CN108177396A - 针织三维蜂窝结构 - Google Patents

针织三维蜂窝结构 Download PDF

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CN108177396A
CN108177396A CN201711439986.2A CN201711439986A CN108177396A CN 108177396 A CN108177396 A CN 108177396A CN 201711439986 A CN201711439986 A CN 201711439986A CN 108177396 A CN108177396 A CN 108177396A
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knitting
single side
honeycomb structure
dimensional honeycomb
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CN108177396B (zh
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马丕波
杨瞳
蒋高明
缪旭红
丛洪莲
陈晴
万爱兰
常玉萍
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Jiangnan University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种针织三维蜂窝结构，其特征是：所述针织三维蜂窝结构由若干依次连接的循环单元组成，每个循环单元包括上下两部分左右分离的单面编织区，上下两部分左右分离的单面编织区折叠成截面呈菱形的立体蜂窝结构；上部分的左右分离的单面编织区的上端由双面编织区与相邻的循环单元连接，下部分的左右分离的单面编织区的下端由双面编织区与相邻的循环单元连接，上部分左右分离的单面编织区的下端和下部分左右分离的单面编织区的上端之间由左右相连的单面编织区连接；所述立体蜂窝结构与树脂固化成型。本发明能够采用针织织造工艺实现三维蜂窝结构的性能。

Description

针织三维蜂窝结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种针织三维蜂窝结构，属于纺织材料技术领域。
背景技术
作为一种特殊复合材料结构，蜂窝夹层复合材料因其轻质、高比强度和比刚度、抗压缩、隔热、减震、耐冲击等优势而被广泛应用于航空、航天、汽车、船舶等领域。在航空工业中，蜂窝夹层结构复合材料已大量应用于飞机主、次承力结构件，如机翼、机身、尾翼和雷达罩等。
蜂窝夹层复合材料板一般由上下两层高强度蒙皮和低密度夹芯层胶结而成，蒙皮一般为高性能纤维复合材料层合板，夹芯层通常采用传统正六边形、正方形、菱形、三角形等蜂窝，夹芯材料有纸、玻璃布、铝合金、芳纶纸（Normax、Korex）等。蜂窝夹层板通过增加夹芯层厚度，可在质量增加很少的前提下大幅度提高其刚度和强度，从而获得比强度和比刚度较高的轻质结构件，并且可根据力学和功能要求进行各向异性设计和选材。
刚性铝蜂窝芯材与刚性复合材料蒙皮难以配合胶结，且机械加工要求较高、加工复杂；铝蜂窝芯材与玻璃纤维或碳纤维复合材料蒙皮热膨胀系数相差较大，加工制造过程中产生的热应力容易引起二者间的开裂、变形或扭曲等；另外，铝蜂窝芯材与碳纤维复合材料蒙皮的直接接触易出现电化学腐蚀。为克服这些不足，开发了玻璃布蜂窝、芳纶纸蜂窝（如Nomex蜂窝和Korex蜂窝）。
芳纶纸蜂窝芯是由芳纶纸经过涂胶、切纸、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶、定型、片切等工序加工而成，采用一定工艺将碳纤维面板、玻璃纤维面板、铝板等材料贴合在芳纶蜂窝表面可加工为各种芳纶蜂窝夹层材料。在国外，普通纸蜂窝、铝蜂窝和Nomex蜂窝夹层结构均应用于铁道车辆，意大利的ETR-500、美国的BART地铁及德国Thyseen磁悬浮列车均采用大量这种结构。这种方法制得的材料处于高温高湿环境中或承受交变外力时，黏接处容易开裂，从而材料的性能将会大幅下降。三维纺织复合材料作为一种新型的复合材料，可从根本上解决层压和铺层复合材料存在的分层问题，采用针织技术实现三维蜂窝结构更是一个全新的研究领域。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中存在的不足，提供一种针织三维蜂窝结构，采用针织织造工艺实现三维蜂窝结构的性能。
按照本发明提供的技术方案，一种针织三维蜂窝结构，其特征是：所述针织三维蜂窝结构由若干依次连接的循环单元组成，每个循环单元包括上下两部分左右分离的单面编织区，上下两部分左右分离的单面编织区折叠成截面呈菱形的立体蜂窝结构；上部分的左右分离的单面编织区的上端由双面编织区与相邻的循环单元连接，下部分的左右分离的单面编织区的下端由双面编织区与相邻的循环单元连接，上部分左右分离的单面编织区的下端和下部分左右分离的单面编织区的上端之间由左右相连的单面编织区连接；所述立体蜂窝结构与树脂固化成型。
所述针织三维蜂窝结构的制造方法，其特征是，包括以下步骤：
（1）在双针床拉舍尔经编机上编织平面针织物，编织成的平面针织物上具有若干个循环单元，每个循环单元均包括从上至下依次的2区、1区、2区和3区，1区为双面编织区、2区为左右分离的单面编织区、3区为左右相连的单面编织区；
（2）在平面针织物编织完成之后进行折叠，即沿上部分和下部分的2区之间的3区进行折叠，形成立体的蜂窝结构；
（3）将固化的石蜡置于蜂窝孔中辅塑形，对该蜂窝结构进行树脂复合，待针织物和树脂完成固化形成立体的三维蜂窝结构之后，将石蜡溶解，得到所述的针织三维蜂窝结构。
进一步地，所述平面针织物的线圈结构由开口编链和变化衬纬组成，在2区和3区，开口编链在单针床垫纱成圈；在1区，开口编链同时在前后针床垫纱成圈，连接前后片；变化衬纬全部在单针床垫纱成圈，在3区全部采用2针衬纬，在1区和2区除了左右分离的部分采用单针衬纬，其余采用2针衬纬。
进一步地，所述平面针织物的线圈结构由开口编链和变化衬纬组成，在2区和3区，开口编链只在单针床垫纱成圈；在1区，开口编链同时在前后针床垫纱成圈，连接前后片。变化经平全部在单针床垫纱成圈，在3区全部是两针经平，从3区过渡到2区时采用三针经平，之后依然全部采用2针经平。
进一步地，所述平面针织物采用碳纤维、芳纶纤维、涤纶或锦纶。
进一步地，所述树脂采用环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
本发明具有以下有益效果：（1）本发明描述的三维蜂窝针织结构可采用任何具有可编织性的高性能纤维原料，可根据应用领域的具体要求进行原料的选择；（2）本发明描述的三维蜂窝针织结构可有效解决层压、铺层复合材料的分层问题。
附图说明
图1为三维蜂窝针织结构循环单元的示意图，其中1为双面编织区，2为左右分离的单面编织区，3为左右相连的单面编织区。
图2为三维蜂窝针织结构前后片循环单元的相错配置示意图。
图3为循环单元的线圈结构设计第一种实施例的示意图。
图4为循环单元的线圈结构设计第二种实施例的示意图。
图5为三维蜂窝针织结构循环单元模型示意图。
图6为折叠后三维蜂窝预成型针织结构模型示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例一：
如图5所示，本发明所述针织三维蜂窝结构由若干依次连接的循环单元组成，每个循环单元包括上下两部分左右分离的单面编织区2，上下两部分左右分离的单面编织区2折叠成截面呈菱形的立体结构；上部分的左右分离的单面编织区2的上端由双面编织区1与相邻的循环单元连接，下部分的左右分离的单面编织区2的下端由双面编织区1与相邻的循环单元连接，上部分左右分离的单面编织区2的下端和下部分左右分离的单面编织区2的上端之间由左右相连的单面编织区3连接。
本发明所述针织三维蜂窝结构的制造方法，具体如下：
（1）在具备4及其以上梳栉数的双针床拉舍尔经编机上编织平面针织物，如图1所示，编织成的平面针织物上具有若干个循环单元，每个循环单元均包括从上至下依次的2区、1区、2区和3区，1区为双面编织区、2区为左右分离的单面编织区、3区为左右相连的单面编织区；平面针织物的线圈结构主要由开口编链和变化衬纬组成，在2区和3区，开口编链只在单针床垫纱成圈；在1区，开口编链同时在前后针床垫纱成圈，连接前后片；变化衬纬全部在单针床垫纱成圈，在3区全部是2针衬纬，在1区和2区除了左右分离的部分是单针衬纬，其余都是2针衬纬；其中，前针床的循环单元与后针床的循环单元相错配置；
所述平面针织物为任何具有可编织性的高性能纱线和普通合成纤维，根据纱线可编织性的好坏和针织结构线圈图的设计进行配置，如碳纤维、芳纶纤维、涤纶、锦纶。倘若高性能纱线的编织性较好，可成圈编织，就采用高性能纱线编织编链和变化衬纬；倘若高性能纱线的编织性能不佳，就采用普通合成纤维编织编链，采用高性能纱线编织变化衬纬；
（2）在平面针织物编织完成之后，按图5、图6所示进行折叠，即沿上部分和下部分的2区之间的3区进行折叠，形成立体的蜂窝结构；图5中，ABGF包围的为上部分的2区，CDIH包围的为下部分的2区，上下部分的2区沿BCHG包围的3区进行折叠，DEJI包围的1区与相邻的蜂窝结构连接；
（3）将固化的石蜡置于蜂窝孔中辅塑形，对该蜂窝结构进行树脂复合，待针织物和树脂完成固化形成立体的三维蜂窝结构之后，树脂可以采用环氧树脂或是酚醛树脂；将石蜡溶解，得到所述的针织三维蜂窝结构。
实施例二：
实施例二中平面针织物的编织结构如图4所示，在2区和3区，开口编链只在单针床垫纱成圈；在1区，开口编链同时在前后针床垫纱成圈，连接前后片。变化经平全部在单针床垫纱成圈，在3区全部是两针经平，从3区过渡到2区时采用三针经平，之后依然全部采用2针经平。

Claims (6)

1.一种针织三维蜂窝结构，其特征是：所述针织三维蜂窝结构由若干依次连接的循环单元组成，每个循环单元包括上下两部分左右分离的单面编织区（2），上下两部分左右分离的单面编织区（2）折叠成截面呈菱形的立体蜂窝结构；上部分的左右分离的单面编织区（2）的上端由双面编织区（1）与相邻的循环单元连接，下部分的左右分离的单面编织区（2）的下端由双面编织区（1）与相邻的循环单元连接，上部分左右分离的单面编织区（2）的下端和下部分左右分离的单面编织区（2）的上端之间由左右相连的单面编织区（3）连接；所述立体蜂窝结构与树脂固化成型。
2.如权利要求1所述的针织三维蜂窝结构的制造方法，其特征是，包括以下步骤：
（1）在双针床拉舍尔经编机上编织平面针织物，编织成的平面针织物上具有若干个循环单元，每个循环单元均包括从上至下依次的2区、1区、2区和3区，1区为双面编织区、2区为左右分离的单面编织区、3区为左右相连的单面编织区；
（2）在平面针织物编织完成之后进行折叠，即沿上部分和下部分的2区之间的3区进行折叠，形成立体的蜂窝结构；
（3）将固化的石蜡置于蜂窝孔中辅塑形，对该蜂窝结构进行树脂复合，待针织物和树脂完成固化形成立体的三维蜂窝结构之后，将石蜡溶解，得到所述的针织三维蜂窝结构。
3.如权利要求2所述的针织三维蜂窝结构的制造方法，其特征是：所述平面针织物的线圈结构由开口编链和变化衬纬组成，在2区和3区，开口编链在单针床垫纱成圈；在1区，开口编链同时在前后针床垫纱成圈，连接前后片；变化衬纬全部在单针床垫纱成圈，在3区全部采用2针衬纬，在1区和2区除了左右分离的部分采用单针衬纬，其余采用2针衬纬。
4.如权利要求2所述的针织三维蜂窝结构的制造方法，其特征是：所述平面针织物的线圈结构由开口编链和变化衬纬组成，在2区和3区，开口编链只在单针床垫纱成圈；在1区，开口编链同时在前后针床垫纱成圈，连接前后片；
变化经平全部在单针床垫纱成圈，在3区全部是两针经平，从3区过渡到2区时采用三针经平，之后依然全部采用2针经平。
5.如权利要求2所述的针织三维蜂窝结构的制造方法，其特征是：所述平面针织物采用碳纤维、芳纶纤维、涤纶或锦纶。
6.如权利要求2所述的针织三维蜂窝结构的制造方法，其特征是：所述树脂采用环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
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