Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides the conductive slurry compounded by the carbon nano tube, the graphene and the conductive carbon black, and the preparation method is simple, low in cost, good in stability and good in conductivity.
A preparation method of conductive slurry compounded by carbon nanotubes, graphene and conductive carbon black is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding graphene, carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black into a solvent containing a dispersing agent, and mixing to obtain slurry; grinding the slurry to the fineness of less than 40 mu m to obtain the conductive slurry;
the dispersing agent is prepared from a high molecular polymer, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic wetting agent and a defoaming agent in a weight ratio of 1: 0.3-0.7: 0.3-0.7: 0.05-0.1 percent.
In the invention, the mixed dispersant is adopted to prepare the conductive paste so as to improve the dispersion performance and obtain the conductive paste with uniform and stable properties.
The carbon nano tube has a one-dimensional fibrous structure, can form a line-surface conductive network with the composite material, the graphene has a two-dimensional layered structure, can form a surface-surface conductive network with the composite material, the conductive carbon black has a zero-dimensional point structure, can form a point-surface conductive network with the composite material, and can enable the compound conductive slurry to have a conductive network richer than that of a single carbon conductive agent by compounding different carbon structures, so that the compound conductive slurry has higher conductive efficiency.
Preferably, the solvent is at least one of N-methyl pyrrolidone, deionized water, N-N dimethylacetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
Further preferably, the solvent is water. The water is used as the solvent, so that the production cost of the conductive paste can be reduced, and the conductive paste is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Preferably, graphene, carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black are added in this order, or graphene, conductive carbon black and carbon nanotubes are added in this order, to a solvent containing a dispersant.
The charging sequence of the carbon nano tube, the graphene and the conductive carbon black is optimized, firstly, the graphene is added, and the graphene is subjected to secondary stripping in a solvent under the action of shearing force to obtain a graphene sheet layer with a lower layer number, wherein the longer the dispersion time is, the thinner the obtained graphene sheet layer is, and the better the conductive effect is; then adding carbon nano tubes, dispersing the carbon nano tubes by using high shearing force, effectively opening carbon nano tube aggregates, and finally adding conductive carbon black.
The excessively long dispersion time of the carbon nanotubes may cut the length of the carbon nanotubes, which may affect the conductivity, and thus, it is not suitable to be added as a first order material to a solvent containing a dispersant.
The charging sequence of the conductive carbon black and the carbon nano tube can be interchanged, and the performance of the conductive slurry is not influenced.
Further preferably, the linear velocity of the graphene dispersion is 10-15 m/s, and the dispersion time of the graphene is 60-180 min; the dispersion linear velocity of the carbon nano tube is 10-15 m/s, and the dispersion time of the carbon nano tube is 20-60 min; the dispersion linear velocity of the conductive carbon black is 6-12 m/s, and the dispersion time of the conductive carbon black is 20-30 min.
In the dispersion process, different materials reach best dispersed state under the dispersion linear velocity of difference, and the best dispersion linear velocity of graphite alkene is 10 ~ 15m/s, and the linear velocity is crossed lowly and can't peel off graphite alkene, and the linear velocity is too high to destroy the lamellar structure of graphite alkene, reduces electric conductivity.
The optimal dispersion linear velocity of the carbon nano tube is 10-15 m/s, the carbon nano tube aggregate cannot be opened when the linear velocity is too low, the length of the carbon nano tube is damaged when the linear velocity is too high, and the conductivity is reduced.
The optimal dispersion linear velocity of the conductive carbon black is 6-12 m/s, the conductive carbon black aggregate cannot be opened when the linear velocity is too low, and the conductive carbon black branched chain conductive network can be damaged when the linear velocity is too high, so that the conductivity is reduced.
In the dispersing process, the optimal requirement is provided for the dispersing time, the excessive dispersion conductivity is reduced when the dispersing time exceeds a certain dispersing time, the insufficient dispersion is caused when the dispersing time is too short, and the conductivity is reduced.
In actual operation, every material is added, namely the material is dispersed according to the optimal dispersion linear velocity and the optimal dispersion time of the material, taking the example of adding graphene, carbon nano tubes and conductive carbon black in sequence, after adding the graphene, the material is dispersed for 60-180 min at the dispersion linear velocity of 10-15 m/s; after adding the carbon nano tubes, dispersing for 20-60 min at a dispersion linear speed of 10-15 m/s; after the conductive carbon black is added, dispersing for 20-30 min at a dispersion linear speed of 6-12 m/s.
The type and proportion of the dispersing agent are preferably selected to achieve the best dispersing effect. Preferably, the dispersing agent is prepared by mixing a high molecular polymer, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic wetting agent and a defoaming agent in a weight ratio of 1: 0.3-0.7: 0.3-0.4: 0.05-0.1 percent.
The high molecular polymer is used as a main dispersing agent, can effectively adsorb and wrap the surfaces of the carbon nano tube, the graphene and the conductive carbon black, prevents the components from coagulating, and enables the dispersion to be in a stable state.
Preferably, the high molecular polymer is at least one of polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium polystyrene sulfonate and polyimide.
The anionic surfactant can be rapidly adsorbed on the surfaces of the carbon nano tube, the graphene and the conductive carbon black to assist the high molecular polymer to be effectively dispersed.
Preferably, the anionic surfactant is at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium naphthalene sulfonate.
The nonionic wetting agent is used for reducing the surface tension, accelerating the compatibility of the surface of the conductive carbon black and a solvent, improving the dispersion efficiency and obviously improving the surface glossiness of the slurry.
Preferably, the nonionic wetting agent is higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
The proportion of each component in the conductive paste has influence on the stability, viscosity and conductivity of the conductive paste, and preferably, the proportion of the carbon nano tube, the graphene, the conductive carbon black, the dispersant and the solvent in parts by weight is 1-1.5: 1.5-3: 1-2: 1-1.25: 80-95. Further preferably, the weight ratio of the carbon nano tube, the graphene, the conductive carbon black, the dispersant and the solvent is 1.5: 1.5-3: 1-2: 1-1.25: 80-95.
In order to improve the stability of the conductive paste and ensure that the conductive paste has a suitable viscosity, the specific surface area of the carbon nanotubes is preferably not less than 270m2(ii)/g; the specific surface area of the graphene is not less than 350m2/g。
Preferably, D is the size of the graphene sheet layer5010 to 20 μm. The graphene sheet layer is too thick in size, and on the premise that the addition amount of graphene is the same, the network density of the conductive grid structure is influenced, so that the conductivity is influenced.
Preferably, the conductive carbon black is at least one of acetylene black, furnace black, coke, and ketjen black. Further preferably, the conductive carbon black is acetylene black.
Preferably, the carbon nano tube is added into a solvent containing a dispersing agent, then the mixture is stirred for at least 30min at a rotating speed of 180-250 r/min, then the graphene is added, the mixture is stirred for at least 20min at a rotating speed of 280-380 r/min, finally the conductive carbon black is added, and the mixture is stirred for at least 20min at a rotating speed of 280-380 r/min, so that slurry is obtained.
Preferably, the slurry temperature is maintained below 40 ℃ during the dispersion.
The grinding can effectively disperse the graphene, the carbon nano tubes and the conductive carbon black in a solvent containing a dispersing agent to form stable and uniform conductive slurry, the conductive slurry is mixed with a composite material (such as a positive electrode material of a battery), and a conductive network with point-line-surface contact is formed among the composite material, the carbon nano tubes and the graphene, so that the conductive performance is improved.
The invention also provides a conductive slurry compounded by the carbon nano tube, the graphene and the conductive carbon black, and the conductive slurry is prepared by the preparation method.
The conductive slurry compounded by the carbon nano tube, the graphene and the conductive carbon black provided by the invention has the advantages of good stability, good conductivity, simplicity in operation, high production efficiency and easiness in realizing industrial production.