CN108182549B - Regional energy efficiency measuring and calculating method considering environmental cost - Google Patents
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- -1 ammonia nitride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a regional energy efficiency measuring and calculating method considering environmental cost, belonging to the technical field of regional energy efficiency measuring and calculating, and comprising the following steps: s1: measuring and calculating the significant influence of energy consumption on the environment; s2: introducing an undesired output rear direction distance function model; s3: defining a direction distance function efficiency value; s4: efficiency value correction after considering environmental cost. The method can solve the problem of low accuracy of regional energy efficiency measurement and calculation, is quicker and more accurate, and improves the measurement and calculation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of regional energy efficiency measurement and calculation, in particular to a regional energy efficiency measurement and calculation method considering environmental cost.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, especially the continuous promotion of industrialization, the consumption of regional energy is rapidly increased, and the production and consumption modes of energy mainly based on fossil energy bring increasingly serious environmental pollution and ecological destruction. The production, transportation, processing conversion and use of fossil energy cause serious pollution and damage to ecological environment resources such as air, water, soil and the like. The exploitation of fossil energy causes the groundwater level to drop, and a large amount of pollutants enter the water and destroy the water resource for the soil becomes barren, and vegetation destroys, and ecosystem is impaired. A large amount of smoke, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other atmospheric pollutants discharged by fossil energy combustion cause environmental pollution such as dust haze, acid rain and the like, and seriously harm physical and psychological health of people. The invention quantitatively analyzes the influence of regional energy consumption on the environment and provides a regional energy efficiency measuring and calculating method considering the environmental cost.
Patent publication No. CN103455718B discloses an energy utilization efficiency evaluation method, comprising the steps of: constructing an energy efficiency evaluation model from four angles of energy, output, environment and sustainability according to a set evaluation principle and evaluation content; selecting an evaluation index of an energy efficiency evaluation model according to the evaluation content; evaluating the energy utilization efficiency of the evaluated object by using the energy efficiency evaluation model and the evaluation index thereof; and acquiring an energy utilization efficiency evaluation value of the evaluated object. The invention also provides an energy utilization efficiency evaluation system, the technology of the invention is used for evaluating the evaluated object, the effect of the energy production efficiency in the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency and the influence of the energy consumption condition on the sustainable development of social economy are fully considered, the key influencing factors of the energy efficiency can be identified, the comprehensive evaluation of the energy efficiency is realized, data support is provided for the research of the energy efficiency, and the improvement of the energy efficiency is promoted. However, the method mainly evaluates the energy utilization efficiency, does not carefully consider environmental cost and output, does not form a clear input-output analysis frame, and is not accurate enough in evaluation effect.
The patent with publication number CN105975774 discloses an industrial user energy utilization efficiency evaluation method based on an ultra-efficient DEA model, which comprises the steps of firstly establishing an industrial user energy utilization efficiency evaluation system, then solving the primary and secondary energy utilization efficiency of a typical industrial user by an ultra-rate DEA method, establishing an energy utilization efficiency evaluation index of a production link according to weighted distribution, and finally establishing an energy recycling efficiency index system. But the method does not consider the environmental cost and has inaccurate measurement and calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a regional energy efficiency measuring and calculating method considering environmental cost, which can solve the problem of low accuracy of regional energy efficiency measurement and calculation, and is faster and more accurate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a regional energy efficiency measuring and calculating method considering environmental cost comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring and calculating the significant influence of energy consumption on the environment;
s2: introducing an undesired output rear direction distance function model;
s3: defining a direction distance function efficiency value;
s4: efficiency value correction after considering environmental cost.
Further, in step S1, the degree of the environmental impact of energy consumption is quantitatively studied by a metric analysis with the energy consumption accompanied by a certain degree of pollution, and a multiple regression model is set as follows:
in the formula, the pollution refers to the environmental pollution, and the COD discharge amount and the waste amount of the waste water are respectively used
Measuring ammonia nitride emission, sulfur dioxide emission, nitrogen oxide emission and dust emission in water; EC is energy consumption, which is a core variable; pcgdp means average human GDP, fdi is the direct investment of outsourcers; ε is a random perturbation term; if the regression coefficient of the beta term is obvious, the influence of energy consumption on the environment is obvious; otherwise, the influence of energy consumption on the environment is not obvious.
Further, in the step S2, assuming that the scale reward is unchanged, each region is used as a decision unit DMU, and capital K, labor L and energy E are invested in each province; the output is divided into two types, one type is the desirable output, and the total production value of each province is used for measuring Y; another undesirable output, expressed as B, measured as the amount of chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater, the amount of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust, and the amount of dust emissions, respectively; the formulation of the model of the undesired yield back direction distance function is introduced as:
maxβ'
s.t.
X·λ+β'·gx≤xk
Y·λ+β'·gy≥yk
β'·λ+β'·gb＝bk
λ≥0
in the formula, xkIs the input vector of DMUk, ykIs the output vector of DMUk, gxAnd gyThe input and output variations are characterized separately, and β' is a measure of inefficiency.
Further, in step S3, according to the model of the direction-distance function after introducing the undesired yield, the direction-distance function efficiency value may be defined as:
in the formula, thetakCan be used directly to measure efficiency, wi IRepresenting the weight of the i-th investment; and wr OThe weight of the r-th output represents the importance degree of different indexes, m and q respectively refer to the number of types of input and output, m is 3, q is 1, and a selected weight matrix (w)1 I,w2 I,w3 I,w1 O) (1/6.1/6,1/6,1/2) that the inputs and outputs are treated equally, i.e., that inputs and outputs are equally important, and that both are weighted at 1/2; considering that there are 3 inputs in total, the weight of the input part is further given to capital, labor and energy on average.
Further, it is characterized in that: in step S4, the direction-distance function efficiency value is further corrected to:
in the formula, thetakCan be used directly to measure efficiency, wi IExpressing the weight to the i-th input, wr GWeight of the r-th desired output, wt BWeight for the t-th undesired outcome; the weight is used for representing the importance degree of different indexes, and a weight matrix (w) can be constructed1 I,w2 I,w3 I,w1 G,w1 B,w2 B,w3 B) (ii) a When weighting each index of input and output after considering the environmental constraint, setting the weight matrix as (1/9, 1/9,1/9,1/3,1/9, 1/9 and 1/9), wherein the weight matrix treats various input, desirable output and undesirable output equally and weights 1/3; considering 3 investments in total, the weight of the investment part is further averagely assigned to capital, labor and energy, i.e. the weight of each investment is respectively1/9; the undesirable output is treated in the same manner, and the regional energy efficiency considering the environmental cost can be measured by weighting 1/3 each for the discharge amount of chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater, the discharge amount of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas, and the discharge amount of dust.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a regional energy efficiency measuring and calculating method considering environmental cost, which is characterized in that a distance function model in the rear direction of non-desirable output is constructed and introduced, pollutant emission indexes such as discharge amount of chemical oxygen demand, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and smoke (dust) dust in waste water are taken as non-desirable output and brought into an input-output analysis frame, the regional energy efficiency considering the environmental cost is measured and calculated, the measuring and calculating are closer to actual and objective conditions, environmental factors are brought into a measuring and calculating range, the measuring and calculating precision is obviously improved, and the method is more convenient and quicker.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
Example 1: the present invention will be further described below by taking Henan province as an example.
And measuring the significance of the Henan province energy consumption on the environmental influence, constructing a Henan province energy efficiency measuring and calculating model considering the environmental cost, and analyzing the Henan province energy efficiency under the environmental constraint.
And (I) analyzing the influence of energy consumption of Henan province on the environment. The energy consumption is accompanied with a certain degree of pollution, the degree of the influence of the energy consumption on the environment is quantitatively researched through metering analysis, and a multiple regression model is set as follows:
wherein, polution refers to environmental pollution, and is measured by COD discharge amount of wastewater, ammonia nitride discharge amount of wastewater, sulfur dioxide discharge amount, nitrogen oxide discharge amount and smoke (dust) discharge amount respectively; EC is energy consumption, which is a core variable; pcgdp refers to homo GDP. fdi direct investment for outsourcers; ε is a random perturbation term. Based on energy and environment data of 18 city districts in Henan province, the simulation calculation of the environmental impact of energy consumption in Henan province is carried out, and the result is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 impact of energy consumption on the Environment
Note: in parentheses are t values.
② means significant at 10% level, means significant at 5% level and means significant at 1% level.
From the regression analysis results, it can be seen that each 1 million tons of standard coal consumed by Henan province produces 0.362 million tons of wastewater COD discharge, 0.040 million tons of ammonia nitride discharge, 0.710 million tons of sulfur dioxide discharge, 0.509 million tons of nitrogen oxide discharge, and 0.833 million tons of smoke (dust) dust discharge. Therefore, the influence of energy consumption in Henan province on the environment is very obvious.
And (II) evaluating energy efficiency under the environmental constraint. When the energy efficiency is measured, pollutant discharge indexes such as discharge amount of chemical oxygen demand in wastewater, discharge amount of sulfur dioxide in waste gas, discharge amount of smoke (dust) dust and the like are considered comprehensively, and the pollutant discharge indexes are taken as non-desirable outputs and are brought into an input-output analysis framework.
Assuming that the return on scale is constant, each province is taken as a decision unit (DMU), and capital (K), labor (L) and energy (E) are invested in each province. The output is divided into two types, one is the desirable output, and the total production value of each province is used for measuring (Y); another undesirable output, separately from the chemistry in the waste waterThe amount of oxygen demand, the amount of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas and the amount of smoke (dust) dust (indicated by vector B). DUM in a certain provincekFor example, the formulation of the model for introducing the undesired yield back-direction distance function is:
maxβ'
s.t.
X·λ+β'·gx≤xk
Y·λ+β'·gy≥yk
β'·λ+β'·gb＝bk
λ≥0
wherein x iskIs DUMkInput vector of (y)kIs DUMkDesired output vector of bkIs DUMkThe undesired output vector of (a). gx、gyAnd gbIs a direction vector which respectively depicts the conditions of input, desirable output and undesirable output variation, beta' is a measure for inefficiency, but is influenced by the length of the direction vector, and after introducing the undesirable output, the efficiency value of the direction distance function is further corrected to be:
θkcan be used directly to measure efficiency. Wherein, wi IExpressing the weight to the i-th input, wr GWeight of the r-th desired output, wt BWeight of the t-th undesired outcome. The weights are used for representing the importance degrees of different indexes, and a weight matrix can be constructed
When weighting each index of input and output after considering the environmental constraint, setting the weight matrix as (1/9, 1/9,1/9,1/3,1/9, 1/9 and 1/9), wherein the weight matrix treats various input, desirable output and undesirable output equally and weights 1/3; considering that there are 3 total investments, the weight of the invested part is further given to capital, labor and energy sources on average, namely the weight of each investment is 1/9; the undesired output is treated the same, with 1/3 being weighted by the amount of chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater, the amount of sulfur dioxide emission in the exhaust, and the amount of smoke (dust) dust emission. After considering the environmental restrictions, the results of the energy efficiency measurement and calculation of the whole elements of the nationwide provinces are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Total element energy efficiency of each provincial region under environmental constraints
Note: (ii) efficiency ranking in the Table, efficiency value θ in equation (5)kThe weight matrix is (1/9.1/9,1/9,1/3,1/9.1/9, 1/9).
② 'compilation of 60-year statistical data of new China' and 'yearbook of Chinese statistics'.
And thirdly, the calculation of the material capital stock adopts a perpetual inventory method and a single Homey (2008) method.
And fourthly, calculating the basic stock of the substances and the actual GDP at the unchanged price in 1952.
After environmental pollution was produced as an undesirable outcome, in 2010, fujian, shanghai and jiang were provinces in the frontier of efficiency, i.e., at the best level of energy efficiency, with guangdong and beijing being ranked at 4, 5, and the south of the river being ranked at 23. The Fujian and Shanghai still are the provinces with the highest energy efficiency in 2014, with the migration of the Beijing high-energy-consumption industry, the energy efficiency in Beijing city is improved to the third place, and the difference between the 23 rd place in Henan province ranks nationwide and the optimal level in the nation is further expanded. Therefore, after environmental constraints are brought into an evaluation system, the energy efficiency of the Henan province is at the national backward level, which shows that the current energy utilization mode and the current industrial system of the Henan province are still relatively extensive, the transformation progress of the economic structure and the energy structure lags the national average level, and the Henan province needs to accelerate the transformation and the upgrade of the industrial structure and accelerate the increase of the consumption proportion of clean energy.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A regional energy efficiency measuring and calculating method considering environmental cost is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring and calculating the significant influence of energy consumption on the environment;
s2: introducing an undesired output rear direction distance function model;
s3: defining a direction distance function efficiency value;
s4: correcting the efficiency value after considering the environmental cost;
in step S3, according to the model of the direction-distance function after introducing the undesired yield, the direction-distance function efficiency value may be defined as:
in the formula, thetakCan be used directly to measure efficiency, wi IRepresenting the weight of the i-th investment; and wr OThe weight of the r-th output represents the importance degree of different indexes, m and q respectively refer to the number of types of input and output, m is 3, q is 1, and a selected weight matrix (w)1 I,w2 I,w3 I,w1 O) (1/6.1/6,1/6,1/2) that the inputs and outputs are treated equally, i.e., that inputs and outputs are equally important, and that both are weighted at 1/2; considering that there are 3 inputs in total, the weight of the input part is further given to capital, labor and energy sources on average;
in step S4, the direction-distance function efficiency value is further corrected to:
in the formula, thetakCan be used directly to measure efficiency, wi IExpressing the weight to the i-th input, wr GWeight of the r-th desired output, wt BWeight for the t-th undesired outcome; the weight is used for representing the importance degree of different indexes, and a weight matrix (w) can be constructed1 I,w2 I,w3 I,w1 G,w1 B,w2 B,w3 B) (ii) a When weighting each index of input and output after considering the environmental constraint, setting the weight matrix as (1/9, 1/9,1/9,1/3,1/9, 1/9 and 1/9), wherein the weight matrix treats various input, desirable output and undesirable output equally and weights 1/3; considering that there are 3 total investments, the weight of the invested part is further given to capital, labor and energy sources on average, namely the weight of each investment is 1/9; the undesirable output is treated in the same manner, and the regional energy efficiency considering the environmental cost can be measured by weighting 1/3 each for the discharge amount of chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater, the discharge amount of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas, and the discharge amount of dust.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in step S1, the degree of the environmental impact of energy consumption is quantitatively studied by a metric analysis with a certain degree of pollution, and a multiple regression model is set as follows:
in the formula, the pollution refers to environmental pollution, and the COD discharge amount of the wastewater, the ammonia nitride discharge amount in the wastewater, the sulfur dioxide discharge amount, the nitrogen oxide discharge amount and the dust are respectively usedMeasuring the discharge amount; EC is energy consumption, which is a core variable; pcgdp means average human GDP, fdi is the direct investment of outsourcers; ε is a random perturbation term; beta is a0、β1、β2、β3、β4The regression coefficient is used, and if the regression coefficient of the environmental pollution to the energy consumption is obvious, the obvious correlation between the energy consumption and the environmental pollution is shown; otherwise, the environmental pollution caused by energy consumption is not obvious.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises: in the step S2, assuming that the scale compensation is unchanged, each region is taken as a decision unit DMU, and capital K, labor L and energy E are invested in each province; the output is divided into two types, one type is the desirable output, and the total production value of each province is used for measuring Y; another undesirable output, expressed as B, measured as the amount of chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater, the amount of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust, and the amount of dust emissions, respectively; the formulation of the model of the undesired yield back direction distance function is introduced as:
maxβ'
s.t.
X·λ+β'·gx≤xk
Y·λ+β'·gy≥yk
β'·λ+β'·gb＝bk
λ≥0
in the formula, xkIs the input vector of DMU k, ykIs the output vector of DMU k, gxAnd gyThe input and output variations are characterized separately, and β' is a measure of inefficiency.
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