CN108178305A - A kind of technique and device of biological multielementization processing wastewater of chemical industry with high concentration - Google Patents
A kind of technique and device of biological multielementization processing wastewater of chemical industry with high concentration Download PDFInfo
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- CN108178305A CN108178305A CN201810142057.3A CN201810142057A CN108178305A CN 108178305 A CN108178305 A CN 108178305A CN 201810142057 A CN201810142057 A CN 201810142057A CN 108178305 A CN108178305 A CN 108178305A
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of techniques of biological multielementization processing wastewater of chemical industry with high concentration, include the following steps：Wastewater from chemical industry is after homogeneous by promotion facility to acidification pool, acidification pool water outlet is sent into oxygenation air lift circulatory pool, it is oxygenated water outlet after the processing of air lift circulatory pool and is sent into membrane bioreactor and carry out mud-water separation, water outlet, which is sent into after floss hole, after Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment receives pipe discharge.All kinds of pretreatment wastewater from chemical industry is received to carry out homogeneous and are measured in the homogeneous pond；The acidification that acidification strain carries out waste water is added in acidification pool, improves the biodegradability of wastewater from chemical industry；Air lift cyclic process in oxygenation air lift circulatory pool can make the biological concentration in biological multielementization and raising waste water in waste water, so as to improve the organic removal rate of waste water；The membrane bioreactor integrates the facility of secondary settling tank and clarifying basin, can substantially reduce capital construction Facilities Construction expense and greatly reduce floor space.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material and field of environment engineering technology more particularly to a kind of biological multielementization processing high-concentration chemical industries
The technique and device of waste water.
Background technology
Zhejiang Province's chemical industry is more flourishing, and wastewater from chemical industry water is big (account for total amount of industrial wastewater 14%), water quality compared with
Complexity belongs to typical three high organic wastewaters (high organic pollution, high salinity and high ammonia-nitrogen wastewater).The spy substantially of wastewater from chemical industry
Sign is：(1) water-quality constituents is complicated, and by-product is more, and reaction raw materials are often solvent substance or the compound of cyclic structure, are increased
The intractability of waste water；(2) Pollutants in Wastewater content is high, this is because raw material reaction not exclusively and in raw material or production makes
A large amount of solvent mediums are entered caused by waste water system；(3) poisonous and harmful substance is more, many of Fine Chemistry Wastewater
Organic pollution be to microorganism it is poisonous and hazardous, as halogen compounds, nitro compound, have bactericidal effect dispersant or
Surfactant etc.；(4) bio-refractory substance is more, and for B/C than low, biodegradability is poor；(5) chroma in waste water is high.
In order to improve the pollution problem of chemical industry, country has also put into effect the waste water standard of chemical industry in succession, such as
Implement within 2015《Petro chemical industry pollutant emission standard》GB31571-2015、《Inorganic chemistry emission of industrial pollutants
Standard》GB31573-2015、《Ammonia synthesizing industry pollution discharge standard》GB13458-2013、《Citric acid industry water pollution
Object discharge standard》GB19430-2013、《Coking chemistry emission of industrial pollutants standard》GB16171-2012 etc., more than
The implementation of these standards can also improve the water pollution problems of chemical industry to a certain extent.
Therefore chemical enterprise will achieve the purpose that national energy-saving emission reduction should mainly be implemented in terms of two, first from life
Clean manufacturing is carried out in production, using water wisely reduces unit product water consumption；Secondly it need to strengthen sewage disposal technology, improve water outlet
Water quality, and as possible using Treated sewage reusing in production, reaching emission reduction purpose.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of technique of biological multielementization processing wastewater of chemical industry with high concentration, solves at chemical wastewater biochemical
Manage the technical issues of efficiency is low.
A kind of technique of biological multielementization processing wastewater of chemical industry with high concentration, includes the following steps：
Wastewater from chemical industry is promoted to by promotion facility in acidification pool after homogeneous, and oxygenation air lift circulatory pool is sent into acidification pool water outlet
In, water outlet feeding membrane bioreactor carries out mud-water separation after the circulatory pool processing of oxygenation air lift, goes out after Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment
Water be sent into floss hole after through receive pipe discharge.
All kinds of pretreatment wastewater from chemical industry is received to carry out homogeneous and are measured in the homogeneous pond；By hydrolysis acidification to carry in acidification pool
The biodegradability of high wastewater from chemical industry；Air lift cyclic process in oxygenation air lift circulatory pool can make biological multielementization in waste water and carry
Biological concentration in high waste water, so as to improve the organic removal rate of waste water；The membrane bioreactor collection secondary settling tank and clarification
Pond can substantially reduce capital construction Facilities Construction expense and greatly reduce floor space in the facility of one.
Present invention oxygenation pond receives acidification pool waste water and air lift water pumparound simultaneously, makes oxygenation pond from beginning to end shape
Into stable waste strength gradient, the microbe symbiotic of each concentration period of waste water is made to make microbe species in being oxygenated in pond
Reach diversification, the quantity of microorganism is made to reach certain rank, optimum level is reached to the treatment effeciency of waste water.
Preferably, the oxygenation air lift circulatory pool includes oxygenation pond and air lift circulatory pool, and air lift is set in air lift circulatory pool
Device, the waste water for being oxygenated pond water outlet are back to oxygenation pond water inlet end by air-lift device large scale.
Preferably, the air-lift device is the annular aeration tube that several are controlled independently of each other.Conducive to block waste water lifting.
Preferably, the oxygenation external air blast facility in pond is oxygenated, and Dissolved Oxygen concentration Control is in 2~4mg/ in oxygenation pond
L。
Preferably, the external air blast facility of air lift circulatory pool is oxygenated, Dissolved Oxygen concentration Control in air lift circulatory pool
In 0.5~1mg/L.
Preferably, the return of waste water ratio in the air lift circulatory pool is 30 times~1000 times.It is further preferred that reflux
Ratio is 500 times~1000 times；It is further preferred that reflux ratio is 500~600 times.
Preferably, waste water acidification pool and oxygenation air lift circulatory pool in hydraulic detention time be respectively 8~12h and 24~
36h.It is further preferred that hydraulic detention time is respectively 10h and 30h.
The present invention also provides a kind of device of biological multielementization processing wastewater of chemical industry with high concentration, including the homogeneous being sequentially arranged
Pond promotes facility, acidification pool, oxygenation air lift circulatory pool, membrane bioreactor, promotes facility and floss hole.
Preferably, the oxygenation air lift circulatory pool includes oxygenation pond, air lift circulatory pool and in air lift circulatory pool
Air-lift device, the return of waste water that the air-lift device is used to be oxygenated pond water outlet are extremely oxygenated pond water inlet end.
It is further preferred that the air lift circulatory pool half is separated around the setting of oxygenation pond by partition wall.
Preferably, installation film group in the membrane bioreactor, waste water drain into floss hole by the external facility that promoted of film group.
Preferably, the air-lift device is the annular aeration tube that several are controlled independently of each other.
Preferably, setting aeration pipe network in bottom in the oxidation pond.
Preferably, the oxygenation external oxygenation facility in pond.
Preferably, the external oxygenation facility of the air lift circulatory pool.
The pretreated wastewater from chemical industry of sub-prime, by promoting facility by waste water lifting to acidification pool, passes through acid behind homogeneous pond
Change hydrolysis, improve the biochemical of waste water, waste water carries circulatory pool by entering to be oxygenated after acidification, and waste water enters oxygenation pond
While air lift circulatory pool tail end wastewater large scale import, oxygenation pond is made to form stable waste strength ladder from beginning to end
Degree, making all kinds of microbe symbiotics of each concentration period of waste water, concentration gradient makes microbe species reach more in being oxygenated in pond
Memberization, stable concentration make microorganism volume, and the treatment effeciency that can make oxygenation air lift circulatory pool is higher than general biochemistry pool
30%~70%.Waste water enters membrane bioreactor after being oxygenated air lift circulatory pool and carries out separation of solid and liquid, is carried out at the same time precipitation
And filtering, process flow is substantially reduced, saves processing floor space.Waste water is received after carrying out separation of solid and liquid by floss hole again
Pipe qualified discharge.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
(1) this technique uses conventional acidulation strain, and the processing of strain is acidified by conventional high-performance, chemical industry can be greatly improved and give up
The biochemical of water.
(2) the oxygenation air lift circulatory pool that this technique uses can greatly improve treatment effeciency, resistance to punching compared with general biochemistry pool
It is strong to hit ability, high concentration raw water can be handled, pretreatment cost can be substantially reduced.
(3) this technique oxygenation air lift circulatory pool in employs large scale reflux, make waste water each concentration period it is all kinds of
For microbe symbiotic in being oxygenated in pond, concentration gradient makes microbe species reach diversification, and stable concentration makes microorganism volume,
It is greatly improved biochemical treatment efficiency.
(4) membrane bioreactor that this technique uses integrates precipitation and filtering, is substantially shorter wastewater treatment process,
Environmental protection facility land occupation is greatlyd save, is economized the land resource.
(5) this technique can be used to create the mating sewage treatment project of chemical enterprise and according to existing chemical enterprise
The actual conditions of mating sewage plant are implemented after being rectified and improved, and have a wide range of application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the present invention.
Reference numeral is as follows shown in figure：
1- homogeneous pond 2- first promotes facility 3- and strengthens acidification pool
4- is oxygenated pond 5- air lift circulatory pool the first air blast facilities of 6-
7- air-lift devices the second air blast facilities of 8- 9- is aerated facility
10- membrane bioreactor 11- film groups 12- second promotes facility
13- floss holes
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of technique of biological multielementization processing wastewater of chemical industry with high concentration, including the homogeneous pond being sequentially arranged
1st, it first promotes facility 2, strengthen acidification pool 3, oxygenation air lift circulatory pool, the promotion facility 12 of membrane bioreactor 10, second and row
Mouth 13 is put, oxygenation air lift circulatory pool includes oxygenation pond 4, air lift circulatory pool 5 and the air-lift device 7 in air lift circulatory pool,
Air lift circulatory pool half is separated, air-lift device 7 is exposed using the annular that several are controlled independently of each other around the setting of oxygenation pond by partition wall
Tracheae, for the return of waste water of pond water outlet will to be oxygenated to oxygenation pond water inlet end.
Homogeneous pond collects pretreated wastewater from chemical industry at one, and homogeneous is measured.
It promotes facility and the wastewater from chemical industry in homogeneous pond is promoted to reinforcing acidification pool.
Air lift circulatory pool provides air by the first air blast facility 7, is recycled conducive to waste water.
Oxygenation pond provides oxygen by the second air blast facility 8.
The technological process of the present invention is as follows：
(1) entering homogeneous pond by pretreated wastewater from chemical industry, homogeneous promotes facility and import after measuring strengthens acidification pool,
Wastewater from chemical industry in acidification pool is strengthened by hydrolysis acidification after, improve the B/C ratios of waste water, while can also substantially reduce the poison of waste water
Property, conducive to subsequent biochemical processing.
(2) waste water enters oxygenation pond after strengthening acidification pool, is provided using the second air blast facility molten needed for oxygenation pond
Oxygen is solved, wherein dissolved oxygen is maintained at 2~4mg/L, ensures the life condition of the oxygen-enriched flora in oxygenation pond.Wherein oxygenation pond water inlet
End receives a large amount of tail water that oxygenation pond end is looped back by air lift circulatory pool simultaneously, and reflux at high proportion makes oxygenation pond water inlet end
Pollutant concentration substantially reduce, more can be conducive to processing of the strain to pollutant, more can steady decrease Wastewater Pollutant concentration.Together
When, it is oxygenated in pond and adds efficient multicomponent strain, promote the strain diversification being oxygenated in pond, quantification, improve biochemical treatment energy
Power and efficiency.The wherein proportional region of air lift internal circulating load and inflow is larger, and debugging adjusting can be carried out according to different waste water, reflux
Than being 30~1000 times.
(3) waste water enters membrane biological reaction behind oxygenation pond and the processing of air lift circulatory pool after removing most of pollutant
Device carries out mud-water separation and filtering, and water outlet receive pipe qualified discharge by floss hole.Wherein membrane bioreactor collection precipitation and
It filters in one, cost of land can be greatlyd save, substantially reduce operating cost.
Embodiment 1
By the technique using in the improvement project of Mr. Yu's Treatment of Sewage Reservoir of Chemical Plant treating stations, Wastewater Treatment Design amount is 1500t/
D, sewage plant processing technological flow is after transformation：Pretreated waste water → regulating reservoir → air lift cycle oxygenation pond → membrane bioreactor
→ drainage well → garden sewage treatment plant, water outlet, which need to reach, receives pipe standards, is oxygenated in pond Dissolved Oxygen concentration Control in 2~4mg/L,
In 0.5~1mg/L, reflux ratio controls in 500 times or so, acidification pool and oxygenation pond Dissolved Oxygen concentration Control in air lift circulatory pool
Hydraulic detention time be respectively 10 hours or so and 30 hours or so.Sewage Inlet and outlet water water quality and pipe standards of receiving are as shown in table 1.
1 sewage plant influent quality of table and pipe standards index unit of receiving：mg/L
Effluent quality, which is substantially better than, after processing receives pipe standards, is increased substantially, and to waste water than transformation pre-treatment effect
Salt content and toxicity have apparent auxiliary to reduce left and right.The emission reduction of this improvement project is apparent, and economic benefit is apparent, is really achieved enterprise
Environmental benefit and economic benefit two-win effect.
The foregoing is merely the specific implementation case of patent of the present invention, but the technical characteristic of patent of the present invention is not limited to
This, any those skilled in the relevant art in the field of the invention, all cover in the special of the present invention by the variation or modification made
Among sharp range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of technique of biological multielementization processing wastewater of chemical industry with high concentration, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Wastewater from chemical industry is promoted to by promotion facility in acidification pool after homogeneous, and acidification pool water outlet is sent into oxygenation air lift circulatory pool,
Membrane bioreactor progress mud-water separation is sent into water outlet after being oxygenated the processing of air lift circulatory pool, is discharged and is sent after Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment
Enter after floss hole through receiving pipe discharge.
2. technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the oxygenation air lift circulatory pool includes oxygenation pond and air lift cycle
Pond, the interior setting air-lift device of air lift circulatory pool, the waste water for being oxygenated pond water outlet are back to oxygenation pond by air-lift device large scale
Water inlet end.
3. technique according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the oxygenation external air blast facility in pond is oxygenated, and is oxygenated pond
Interior Dissolved Oxygen concentration Control is in 2~4mg/L.
4. technique according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the external air blast facility of air lift circulatory pool is oxygenated, gas
Dissolved Oxygen concentration Control is carried in circulatory pool in 0.5~1mg/L.
5. technique according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the air-lift device is the annular that several are controlled independently of each other
Aeration tube.
6. technique according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the return of waste water ratio of the air lift circulatory pool for 30 times~
1000 times.
7. technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that waterpower of the waste water in acidification pool and oxygenation air lift circulatory pool is stopped
It is respectively 8~12h and 24~36h to stay the time.
8. a kind of device of biological multielementization processing wastewater of chemical industry with high concentration, which is characterized in that including be sequentially arranged homogeneous pond,
It promotes facility, acidification pool, oxygenation air lift circulatory pool, membrane bioreactor, promote facility and floss hole.
9. device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the oxygenation air lift circulatory pool includes oxygenation pond, air lift cycle
Pond and the air-lift device in air lift circulatory pool, the air-lift device are used for return of waste water by pond water outlet is oxygenated to filling
Oxygen pond water inlet end.
10. device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that installation film group, waste water pass through film in the membrane bioreactor
The external promotion facility of group drains into floss hole.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN201810142057.3A CN108178305B (en) | 2018-02-11 | 2018-02-11 | Process and device for biological diversification treatment of high-concentration chemical wastewater |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810142057.3A CN108178305B (en) | 2018-02-11 | 2018-02-11 | Process and device for biological diversification treatment of high-concentration chemical wastewater |
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| CN108178305B CN108178305B (en) | 2023-10-27 |
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