CN108183726B - Multi-antenna communication system synchronous detection method based on spatial filtering - Google Patents

Multi-antenna communication system synchronous detection method based on spatial filtering Download PDF

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CN108183726B
CN108183726B CN201711374990.5A CN201711374990A CN108183726B CN 108183726 B CN108183726 B CN 108183726B CN 201711374990 A CN201711374990 A CN 201711374990A CN 108183726 B CN108183726 B CN 108183726B
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synchronous signal
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CN108183726A (en
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叶惺
夏子贤
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Nanjing Kolson Information Technology Co.,Ltd.
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0817Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with multiple receivers and antenna path selection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H04B1/708Parallel implementation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0891Space-time diversity
    • H04B7/0897Space-time diversity using beamforming per multi-path, e.g. to cope with different directions of arrival [DOA] at different multi-paths

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Abstract

The invention discloses a synchronous detection method of a multi-antenna communication system based on spatial filtering. The invention aims at the problem that the receiver detects the synchronous signal of the target cell base station easily to be interfered by the cell base stations in other directions under the condition that the base stations are densely distributed in the mobile communication system environment. The implementation method of the invention comprises the following steps: receiving signals in different wave beam directions by adopting parallel multi-channel mutually independent spatial filters, and then performing correlation with a local synchronization sequence by using a correlator to detect a synchronization signal; the synchronous detection judging unit obtains a synchronous signal detection result according to the output of the parallel multi-path correlator and determines whether to adjust the spatial filtering direction; if the synchronous signal is not detected in a period of time, the receiving beam direction of each spatial filtering unit is adjusted, and then the synchronous signal detection process of the parallel multi-path spatial filtering is repeated. The invention can effectively improve the synchronous signal detection capability of the target direction base station.

Description

Multi-antenna communication system synchronous detection method based on spatial filtering
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mobile communication, in particular to a synchronous detection method of a multi-antenna communication system.
Background
The synchronization process is an indispensable part of all digital communication systems, and the synchronization signal plays a crucial role in the normal operation of the mobile communication system. In the process of accessing the cellular network, the mobile communication system firstly needs to detect the downlink synchronization signal sent by the base station of the cellular cell, so as to obtain the synchronization with the corresponding base station, and further realize the follow-up work of cell search and the like.
With the increasing demand of users for the capacity of mobile communication systems, in order to increase the bandwidth, the carrier frequency of wireless signals used by the mobile communication systems is increasing, the wavelength of corresponding electromagnetic waves is decreasing, and the size of antennas can be decreased. The multi-antenna technology is widely applied and important in present and future mobile communication systems, including user terminals and relay systems. Especially for the relay system, the limitation of the size of the user terminal does not exist, and the multi-antenna technology is easier to realize. At the same time, we have noticed that the demand for higher frequency radio carriers and larger communication capacity makes mobile cells smaller and smaller, and the corresponding base stations are also denser and denser.
Before a user terminal or a relay system accesses a cell, i.e. before synchronization with a target base station is obtained, a synchronization signal in a downlink direction needs to be detected. Because prior information of a cell base station is not available before the synchronization signal is detected, the signal is received in an omnidirectional receiving mode, and the synchronization signal is detected in a digital baseband by using a cross-correlation algorithm after operations such as analog-to-digital conversion, low-pass filtering, down-sampling and the like. Under the cell environment with increasingly dense surrounding base stations, the receiver detects the synchronization signal of the target cell base station easily by the interference of the surrounding cell base stations in other directions.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a synchronous detection method of a multi-antenna communication system, aiming at the technical problem that the synchronous signal detection is easily interfered by surrounding cells in the dense cell environment in the prior art. The synchronous detection method of the multi-antenna communication system utilizes the receiving antenna array, reduces the signal interference of surrounding cell areas by combining the multi-path parallel spatial filtering and the synchronous signal detection, enhances the synchronous signal detection capability of a target base station and is easy to realize in actual engineering.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a synchronous detection method of a multi-antenna communication system based on spatial filtering comprises the following steps:
s1, the multi-antenna array of the receiver simultaneously receives M paths of signals as data to be processed;
s2, dividing the multi-antenna received signal into parallel N paths, and respectively performing spatial filtering processing in different beam directions to obtain spatial filtering unit output;
s3, cross-correlating each path of the spatial-domain filtered received signal with a local synchronous sequence by a cross-correlation algorithm, detecting a synchronous signal and obtaining the output of a correlator;
s4, according to the output of the cross correlation operation, judging the detection result of the synchronous signal and judging whether the filtering direction of the airspace needs to be adjusted;
and S5, if the step S4 judges that the synchronous signal detection is successful, the spatial filtering direction is not required to be adjusted, otherwise, the beam direction of the parallel N paths of spatial filtering is adjusted and the step S2 is returned.
Specifically, the step S1 includes the steps of:
s1-1, a multi-antenna array of the receiver receives M paths of wireless signals simultaneously;
and S1-2, performing analog-to-digital conversion, low-pass filtering and down-sampling on the wireless signal, and taking the obtained digital baseband signal as data to be processed.
Specifically, the step S2 includes the steps of:
s2-1, according to the target beam direction thetaiAnd calculating to obtain a spatial filtering vector w by combining the shape characteristics of the antennai,wiThe number of the spatial filtering vectors of the ith spatial filtering unit is 1,2, N, and N is the number of parallel spatial filtering units;
s2-2, calculating the ith spatial filtering unit output x at n timei(n) is:
Figure BDA0001514468540000021
wherein r isi(n) a received signal vector with the length of M before the ith spatial filtering at the time n; and S2-3, defining a synchronous signal detection counter CNT, counting from the time of the spatial filtering vector calculation, and measuring the synchronous signal detection time for each target receiving beam direction.
Specifically, the step S3 includes cross-correlating the received signal with a locally stored synchronization sequence by using a cross-correlation algorithm, and the input signal of the i-th correlator at the time n is known to be x according to the step S2-2i(n), the output of the ith correlator with the time index d is Pi(d):
Figure BDA0001514468540000031
Wherein,s (n) represents a local sync sequence of length L, s x (n) is a sequence calculated by taking the conjugate of s (n); x is the number ofiAnd (d + n) represents the i-th correlator input signal at time d + n.
Specifically, the step S4 includes the steps of:
s4-1, setting the correlation peak detection threshold of the ith path of synchronous signal as THRiThe detection duration of the synchronous signal in each beam direction is defined as MaxCNT; when the value CNT of the counter does not exceed the limit duration MaxCNT at step S2, and the correlator output exceeds the threshold THR at step S3iIf the correlation peak is detected, the synchronous signal is detected in the current beam direction;
s4-2, if the counter CNT reaches the limit duration MaxCNT in step S2 and none of the M correlator outputs exceeds the respective correlation detection threshold THRiThen it is determined that the detection of the synchronization signal fails and the adjustment of the previous spatial filtering direction is required.
Specifically, the step S5 includes the steps of:
s5-1, if step S4 judges that the synchronous signal detection fails and requires to adjust the spatial filtering direction, the spatial filtering direction adjusting unit simultaneously adjusts each spatial filtering unit in step S2 and modifies the corresponding receiving beam direction;
and S5-2, returning to the step S2, clearing the counter CNT in the step S2, and repeating the steps for detecting the synchronous signal.
Specifically, the high step angle Δ θ is preset during adjustment1And a low value step angle delta theta2(ii) a When the correlator output is less than k% of the correlation peak threshold THR, a high value stepping angle delta theta is adopted1(ii) a When the correlator output is greater than k% of the correlation peak threshold THR, a low step angle delta theta is adopted1And the percentage k% is an empirical value and is adjusted according to the false alarm probability requirement of the system corresponding to the synchronous signal detection.
Specifically, in step S2-1, the antenna arrays are arranged in an equidistant linear arrangement, and the calculation formula of the spatial filtering vector w (θ) is:
Figure BDA0001514468540000041
wherein, theta is the incident direction angle of the wireless signal of the standard base station to the receiving antenna array, lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the wireless signal carrier frequency,
Figure BDA0001514468540000042
the phase difference of the signals received by the adjacent antennas in the antenna array.
Specifically, the phase difference of the signals received by adjacent antennas in the antenna array
Figure BDA0001514468540000043
The following equation is used to obtain:
Figure BDA0001514468540000044
wherein d is the adjacent antenna spacing.
Has the advantages that: the invention is applied to the synchronous signal detection of a multi-antenna mobile communication system, utilizes the receiving antenna array, adopts a method of combining the parallel multi-channel spatial filtering and the synchronous signal detection, can effectively resist the interference signal of the surrounding cells in the environment of the dense cells, and quickly and effectively realizes the detection of the synchronous signal of the target cell.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between a received signal and a direction angle of an equidistant linear antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a spatial filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, the multi-antenna array of the receiver simultaneously receives M paths of signals as data to be processed, which specifically includes the steps of:
s1-1, a multi-antenna array of the receiver receives M paths of wireless signals simultaneously;
and S1-2, performing analog-to-digital conversion, low-pass filtering and down-sampling on the wireless signal, and taking the obtained digital baseband signal as data to be processed.
S2, dividing the multi-antenna received signal into N parallel paths, and performing spatial filtering processing in different beam directions to obtain spatial filtering unit outputs, specifically including the steps of:
s2-1, definition of wiIs the spatial filtering vector of the ith spatial filtering unit, and the target beam direction is thetaiSpace domain filter vector wiAccording to the target beam direction thetaiAnd calculated in conjunction with the antenna shape characteristics.
As shown in fig. 2, the antenna arrays in the embodiment of the present invention are arranged in an equally spaced line, and assuming that the antenna spacing is d, the incident direction angle of the wireless signal of the target base station with respect to the receiving antenna array is θ, the transmission distance difference of the wireless signal between adjacent antennas is dsin θ, and the phase difference of the receiving signal of the adjacent antenna in the antenna array is dsin θ
Figure BDA0001514468540000051
Namely:
Figure BDA0001514468540000052
wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to the carrier frequency of the wireless signal. The calculation formula of the spatial filtering vector w (theta) corresponding to the theta beam direction in the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
Figure BDA0001514468540000053
s2-2, definition of ri(n) is a received signal vector with the length of M before the ith spatial filtering at the n time, and the output of the corresponding ith spatial filtering unit at the n time is as follows:
Figure BDA0001514468540000054
wherein, i is 1, 2.
As shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the parallel N spatial filters are independent from each other, and each corresponds to a beam receiving direction. And (4) realizing the algorithm in the step (S2-2) in each spatial filtering unit, strengthening the received signals of the corresponding direction angle and inhibiting other direction signals, thereby obtaining the maximum received signal-to-noise ratio.
And S2-3, defining a synchronous signal detection counter CNT, counting from the time of the spatial filtering vector calculation, and measuring the synchronous signal detection time for each target receiving beam direction.
And S3, performing cross correlation on each spatial-domain filtered received signal and the local synchronous sequence by adopting a cross correlation algorithm, and detecting the synchronous signal to obtain the output of a correlator. From the step S2-2, it can be seen that the i-th path has a correlator input signal x at time ni(n) the local synchronization sequence with length L is defined as s (n), s (n) represents the sequence obtained by taking conjugate calculation to s (n), and the correlator with the ith time index d outputs Pi(d):
Figure BDA0001514468540000055
S4, according to the output of the cross correlation operation, judging the detection result of the synchronous signal, and judging whether the spatial filtering direction needs to be adjusted, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s4-1, defining the ith path synchronous signal correlation peak detection threshold as THRiA sync signal detection duration in each beam direction is defined as MaxCNT, when the value CNT of the counter does not exceed the defined duration MaxCNT at step S2, and the correlator outputs P at step S3i(d) If the threshold is exceeded, namely a correlation peak is detected, the synchronous signal is considered to be detected in the current beam direction;
s4-2, if the counter CNT reaches or exceeds the defined duration MaxCNT at step S2, and none of the M-way correlator outputs exceeds the respective correlation detection threshold THRiThen it is determined that the detection of the synchronization signal fails and needs to be performedThe previous spatial filtering direction is adjusted.
S5, if the step S4 judges that the synchronous signal detection is successful, the spatial filtering direction is not needed to be adjusted, otherwise, the beam direction of the parallel N paths of spatial filtering is adjusted and the step S2 is returned to:
s5-1, if step S4 judges that the synchronous signal detection fails and requires to adjust the spatial filtering direction, the spatial filtering direction adjusting unit adjusts each spatial filtering unit in step S2 at the same time, modifies the corresponding receiving beam direction, and adjusts the angle of each path of beam direction to delta theta;
here, the adjustment may be performed by using different adjustment angles according to a plurality of preset adjustment angles and according to a magnitude relationship between the output of the correlator and the correlation peak detection threshold THR.
For example, two kinds of step angles Δ θ may be set in advance1And delta theta2Where Δ θ1Greater, Δ θ2Is smaller. When the correlator output is less than k% of the correlation peak threshold THR, a larger step angle delta theta is adopted1(ii) a When the correlator output is greater than k% of the correlation peak threshold THR, a smaller step angle Delta theta is adopted2And the percentage k% is an empirical value and can be adjusted according to the false alarm probability requirement of the system corresponding to the synchronous signal detection.
Through different adjustment angles, faster synchronous detection can be realized.
And S5-2, recalculating the spatial filtering vector according to the modified beam direction, clearing the counter CNT in the step S2, and repeating the steps to detect the synchronous signal.
Synchronous signal correlation peak detection threshold THR in the inventioniThe detection limit time MaxCNT of the synchronization signal in each beam direction and the adjustment size Δ θ of the beam direction angle of the spatial filter are empirical values and can be appropriately adjusted.
The synchronous detection method of the multi-antenna communication system can be used in a relay system or a user terminal of a mobile cellular cell, adopts parallel multi-path spatial filtering processing on multi-antenna signals received by an antenna array, can counteract surrounding interference in the dense environment of a cell base station, and improves the synchronous signal detection capability of a target cell base station.
The above description is further intended to illustrate the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A synchronous detection method of a multi-antenna communication system based on spatial filtering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, the multi-antenna array of the receiver simultaneously receives M paths of signals as data to be processed;
s2, dividing the multi-antenna received signal into parallel N paths, and respectively performing spatial filtering processing in different beam directions to obtain spatial filtering unit output;
s3, cross-correlating each path of the spatial-domain filtered received signal with a local synchronous sequence by a cross-correlation algorithm, detecting a synchronous signal and obtaining the output of a correlator;
s4, according to the output of the cross correlation operation, judging the detection result of the synchronous signal and judging whether the filtering direction of the airspace needs to be adjusted;
and S5, if the step S4 judges that the synchronous signal detection is successful, the spatial filtering direction is not required to be adjusted, otherwise, the beam direction of the parallel N paths of spatial filtering is adjusted and the step S2 is returned.
2. The method for detecting synchronization of a multi-antenna communication system based on spatial filtering as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S1 includes the steps of:
s1-1, a multi-antenna array of the receiver receives M paths of wireless signals simultaneously;
and S1-2, performing analog-to-digital conversion, low-pass filtering and down-sampling on the wireless signal, and taking the obtained digital baseband signal as data to be processed.
3. The method for detecting synchronization of a multi-antenna communication system based on spatial filtering as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S2 includes the steps of:
s2-1, according to the target beam direction thetaiAnd calculating to obtain a spatial filtering vector w by combining the shape characteristics of the antennai,wiThe number of the spatial filtering vectors of the ith spatial filtering unit is 1,2, N, and N is the number of parallel spatial filtering units;
s2-2, calculating the ith spatial filtering unit output x at n timei(n) is:
Figure FDA0002391310940000011
wherein r isi(n) a received signal vector with the length of M before the ith spatial filtering at the time n;
and S2-3, defining a synchronous signal detection counter CNT, counting from the time of the spatial filtering vector calculation, and measuring the synchronous signal detection time for each target receiving beam direction.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S3 comprises cross-correlating the received signal with a locally stored synchronization sequence by using a cross-correlation algorithm, and the input signal of the i-th correlator at n-th time is x according to the step S2-2i(n), the output of the ith correlator with the time index d is Pi(r):
Figure FDA0002391310940000021
Wherein, s (n) represents a local synchronization sequence with the length of L, and s (n) is a sequence obtained by taking conjugate calculation for s (n); x is the number ofiAnd (r + n) represents the i-th correlator input signal at time r + n.
5. The method for detecting synchronization of a multi-antenna communication system based on spatial filtering as claimed in claim 3, wherein said step S4 comprises the steps of:
s4-1, setting the correlation peak detection threshold of the ith path of synchronous signal as THRiThe detection duration of the synchronous signal in each beam direction is defined as MaxCNT; when the value CNT of the counter does not exceed the limit duration MaxCNT at step S2, and step S
S3 the correlator output exceeds the threshold THRiIf the correlation peak is detected, the synchronous signal is detected in the current beam direction;
s4-2, if the counter CNT reaches the limit duration MaxCNT in step S2 and none of the N correlator outputs exceeds the respective correlation detection threshold THRiThen it is determined that the detection of the synchronization signal fails and the adjustment of the previous spatial filtering direction is required.
6. The method for detecting synchronization of a multi-antenna communication system based on spatial filtering as claimed in claim 5, wherein said step S5 includes the steps of:
s5-1, if step S4 judges that the synchronous signal detection fails and requires to adjust the spatial filtering direction, the spatial filtering direction adjusting unit simultaneously adjusts each spatial filtering unit in step S2 and modifies the corresponding receiving beam direction;
and S5-2, returning to the step S2, clearing the counter CNT in the step S2, and repeating the steps S2-S4 to detect the synchronous signal.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the high-value step angle Δ θ is preset during adjustment1And a low value step angle delta theta2(ii) a When the correlator output is less than k% of the correlation peak threshold THR, a high value stepping angle delta theta is adopted1(ii) a When the correlator output is greater than k% of the correlation peak threshold THR, a low step angle delta theta is adopted1Wherein the percentage k% is an empirical value, corresponding to the systemThe false alarm probability of step signal detection requires adjustment.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S2-1, the antenna arrays are arranged in an equally spaced linear arrangement, and the spatial filtering vector w (θ) has a formula:
Figure FDA0002391310940000031
wherein, theta is the incident direction angle of the wireless signal of the standard base station to the receiving antenna array, lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the wireless signal carrier frequency,
Figure FDA0002391310940000032
is the phase difference between the signals received by adjacent antennas in the antenna array, and d is the distance between adjacent antennas.
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