CN108184450A - Major diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system and method - Google Patents
Major diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108184450A CN108184450A CN201810225457.0A CN201810225457A CN108184450A CN 108184450 A CN108184450 A CN 108184450A CN 201810225457 A CN201810225457 A CN 201810225457A CN 108184450 A CN108184450 A CN 108184450A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
- A01F25/22—Ventilating arrangements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/14—Containers specially adapted for storing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/51—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for storing agricultural or horticultural products
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of major diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system and method, which includes ventilation shaft, gravity-flow ventilation power plant and force ventilation power plant；Wherein, ventilation shaft includes sequentially connected non-porous air duct, the first percent opening air duct and the second percent opening air duct, wherein non-porous air duct is used for the furred ceiling mounted on major diameter vertical silo, the wall surface in non-porous air duct is without trepanning；First percent opening air duct and the second percent opening air duct are used on the inner wall for being vertically mounted to major diameter vertical silo, and the surface in the first percent opening air duct and the second percent opening air duct is respectively provided with venthole.Utilize the aeration-cooling of the achievable major diameter vertical silo of the present invention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of granary ventilation, in particular to a large-diameter vertical silo ventilation cooling system and method.
Background
Generally, a warehouse for storing grains is called a granary, and the granary type common in China is a vertical silo, a shallow round silo, a house type silo and the like. In the process of storing grains in a cross-season manner, along with the rise of air temperature, the temperature of the inner wall of the granary and the temperature of grains can also gradually rise, and if the ventilation and cooling work of the granary is not done, the grains in the granary can be mildewed. According to the characteristics of different granary types, the traditional granary adopts various measures to realize ventilation and cooling of the granary, thereby achieving the purpose of safe storage.
For example, the vertical silo can use reinforcing steel bars and ventilation plates to form a vertical air duct, the vertical air duct is connected with the bottom annular air duct to form a ventilation loop, and natural wind from bottom to top can be formed in the vertical air duct under the action of hot pressing so as to take away residual heat on the silo wall and residual heat and residual humidity of grain piles in the silo. The utility model discloses a chinese patent application number is CN 201720455679.2's utility model discloses a ventilation system of vertical silo, this vertical silo top is equipped with ventilation hole and fan interface, vertical air pipe and a plurality of ventilation ground cage in the middle of inside being equipped with, a plurality of ventilation ground cage vertical evenly distributed are inboard at the bulkhead of vertical silo, middle vertical air pipe top is connected with the fan interface through the connecting pipe, be connected with the fan on the fan interface, all be equipped with the mesh of isostructure on middle vertical air pipe and the ventilation ground cage, the aperture of mesh is less than the grain diameter of grain in storage, this structure can oppose the interior grain heap of silo and realize ventilation cooling. The mesh provided on the vertical silo ventilation duct is actually a ventilation hole. Chinese patent application number is CN 201020652475.6's utility model discloses a special air pipe of grain depot, this air pipe include a plurality of ventilation pieces, and this ventilation piece is crooked cambered surface structure or the curved surface structure of buckling the equipartition has a plurality of ventilation holes on cambered surface or the curved surface, and this air pipe's one end and fan intercommunication, the other end are provided with the end cap. The ventilation pipeline can ensure that air uniformly enters the grain pile to realize temperature reduction. For another example, in the squat silo, the annular ventilation pipeline can be arranged in the grain pile, and the temperature rise speed of the temperature of the grain pile in the squat silo can be inhibited by controlling the ventilation time of the air channels with different height layers. In addition, measures such as strengthening the heat preservation of the bin wall, arranging mechanical ventilation of the ground cage and/or adopting a reflective coating can be adopted to ensure the safe storage of the grains.
The large-diameter vertical silo is a novel steel plate silo with a special structural size, the length-diameter ratio (the ratio of the height of a silo to the diameter) of the large-diameter vertical silo is large, and the long cylindrical geometric characteristics which are obviously different from the existing silo types such as a common steel plate vertical silo and a shallow round silo are formed. The large length-diameter ratio causes the problems that the air heat accumulation layer in the silo is thick, the thermal radius of heat transfer of the silo wall is large, the grain respiratory heat in the center part in the silo is difficult to discharge and the like. However, the existing various ventilation and cooling means are not designed with a specific purpose, and thus, the satisfactory effect cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention makes a brand-new design for the aeration cooling system of the large-diameter vertical silo, and adopts the ventilation pipelines with different opening rates, so that the aeration cooling effect of the large-diameter vertical silo is optimized. Based on the invention, the invention also provides an aeration cooling method of the large-diameter vertical silo, which can maintain the temperature of the grains in the silo within an ideal range.
On one hand, the invention provides a large-diameter vertical silo ventilation cooling system which comprises a ventilation pipeline, a natural ventilation power device and a mechanical ventilation power device; the ventilation pipeline comprises a non-porous air channel, a first opening ratio air channel and a second opening ratio air channel which are connected in sequence, wherein the non-porous air channel is used for being installed on a suspended ceiling of a large-diameter vertical silo, and the wall surface of the non-porous air channel is not provided with openings; the first opening rate air duct and the second opening rate air duct are both used for being vertically installed on the inner wall of the large-diameter vertical silo, vent holes are formed in the surfaces of the first opening rate air duct and the second opening rate air duct, the opening rates are respectively a first opening rate and a second opening rate, the first opening rate is 30-45%, and the second opening rate is 15-30%; the number of the ventilation pipelines is at least four, and the top ends of the ventilation pipelines are converged at the top of the large-diameter vertical silo; the top end of each ventilating duct is connected with the natural ventilation power device, and the bottom end of each ventilating duct is connected with the mechanical ventilation power device; the natural ventilation power device is arranged at the top of the large-diameter vertical silo and is used for naturally ventilating the ventilation pipeline and the large-diameter vertical silo; the mechanical ventilation power device is arranged at the bottom of the large-diameter vertical silo and used for conveying cold air to the ventilation pipeline.
According to the large-diameter vertical silo ventilation and cooling system, preferably, the natural ventilation power device comprises a rotational flow type roof natural ventilator and an air distribution box, the air distribution box is located below the rotational flow type roof natural ventilator, and the top end of each ventilation pipeline is connected with the rotational flow type roof natural ventilator through the air distribution box.
According to the large-diameter vertical silo ventilation cooling system, preferably, the mechanical ventilation power device comprises an air cooler and a centrifugal fan, the air cooler is connected with the centrifugal fan, and the bottom end of each ventilation pipeline is connected with the centrifugal fan.
According to the large-diameter vertical silo ventilation cooling system, preferably, the number of the ventilation pipelines is four, the number of the centrifugal fans is four, the number of the air coolers is four, the air outlet of a single air cooler is connected with the air inlet of a single centrifugal fan, and the air outlet of the single centrifugal fan is connected with the bottom end of the single ventilation pipeline; and the air inlets of the four air coolers are connected with the screen through hoses, and the screen is arranged at the grain outlet of the large-diameter vertical silo.
According to the large-diameter vertical silo ventilation cooling system, preferably, the number of the ventilation pipelines is four, the number of the centrifugal fans is four, the number of the air coolers is one, an air volume distributor is arranged at an air outlet of each air cooler, and four air inlets of the four centrifugal fans are connected with an air outlet of each air cooler through the air volume distributors; the air inlet of the air cooler is connected with the screen through a hose, and the screen is arranged at the grain outlet of the large-diameter vertical silo.
According to the large-diameter vertical silo ventilation and cooling system, preferably, the centrifugal fan is connected with the bottom end of the ventilation pipeline through the three-way valve, and one runner opening in the three-way valve is communicated with the environment outside the silo.
According to the aeration cooling system for the large-diameter vertical silo, the first opening rate is preferably 35-40%, and the second opening rate is preferably 20-25%.
According to the large-diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system, preferably, the vent holes are punched, the hole size is 5mm multiplied by 20mm, and the height of punched gaps is 0.5 mm.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a large-diameter vertical silo aeration cooling method, which is based on the large-diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system and comprises the following steps: during autumn and winter, the spiral-flow type roof natural ventilator is started, and the three-way valve is set to communicate the ventilating duct with the environment outside the bin; during the spring, closing the rotational flow type roof natural ventilator and closing the three-way valve; and during summer, closing the spiral-flow type roof natural ventilator, setting the three-way valve to communicate the ventilating duct with the centrifugal fan, and opening an air cooler connected with the centrifugal fan.
According to the method for ventilating and cooling the large-diameter vertical silo, the air cooler is preferably controlled during summer so that the grain temperature in the large-diameter vertical silo is maintained between 15 and 25 ℃.
According to the invention, the ventilation and cooling effects on the large-diameter vertical silo can be improved to the greatest extent by reasonably setting the first opening ratio and the second opening ratio of the ventilation pipeline. The invention can be switched between two ventilation modes of natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation, so that the control strategy can be correspondingly adjusted according to different seasons and environments, and the grain temperature is controlled at a proper temperature in a high-temperature season through a mechanical circulating cooling ventilation mode; the other time periods utilize natural ventilation, so that the respiratory heat in the grain pile can be well discharged, the condition of humidity rise caused by the temperature rise of the grain pile can be avoided, and the grain storage quality is maintained. For long-term use, the energy consumption of the storage period can be reduced, the service life of the equipment is prolonged, and energy-saving and green grain storage is realized. The material used in the invention is easy to obtain, the process is simple and convenient, the manufacture and the installation are convenient, and the invention has good application and popularization values.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an installation state of a large-diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first open-porosity air channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second open-porosity air channel according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 2.
Figure 5 is a schematic view of the airflow pattern of the large diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system of one embodiment of the present invention during cold seasons.
Figure 6 is a schematic view of the airflow pattern of a large diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system of one embodiment of the present invention during hot seasons.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The invention provides a targeted measure aiming at the easily-heating point and the heating time in the large-diameter vertical silo in consideration of the actual heating condition of the grain pile in the large-diameter vertical silo. The large-diameter vertical silo ventilation cooling system comprises a ventilation pipeline, a natural ventilation power device and a mechanical ventilation power device. The invention can reduce the temperature of the granary in low-temperature seasons, and cool the outer grain pile in high-temperature seasons, thereby preventing the outer grain pile from heating and transferring heat to the interior of the grain pile. The present invention is described in detail below.
< ventilating duct >
The ventilating duct is arranged in the large-diameter vertical silo, and the ventilating duct is required to be arranged on both the ceiling and the vertical barrel of the silo body. The ventilating duct arranged on the suspended ceiling is a hole-free duct, the ventilating duct arranged on the cylinder is a hole-containing duct, and the hole-containing duct comprises two ducts which are respectively a first opening ratio duct and a second opening ratio duct. The non-porous air duct means that no air vent is arranged on the surface of the ventilating duct, and the ventilating duct is only provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are positioned at two ends of the duct after being installed. The air duct with holes is characterized in that vent holes are formed in the surface of the ventilation duct, and the ventilation duct is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are positioned at two ends of the duct and also provided with vent holes positioned on the wall surface of the duct after being installed.
In one embodiment of the invention, the vent hole is a punched hole protruding upwards relative to the surface of the pipeline, and at least one side surface of the punched hole is fractured from the wall surface through punching to form a gap with the surface of the pipeline. The height of the gap is not suitable to be too small and not too large, because if the height of the gap is too small, the effect of ventilation and cooling is difficult to play, and if the height of the gap is too large, dust and foreign matters are easy to enter the granary through the vent holes, so that the problem of pollution is brought to grains. In the invention, the hole shape of the punched hole is rectangular, two long sides of the punched hole are broken from the wall surface, a formed gap is used as an air passage, and the hole shape size of the punched hole is as follows: the long edge is 16-32 mm, the wide edge is 4-8 mm, and the height of the punched gap is 0.2-1.0 mm. Preferably, the hole pattern size is 5 × 20mm, and the height of the punching gap is 0.5 mm. In other embodiments, the vent hole may also be a hollow hole (i.e., an opening) with a suitable size, and the shape of the opening may be the same as the hole shape of the punched hole, or may be any other shape, so as to perform the function of ventilation and cooling. The vent holes of the present invention can be obtained by known stamping, forging, casting, etc., and the detailed processing method is not described herein.
The open area ratio refers to the ratio of the total area of the open holes to the area of the open hole region. In the present invention, the opening ratio of the ventilation duct refers to the ratio of the total area of the ventilation holes on the duct surface to the total area of the duct surface. In the case where the size of a single vent hole is constant, the larger the opening ratio, the larger the number of openings.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first open-pore air duct disposed on the cylindrical body has an open-pore ratio (first open-pore ratio) of 30 to 45%, and the second open-pore air duct disposed on the cylindrical body has an open-pore ratio (second open-pore ratio) of 15 to 30%. In a preferred embodiment, the first open-cell content is 35 to 40% and the second open-cell content is 20 to 25%. More preferably, the first open porosity is 35% and the second open porosity is 20%. The reasonable setting of the first aperture ratio and the second aperture ratio is beneficial to improving the aeration cooling effect of the aeration cooling system of the large-diameter vertical silo to the maximum extent.
The non-porous air duct, the first opening ratio air duct and the second opening ratio air duct are connected in sequence to form the ventilating duct. The overlapped part can be arranged at the joint, the air duct is tightly pressed and installed, and the air duct is fixed on the suspended ceiling of the large-diameter vertical silo and the silo wall of the barrel body by bolts. The ventilating duct is installed in a large-diameter vertical silo, the non-porous air duct is positioned above the ventilating duct, the first opening-ratio air duct is positioned in the middle of the ventilating duct, and the second opening-ratio air duct is positioned below the ventilating duct. The ventilation pipeline can be made of steel plates with nominal thickness of 2.0 mm, reinforcing ribs are arranged in the ventilation pipeline, and hot galvanizing corrosion prevention treatment can be performed.
In order to achieve the purpose of optimizing the aeration and cooling of the granary, the aeration and cooling system of the large-diameter vertical silo comprises at least four ventilation pipelines, such as four, five, six or more ventilation pipelines. All the ventilation pipelines are uniformly arranged in the large-diameter vertical silo, for example, four ventilation pipelines are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the silo wall, every two ventilation pipelines are spaced by pi/2 radian, the top ends of the four ventilation pipelines are converged at the top of the large-diameter vertical silo, and a hot air convergence part is formed at the top.
< Natural draft Power plant >
The natural ventilation power device is arranged at the top of the large-diameter vertical silo and is used for naturally ventilating the ventilation pipeline and the large-diameter vertical silo. In an embodiment of the present invention, the natural ventilation power device may include a spiral-flow type roof natural ventilator and an air distribution box, the air distribution box is located below the spiral-flow type roof natural ventilator, and a top end of each ventilation duct (i.e., a top end of the imperforate air duct) is connected to the spiral-flow type roof natural ventilator through the air distribution box so as to be connected to the outside for exhausting air. When the cyclone roof natural ventilator works, negative pressure is formed inside the cyclone roof natural ventilator under the action of wind power, and air in the large-diameter vertical silo is driven to form flowing wind through the direction of the ventilating pipeline to form natural convection. Therefore, the outside low-temperature air can be utilized to cool the grain pile in the large-diameter vertical silo.
In the present invention, the spiral-flow type roof natural ventilator and the air distribution box may be those known in the art, for example, the spiral-flow type roof natural ventilator is of a type QM-500, and the air distribution box is of an above-ground ventilation cage air distribution box structure, and can collect hot air from each ventilation duct. The component structures, the connection modes and the working principles of the components are not described in detail herein.
< mechanical ventilation power device >
The mechanical ventilation power device is arranged at the bottom of the large-diameter vertical silo and connected with the bottom end of the ventilation pipeline (namely the bottom end of the second opening-rate air channel), and the mechanical ventilation power device is used for conveying cold air to the ventilation pipeline. In an embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical ventilation power device includes an air cooler and a centrifugal fan, the air cooler is connected to the centrifugal fan, and an air outlet of the centrifugal fan is connected to the second aperture ratio air duct. When the vertical silo works, the air cooler can be started to convey cold air to the ventilating duct through the centrifugal fan, and the cold air enters the large-diameter vertical silo through the second opening-rate air duct and the vent holes in the first opening-rate air duct, so that the temperature of grain bulk can be reduced. The different heights of the grain piles in the large-diameter vertical silo can cause different actual heating conditions of the grain piles, and the ventilation pipeline has different opening rates, so that the ventilation and/or cooling effects of the grain silo can be improved to the maximum extent.
The air cooler and the centrifugal fan of the present invention may take various configurations, two specific configurations are described below.
The first setting mode, the quantity of air pipe, centrifugal fan and air-cooler are four, and the air outlet of single air-cooler and the air intake connection of single centrifugal fan, the air outlet of single centrifugal fan and single second percent of opening wind channel are connected to the air intake of four air-coolers all is connected through hose and the screen cloth that sets up in the grain outlet department of major diameter silo, forms circulation route. The hose is irregular in shape, the upper portion of the hose is funnel-shaped and used for being connected with a screen, and the lower portion of the hose is provided with four mutually communicated holes used for being connected with an air cooler respectively.
The second setting mode, air pipe and centrifugal fan's quantity are four, and the quantity of air-cooler is 1, is provided with amount of wind distributor in the air outlet department of air-cooler, and four air intakes of four centrifugal fan all are connected with the air outlet of air-cooler through amount of wind distributor, and the air intake of air-cooler passes through the hose to be connected with the screen cloth that sets up in the grain mouth department of major diameter vertical silo, forms circulation path. The hose is funnel-shaped, a large opening of the funnel is connected with the screen, and a small opening of the funnel is connected with the air cooler.
For the first setting mode, each air duct is connected with one set of air cooler and centrifugal fan, and the air coolers and the centrifugal fans are symmetrically arranged along the circumference of the bin wall (four sets in total) and respectively send cold air to the four air ducts. For the second setting mode, one large-capacity air cooler is selected, the bottom of the granary is connected with four centrifugal fans through an air volume distributor, and cold air is uniformly delivered to four air channels through the centrifugal fans.
In the two setting modes, a high-pressure centrifugal fan (such as Y280S-6) and an industrial quick-freezing air cooler can be selected, and the quick-freezing air cooler is connected with the high-pressure centrifugal fan through a flange plate. The two setting modes can be selected according to actual conditions and requirements.
Furthermore, the mechanical ventilation power device may further include a three-way valve (also referred to as a three-way valve) for connecting the centrifugal fan and the second aperture ratio air duct through the three-way valve and communicating one of the flow passages of the three-way valve with the environment outside the cabin. That is to say, the first flow opening of the three-way valve is connected with the centrifugal fan, the second flow opening of the three-way valve is connected with the second aperture ratio air duct, and the third flow opening of the three-way valve is communicated with the environment outside the bin. When the three-way valve is set to communicate the ventilating duct and the atmosphere outside the silo, the outside low-temperature air can be used for cooling the grain pile in the large-diameter vertical silo under the action of the wind pressure of the outside natural wind.
< method for ventilating and cooling large-diameter vertical silo >
Based on the large-diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system, the following method is adopted to control the temperature of grains in the large-diameter vertical silo.
① in low temperature season (such as autumn and/or winter), the spiral-flow type roof natural ventilator is started, the three-way valve is set to communicate the ventilation pipeline with the atmosphere environment, and the outside low temperature air is used to cool the grain pile in the warehouse under the action of the wind pressure of the outside natural wind.
② in high temperature season (such as summer), closing the spiral-flow roof natural ventilator, setting the three-way valve to connect the ventilation pipeline and the centrifugal fan, opening the air cooler connected with the centrifugal fan, and introducing cold air into the storehouse to reduce the temperature of the grain bulk, furthermore, controlling and adjusting the outlet air temperature and the air speed of the air cooler according to the outside air temperature and the grain temperature in the storehouse, so as to ensure uniform cooling, avoid dewing, maintain the grain temperature at 15-25 ℃ (such as about 20 ℃), and realize low temperature/quasi-low temperature grain storage.
③ in season (such as spring), the cyclone roof ventilator is closed, the three-way valve is closed, and the heat insulation property of the large-diameter vertical silo wall is used to prevent heat from transferring into the grain bulk to maintain the temperature of the grain bulk.
According to the arrangement of the invention, compared with the vertical-annular air duct of the common steel plate bin, the scheme of the invention has simple design and no over-high requirement on the structural design of the granary; the auxiliary cooling fan and the circulating fan can increase the ventilation efficiency when the external natural driving force (wind pressure and heat pressure difference) is insufficient on the one hand, and on the other hand, the central breathing heat of the grain pile can be discharged in high-temperature seasons. Compared with the design of the annular ventilation channel in the squat silo, the invention has simple scheme form, is convenient to install, and can flexibly and reasonably control the local temperature rise.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing an installation state of the large-diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system of the invention, and fig. 1 is a side view. The large-diameter vertical silo is any known large-diameter vertical silo. The large-diameter vertical silo shown in fig. 1 comprises a suspended ceiling 10 and a vertical barrel 20, wherein a grain outlet 30 is positioned at the bottom of the silo, a screen 40 is arranged on the grain outlet 30, and a grain pile 50 is stored in the silo. The large-diameter vertical silo ventilation cooling system comprises four ventilation pipelines which are arranged on a suspended ceiling 10 and a barrel body 20, are separated by pi/2 radians in pairs and are converged at the top of a silo. Since fig. 1 is a side view, only two ventilation ducts are shown in the drawing, and the structure and arrangement of the remaining two ventilation ducts are identical to those in the drawing.
As shown in fig. 1, the single ventilation duct includes: the non-porous air duct 110, the first open-area-ratio air duct 120, and the second open-area-ratio air duct 130 are connected in sequence. The imperforate air duct 110 is installed on the ceiling 10, and the first open-area air duct 120 and the second open-area air duct 130 are installed on the drum 20. When the air duct is installed, the overlapping parts are arranged between the air duct 110 without holes and the first opening ratio air duct 120 and between the first opening ratio air duct 120 and the second opening ratio air duct 130, the air duct is installed in a pressing mode, and the air duct is fixed to the wall of the large-diameter vertical silo through bolts with the specification of M10 multiplied by 30. In the aspect of material selection, each air channel of the ventilation pipeline is made of a steel plate with the nominal thickness of 2.0 mm, is internally provided with a reinforcing rib and is subjected to hot galvanizing corrosion prevention treatment.
Referring to FIG. 2, the maximum width D1 of the inlet (or outlet) of the first open-fraction air chute 120 is about 1000mm, the length D2 is about 1500mm, and the thickness D3 is about 2 mm. The first open-porosity wind tunnel 120 has an open porosity of 35%.
Referring to fig. 3, the second open-ratio air duct 130 has the same size as the first open-ratio air duct 120, except that the second open-ratio air duct 130 has an open ratio of 20% less than the open ratio of the first open-ratio air duct 120. As can be seen by comparison, the number of vent holes in the first aperture ratio air chute 120 is greater than the number of vent holes in the second aperture ratio air chute 130.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 2, which is a schematic view of a vent hole on the surface of the air duct. The vent hole is a punched hole formed by punching, the hole shape is rectangular, two long sides are broken from the wall surface, the height H3 of the punched gap is about 0.5mm, and the hole shape size (H1 multiplied by H2) is about 5 multiplied by 20 mm.
Referring to fig. 1, a rotational flow type roof natural ventilator 211 is installed at the top of the large-diameter vertical silo, an air distribution box 212 is installed below the large-diameter vertical silo, the upper ends of four ventilation ducts (only two ventilation ducts are shown in fig. 1) are connected with the rotational flow type roof natural ventilator 211 through the air distribution box 212, when the rotational flow type roof natural ventilator 211 is opened, negative pressure is formed inside the rotational flow type roof natural ventilator under the action of wind power, and air in the large-diameter vertical silo is driven to form flowing wind through the direction of the ventilation ducts, so that natural convection is formed.
Four sets of quick-freezing air coolers 223 and high-pressure centrifuges 222 (which are connected through flange plates) are arranged at the bottom of the large-diameter vertical silo, and each high-pressure centrifuge 222 is connected with the lower end of one ventilation pipeline (namely the lower end of the second aperture ratio air duct 130). The four quick-freezing cold air blowers are also connected together through a hose 224, the hose 224 is also connected with a screen 40 arranged at the grain outlet 30, and the hose 224 is arranged to form a circulation path in the bin. The hose 224 is irregular in shape, and has a funnel-shaped upper portion for connecting with the screen 40 and four mutually communicating holes at a lower portion for connecting with the quick-freezing air cooler respectively.
In addition, two flow passages of the three-way valve 221 are respectively connected with the air outlet of the high-pressure centrifuge 222 and the lower end opening of the second aperture ratio air duct 130, and the remaining one flow passage of the three-way valve 221 is communicated with the outdoor atmosphere. The vent line may be placed in communication with the high pressure centrifuge 222 or in communication with the outdoor atmosphere using the three-way valve 221.
Example 2
Fig. 5 shows the airflow pattern of the large-diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system of the present invention in cold seasons, and the direction indicated by the arrows in the drawing represents the flow direction of the airflow. In cold seasons such as autumn and winter, the high-pressure centrifugal fan and the quick-freezing air cooler are closed, the three-way valve is connected to the outside, and the outside low-temperature air is utilized to cool the grain pile in the bin under the action of the wind pressure of the outside natural wind.
Example 3
Figure 6 shows the airflow pattern of the large diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system of the present invention during the hot season, with the direction of the arrows representing the direction of airflow. In hot seasons such as summer, the high-pressure centrifugal fan and the quick-freezing air cooler are started, the three-way valve is connected to the air outlet of the high-pressure centrifugal fan, the air cooler connected with the centrifugal fan is started, and cold air is introduced into the bin to reduce the temperature of the grain bulk.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any variations, modifications, and substitutions which may occur to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A large-diameter vertical silo ventilation cooling system is characterized by comprising a ventilation pipeline, a natural ventilation power device and a mechanical ventilation power device; wherein,
the ventilation pipeline comprises a non-porous air channel, a first opening ratio air channel and a second opening ratio air channel which are connected in sequence, wherein the non-porous air channel is used for being installed on a suspended ceiling of the large-diameter vertical silo, and the wall surface of the non-porous air channel is not provided with openings; the first opening rate air duct and the second opening rate air duct are both used for being vertically installed on the inner wall of the large-diameter vertical silo, vent holes are formed in the surfaces of the first opening rate air duct and the second opening rate air duct, the opening rates are respectively a first opening rate and a second opening rate, the first opening rate is 30-45%, and the second opening rate is 15-30%;
the number of the ventilation pipelines is at least four, and the top ends of the ventilation pipelines are converged at the top of the large-diameter vertical silo; the top end of each ventilating duct is connected with the natural ventilation power device, and the bottom end of each ventilating duct is connected with the mechanical ventilation power device;
the natural ventilation power device is arranged at the top of the large-diameter vertical silo and is used for naturally ventilating the ventilation pipeline and the large-diameter vertical silo; the mechanical ventilation power device is arranged at the bottom of the large-diameter vertical silo and used for conveying cold air to the ventilation pipeline.
2. The large-diameter vertical silo ventilation and cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural ventilation power device comprises a rotational flow type roof natural ventilator and an air distribution box, the air distribution box is located below the rotational flow type roof natural ventilator, and the top end of each ventilation pipeline is connected with the rotational flow type roof natural ventilator through the air distribution box.
3. The large-diameter vertical silo aeration cooling system of claim 1, wherein the mechanical aeration power device comprises an air cooler and a centrifugal fan, the air cooler is connected with the centrifugal fan, and the bottom end of each ventilation pipeline is connected with the centrifugal fan.
4. The large-diameter vertical silo ventilation cooling system of claim 3, wherein the number of the ventilation ducts is four, the number of the centrifugal fans is four, the number of the air coolers is four, the air outlet of a single air cooler is connected with the air inlet of a single centrifugal fan, and the air outlet of a single centrifugal fan is connected with the bottom end of a single ventilation duct; and the air inlets of the four air coolers are connected with the screen through hoses, and the screen is arranged at the grain outlet of the large-diameter vertical silo.
5. The large-diameter vertical silo ventilation cooling system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of the ventilation ducts is four, the number of the centrifugal fans is four, the number of the air coolers is one, an air volume distributor is arranged at an air outlet of the air cooler, and four air inlets of the four centrifugal fans are connected with an air outlet of the air cooler through the air volume distributor; the air inlet of the air cooler is connected with the screen through a hose, and the screen is arranged at the grain outlet of the large-diameter vertical silo.
6. The aeration cooling system of claim 3, wherein the centrifugal fan is connected to the bottom end of the ventilation duct through a three-way valve, and one of the three-way valves has a flow channel opening communicating with the environment outside the silo.
7. An aeration cooling system for a large diameter vertical silo according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first aperture ratio is 35 to 40% and the second aperture ratio is 20 to 25%.
8. A large-diameter vertical silo aeration-cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the vent holes are punched, the hole size is 5 x 20mm, and the height of the punched gap is 0.5 mm.
9. An aeration cooling method for a large-diameter vertical silo, which is based on the aeration cooling system for the large-diameter vertical silo as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps: during autumn and winter, the spiral-flow type roof natural ventilator is started, and the three-way valve is set to communicate the ventilating duct with the environment outside the bin; during the spring, closing the rotational flow type roof natural ventilator and closing the three-way valve; and during summer, closing the spiral-flow type roof natural ventilator, setting the three-way valve to communicate the ventilating duct with the centrifugal fan, and opening an air cooler connected with the centrifugal fan.
10. The method for ventilating and cooling a large-diameter vertical silo according to claim 9, wherein the air cooler is controlled to maintain the grain temperature in the large-diameter vertical silo at 15-25 ℃ during summer.
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| CN109168664A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽弘恩智能科技有限公司 | A kind of steel silo inner wall anti-condensation device |
| CN114637348A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-17 | 广西盛世粮机械有限公司 | Industrial centralized refrigeration type low-temperature granary temperature control system |
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