3-6: 10-150; the reaction time is 10min-10 h. The catalyst is AlCl3-LiClO4Systems or FeCl3-LiClO4The preparation method of the system comprises the following steps: AlCl3Or FeCl3And L iClO4In a molar ratio of 1: 0.3-0.5, grinding uniformly under the protection of nitrogen, activating for 10h at the temperature of 140-160 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, cooling, sealing and storing.
The grafting amount of ST-DVB in the PP-ST-DVB fiber adopted as the raw material is 20-400%. The organic compound containing intramolecular anhydride group is maleic anhydride or succinic anhydride.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the fiber material synthesized by the invention is a cation exchange fiber material taking PP-ST-DVB as a matrix framework material, the main functional group of the fiber material is carboxyl, and the fiber material has various application prospects, such as: by means of the exchange function of the cation on the carboxyl, the method can be used for adsorbing, removing or separating various pollutants in the enriched water, including Cu (II), Ca (II), Mg (II), methylene blue and the like; for H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber, the weak acidity of hydrogen ions on carboxyl can be used for adsorbing and removing NH in gas3And the like. (2) The cation exchange fiber prepared by the invention has the advantages of larger distance between carboxyl and a fiber framework, small influence of steric hindrance when in use and high utilization rate of the carboxyl. (3) The method adopts one-step chemical reaction, has mild reaction conditions, is easy to control, and avoids the limitations of few irradiation sources, complex operation and protection and the like on the development of PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fibers. (4) When the grafted carboxyl modification is carried out on the polypropylene fiber grafted with styrene, the use of carcinogenic substances such as chloromethyl ether and the like in the traditional grafting method is avoided, and the method is green and environment-friendly. (5) The invention uses a mixed catalytic system and ultrasonic-assisted synthesis in the synthesis process, reduces the dosage of the catalyst, leads the reaction to be selectively grafted on the para position of a benzene ring, and further leads the reaction product to have better shape and uniformity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a PP-ST-DVB fiber as a starting materialThe infrared spectra of the fibers of the invention synthesized in the examples. In the figure, a is the IR spectrum of PP-ST-DVB fiber, b is the IR spectrum of Na type fiber synthesized in example 1, c is the IR spectrum of H type fiber synthesized in example 2, and d is the IR spectrum of Na type fiber synthesized in example 3. The infrared spectrogram b, C and d of the reaction product has obvious change compared with the infrared spectrogram a of the original PP-ST-DVB fiber, and the product has a-C-O absorption peak (1670 cm) connected with a benzene ring-1Or 1672cm-1) and-C ═ O absorption peak in carboxyl group (1727 cm)-1Or 1716cm-1) and-CH-in-C-H in-plane bending vibration absorption peak (1402 cm)-1Or 1417cm-1) and-C-O absorption peak in carboxyl group (1274 cm)-1Or 1273cm-1) After the reaction, the chemical structure of the fiber is obviously changed and new chemical groups (such as-C ═ O and-COO) are introduced-Etc.); 1493cm before and after reaction-1The nearby absorption peak is obviously weakened, and 1600cm-1The absorption peaks in the vicinity are significantly enhanced, which indicates that the benzene ring in the fiber structure is changed from mono-substitution to di-substitution, and that para-substitution mainly with electron donating group (-C ═ O) occurs.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the invention, the following examples are given:
example 1:
mixing 4.2g of maleic anhydride and AlCl3-LiClO45.1g of dichloromethane 80M L are put into a three-necked bottle to be stirred and dispersed, 1g of PP-ST-DVB fiber (the grafting amount of ST-DVB is 350%) which is pretreated is put into the three-necked bottle, the temperature is controlled to be 35 ℃ and the ultrasonic oscillation condition is adopted for reaction for 1H, the fiber is taken out after the reaction is finished, firstly, absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone is used for leaching an organic solvent in the fiber, then, deionized water is used for washing the organic solvent to be neutral, after 0.5M acid is used for soaking for 12H, deionized water is used for washing the organic solvent to be neutral, and drying is carried out to constant weight, so that H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber is obtained, or according to the use requirement, the H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber can be soaked for 12H by 0.5M NaOH solution, then, deionized water is used for washing to be neutral, and drying is carried out to constant weight, so that the Na-type PP.
Example 2:
mixing 1.6g of maleic anhydride and FeCl3-LiClO42.2g of dichloroethane 80M L is put into a three-necked bottle to be stirred and ultrasonically dissolved, 1g of PP-ST-DVB fiber (the grafting amount of ST-DVB is 250%) which is pretreated is put into the bottle, the reaction is carried out for 2H under the ultrasonic oscillation condition of controlling the temperature to be 20 ℃, the fiber is taken out after the reaction is finished, firstly, absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone is used for leaching an organic solvent in the fiber, then, deionized water is used for washing the fiber to be neutral, after 0.5M acid is used for soaking for 12H, deionized water is used for washing the fiber to be neutral, and drying is carried out to be constant weight, so that H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber is obtained, or according to the use requirement, the obtained H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber is soaked for 12H by 0.5M NaOH solution, washed by deionized water to be neutral, and dried to be constant weight, so that the Na-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber is obtained.
Example 3:
mixing succinic anhydride 0.7g and FeCl3-LiClO41.0g of nitrobenzene 120M L is put into a three-necked bottle to be stirred and dissolved, 1g of PP-ST-DVB fiber (the grafting amount of ST-DVB is 300%) which is pretreated is put into the three-necked bottle, the temperature is controlled to be 10 ℃ and the ultrasonic oscillation condition is adopted for reaction for 8H, the fiber is taken out after the reaction is finished, firstly, absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone is used for leaching an organic solvent in the fiber, then, deionized water is used for washing the organic solvent to be neutral, after 0.5M acid is used for soaking for 12H, deionized water is used for washing the organic solvent to be neutral, and drying is carried out to constant weight, so that H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber is obtained, or according to the use requirement, the H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber can be soaked for 12H by 0.5M NaOH solution, then, deionized water is used for washing to be neutral, and drying is carried out to constant weight, so that the Na-type PP.
Application example 1:
0.0480g and 0.0496g of Na-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber synthesized in example 1 were weighed and respectively put into 100m L with a concentration of 94.3 mg. L-1And 248.5 mg. L-1The Cu (II) solution is adsorbed for 15 hours under constant temperature oscillation at 25 ℃, and the concentration of the Cu (II) in the solution is respectively reduced to 0.4 mg-L-1And 37.3 mg. L-1When the fibers are paired at two different pointsThe adsorption amounts of Cu (II) in the initial Cu (II) concentration solutions were 195.6mg g-1Dry fibre and 425.8mg g-1And (3) dry fibers. In the same conditions, the PP-ST-DVB fiber was used for comparative experiments, and the Cu (II) concentration was unchanged. The application example illustrates that the Na-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber prepared by the method has good adsorption performance on Cu (II).
Application example 2:
0.0306g of Na-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber synthesized in example 2 was weighed and put into 100m L with a concentration of 306.5mg L-1The methylene blue is adsorbed in the aqueous solution of methylene blue for 15 hours under constant temperature oscillation at 25 ℃, and the concentration of the methylene blue in the solution is reduced to 2.4 mg. L-1In this case, the amount of methylene blue adsorbed by the fiber was 993.8mg g-1And (3) dry fibers. The adsorption capacity of the PP-ST-DVB fiber to methylene blue is less than 10 mg.g under the same condition in a comparison experiment-1And (3) dry fibers. The application example illustrates that the H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber prepared by the invention has good adsorption performance on methylene blue.
Application example 3:
1g of the H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber material synthesized in example 3 was packed in an adsorption column having a diameter of 1.4cm and a packed bed height of 5cm, and NH-containing gas was continuously introduced into the adsorption column at a gas flow rate of 0.5L/min3203.4mg/m3Mixed gas of (2), NH in the outlet gas3The concentration can be reduced to 0.1 mg.m-3The pair of fiber materials used was obtained by dynamic experiments as follows, 203.4mg · m-3NH of (2)3Has an adsorption capacity of 118.2mg g-1. Under the same conditions, the original PP-ST-DVB fiber is used for comparison, and no effect is produced. This shows that the prepared H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber material is opposite to NH3The method has the advantages of high adsorption capacity, high adsorption sensitivity and high removal rate of over 99.9%.

Claims (6)

  1. A PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber material, characterized by being prepared by the following method: dissolving organic compound containing intramolecular acid anhydride group in solvent dichloromethane or trichloromethane or dichloroethane orDispersing a catalyst in a solvent in an ultrasonic or stirring manner, finally adding the pretreated PP-ST-DVB fiber into a reaction system, reacting at 5-40 ℃ under the ultrasonic oscillation condition, taking out the fiber after the reaction is finished, leaching an organic solvent in the fiber by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and then washing the fiber to be neutral by using deionized water; after acid soaking, washing the fiber to be neutral by deionized water, and drying the fiber to be constant weight to obtain H-type PP-ST-DVB base cation exchange fiber; or according to the use requirement, soaking the H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber in NaOH solution, washing the H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber to be neutral by deionized water, and drying the H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber to be constant in weight to obtain Na-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber; the organic compound containing intramolecular acid anhydride group is maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride, and the catalyst is AlCl3-LiClO4Systems or FeCl3- LiClO4And (4) preparing the system.
  2. 2. The PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber material according to claim 1, wherein the raw material PP-ST-DVB fiber is grafted with ST-DVB in an amount of 250-400%, and the fiber is pretreated with absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone before use, washed with deionized water to be neutral and dried for later use.
  3. 3. The PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber has a carboxyl content of 7 to 10.0 mmol-g-1。
  4. 4. A process for the synthesis of a PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fibrous material according to claim 1, characterized by being carried out by; dissolving an organic compound containing intramolecular anhydride groups in a solvent dichloromethane or trichloromethane or dichloroethane or nitrobenzene, dispersing a catalyst in the solvent in an ultrasonic or stirring manner, adding pretreated PP-ST-DVB fibers into a reaction system, reacting at 5-40 ℃ under ultrasonic oscillation, taking out the fibers after the reaction is finished, and firstly using absolute ethyl alcohol or absolute ethyl alcoholLeaching the organic solvent in the fiber by using acetone, and then washing the fiber to be neutral by using deionized water; after acid soaking, washing the fiber to be neutral by deionized water, and drying the fiber to be constant weight to obtain H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber; or according to the use requirement, the H-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber is soaked in NaOH solution, washed to be neutral by deionized water and dried to be constant weight to obtain Na-type PP-ST-DVB-based cation exchange fiber; the organic compound containing intramolecular acid anhydride group is maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride, and the catalyst is AlCl3-LiClO4Systems or FeCl3-LiClO4And (4) preparing the system.
  5. 5. The method for synthesizing PP-ST-DVB based cation exchange fiber material according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the raw materials is PP-ST-DVB fiber, the organic compound containing intramolecular acid anhydride group, the catalyst and the solvent = 1:0.2-5:0.3-6: 10-150.
  6. 6. The method for synthesizing PP-ST-DVB based cation exchange fiber material according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the grafting amount of ST-DVB in the adopted raw material PP-ST-DVB fiber is 250% -400%, the fiber is not required to be pretreated by absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone before use, then is washed to be neutral by deionized water, and is dried for standby.
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