CN108173792B - Wireless device transient characteristic extraction and identification method based on differential constellation locus diagram - Google Patents
Wireless device transient characteristic extraction and identification method based on differential constellation locus diagram Download PDFInfo
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- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03828—Arrangements for spectral shaping; Arrangements for providing signals with specified spectral properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless equipment based on a differential constellation locus diagram. After the baseband signal of the wireless equipment is obtained and sampled, the sampled baseband signal is preprocessed, and the transient emission part and the transient ending part of the signal are extracted. And processing transient emission and transient end parts of the signals at the same differential interval and then drawing the signals on a differential constellation locus diagram. And depicting the drawn signal transient emission and transient end parts on a differential constellation locus diagram according to a fixed number of points to obtain a signal transient change locus. And storing the transient change tracks of the signals in a feature library as the identity features of the equipment. When the identity of the equipment needs to be identified, the transient change track of the equipment to be identified is compared with the track stored in the feature library, so that the identity identification is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of information security, and particularly relates to a method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless equipment based on a differential constellation locus diagram.
Background
The wireless target identification based on the radio frequency fingerprint characteristics of the equipment has the advantages of resisting forgery, tampering and deception attacks, and is a new method which can be widely used for equipment identity identification. Patent No. 2015108367155 proposes a device feature extraction method using a differential constellation trajectory diagram, which can effectively overcome the rotation of a received signal on an I/Q constellation diagram caused by the frequency deviation between a signal emission source and a receiving end, but this patent application mainly extracts the steady-state feature of a device based on the differential constellation trajectory diagram. Since the wireless device generates unique features at the instant of signal transmission and signal termination, the extraction and identification of such features will allow for more efficient identification of the individual wireless device. In addition, the steady-state characteristics of the wireless device need to be acquired by using the prior information of the wireless device, and the characteristics of the signal emission and the signal ending transient change of the wireless device are extracted and identified without using the prior information of the wireless device, so that the method has better applicability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of the background art, the invention aims to provide a method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless equipment based on a differential constellation locus diagram, wherein the characteristics of transient change are obtained through the differential constellation locus diagram, and then the identity of the wireless equipment is identified.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for extracting and identifying the transient characteristics of the wireless equipment based on the differential constellation locus diagram comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring a baseband signal of wireless equipment and sampling;
(2) preprocessing the sampled baseband signal, and extracting transient emission and transient end parts of the signal;
(3) drawing transient emission and transient end parts of the signal on a differential constellation locus diagram;
(4) depicting the drawn signal transient emission and transient end parts on a differential constellation locus diagram according to a fixed number of depicting points to obtain a signal transient change locus;
(5) storing the transient variation track of the signal in a feature library as the identity feature of the wireless equipment; or extracting the characteristics of the transient change track of the signal, and storing the characteristics in a characteristic library as the identity characteristics of the wireless equipment;
(6) when the equipment identity identification is needed, comparing the transient change track of the signal of the wireless equipment to be identified with the track stored in the feature library, and identifying the identity of the wireless equipment.
Further, in step (1), the frequency of sampling is higher than the width of the wireless device baseband signal.
Further, in step (2), the preprocessing of the sampled baseband signal includes signal slicing of the baseband signal, removal of noise sampling points in the sampled signal, extraction of each segment of the transmitted pulse signal in the baseband signal, and amplitude normalization of each segment of the transmitted pulse signal.
Furthermore, each segment of the extracted transmission pulse signal in the baseband signal at least comprises a complete signal sampling point of wireless device transient transmission and a signal sampling point of wireless device transient end, wherein the signal sampling point of wireless device transient transmission refers to a signal sampling point when the signal amplitude is increased from approximately 0 to approximately 1, and the signal sampling point of wireless device transient end refers to a signal sampling point when the signal amplitude is decreased from approximately 1 to approximately 0.
Further, in step (4), averaging transient transmission traces of the multi-segment transmission pulse signal and transient change traces corresponding to the transient end part to obtain a final signal transient change trace.
Further, in step (3), the sampling points of the transient emission and transient end portions of the signal are rendered on a constellation diagram after being subjected to differential processing through a fixed differential interval, so as to form a differential constellation trajectory diagram, wherein the differential interval is the symbol rate of the signal.
Further, in step (4), the intervals between the adjacent drawing points are equal.
Further, in the step (5), the method for extracting the characteristic of the signal transient change trajectory includes extracting an angle value of each drawing point in the signal transient change trajectory, obtaining a curve fitting parameter of the angle value through curve fitting, and using the curve fitting parameter as the identity characteristic of the wireless device.
Further, in the step (6), a correlation coefficient between a signal transient change trajectory of the wireless device to be identified and a trajectory in the feature library is obtained by using correlation operation, and the identity of the wireless device is identified based on a set correlation coefficient threshold.
Adopt the beneficial effect that above-mentioned technical scheme brought:
the traditional wireless equipment transient radio frequency fingerprint characteristics are mainly obtained in a radio frequency range, the invention can obtain the transient radio frequency fingerprint characteristics of wireless equipment modulating any signal in a baseband of the wireless signal, and the obtained radio frequency fingerprint characteristics can be used as the identification information of the wireless equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transient emission and end of transient portion of an acquired signal;
FIG. 3 is a differential constellation diagram;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of the transient emission and transient end portions averaged over the differential trace plot, respectively;
fig. 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams of transient emission and transient end partial traces respectively depicted on the differential trace diagrams.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless equipment based on a differential constellation locus diagram, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 1: acquiring a baseband signal of wireless equipment and sampling;
step 2: preprocessing the sampled baseband signal, and extracting transient emission and transient end parts of the signal;
and step 3: drawing transient emission and transient end parts of the signal on a differential constellation locus diagram;
and 4, step 4: depicting the drawn signal transient emission and transient end parts on a differential constellation locus diagram according to a fixed number of depicting points to obtain a signal transient change locus;
and 5: storing the transient variation track of the signal in a feature library as the identity feature of the wireless equipment; or extracting the characteristics of the transient change track of the signal, and storing the characteristics in a characteristic library as the identity characteristics of the wireless equipment;
step 6: when the equipment identity identification is needed, comparing the transient change track of the signal of the wireless equipment to be identified with the track stored in the feature library, and identifying the identity of the wireless equipment.
Hereinafter, each flow will be described in detail.
The system samples the received signal at baseband. In practical circumstances, it is preferable to use an integer multiple of the original signal symbol rate of the wireless device. On the premise that the symbol rate of the wireless device signal is unknown, the bandwidth of the wireless device baseband signal is preferably 5-10 times. The sampled signal of the system is X.
The system pre-processes the sampled signal. The system firstly carries out statistics on the signal X segments obtained by sampling to obtain the statistical results of different sampling point amplitudes. Estimating the amplitude A of the noise according to the statistical result1Sum signal amplitude A2. According to the noise amplitude A1Sum signal amplitude A2Estimating the decision threshold A of the signal3. Selecting a signal X segment higher than A3The signal segment of (1). In order to obtain complete signal transient transmission and transient reception, the signal is selected to be higher than A3After the signal segments are obtained, signals of a plurality of sampling points before and after each segment are additionally supplemented, and the specific additionally selected sampling point numerical value can be set according to the sampling rate of an actual system. Through the above processing, the sliced signal Y is obtainediWhere i represents different signal segments. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that a total of N segments are acquired. Finally, the system normalizes the energy of different slicing signals to obtain a signal slice with the normalized amplitude of 1, and H is a normalized coefficient.
The system then passes the previously estimated noise amplitude a1Signal amplitude A2And a normalized coefficient H, selecting transient emission and transient end parts of the signal, and recording the transient emission and transient end parts of the signal of each slice as Zi. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the transient emission and end of transient portions of the acquired signal.
According to the symbol rate of the original signal, the system draws the sampling points of the transient part on a constellation diagram after carrying out differential processing through fixed differential intervals, and forms a differential constellation trajectory diagram. The differential interval is chosen to be the symbol rate of the signal. The symbol rate of the signal can be obtained by known information or can be estimated by the bandwidth of the signal. Fig. 3 is a diagram of a differential constellation trace.
In order to be able to extract transient portions of the signal into features. The transient portion needs to be processed on the differential constellation trace diagram and converted into a fixed characteristic. Because the trace lengths of the transient parts are different, the feature points with fixed lengths need to be selected to determine the features of the transient parts. For example, the number of feature points selected is M. Then for each segment signal transient on and transient off portion ZiThe total distance length is calculated as L. Finding out a drawing point every L/M length on the original track
Due to the fact thatIn a practical system, there may be some deviation between the transient emission and the transient end portion trajectories obtained each time. In order to obtain a stable transient trajectory, averaging the results of the multi-segment sliced signal is required, which specifically includes:
fig. 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of transient emission and transient end portions averaged on a differential trace plot, respectively, and fig. 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams of transient emission and transient end portions traces depicted on a differential trace plot, respectively.
Finally, can be obtained
And storing the radio frequency fingerprint characteristics of the equipment in an equipment radio frequency fingerprint library. When a device is accessed, the fingerprint of the newly accessed device can be used
And stored in a library of device radio frequency fingerprints
And judging whether the identity of the user accords with the authentication through related operation.
In addition, the characteristics of the transient part of the device are obtained
Then, can extract
The angle value of each sample point. In the present embodiment, the curve fitting parameters of the angle values can be obtained by 3-order curve fitting, and the curve fitting parameters are stored as the characteristics of the device.
The embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for extracting and identifying the transient characteristics of the wireless equipment based on the differential constellation locus diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) acquiring a baseband signal of wireless equipment and sampling;
(2) preprocessing the sampled baseband signal to obtain statistical information of noise amplitude and signal amplitude, and extracting a transient emission part of a signal starting stage from the energy higher than the noise amplitude to the energy lower than the signal amplitude and a transient ending part of the signal ending stage from the energy lower than the signal amplitude to the energy higher than the noise amplitude;
(3) processing transient emission and transient end parts of the signals according to a fixed differential interval and then drawing the processed signals on a differential constellation locus diagram;
(4) depicting the drawn signal transient emission and transient end parts on a differential constellation locus diagram according to a fixed number of depicting points to obtain a stable signal transient change locus;
(5) taking the transient change track of the signal as the transient characteristic of the signal, and storing the transient change track of the signal in a characteristic library as the identity characteristic of the wireless equipment; or the transient change track is subjected to curve fitting to obtain curve fitting parameters as transient characteristics of the transient change track, and the curve fitting parameters are stored in a characteristic library as the identity characteristics of the wireless equipment;
(6) when equipment identity recognition is needed, comparing the transient change track or track characteristic of the signal of the wireless equipment to be recognized with the track or track characteristic stored in the characteristic library, and recognizing the identity of the wireless equipment.
2. The method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless devices based on differential constellation traces as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the sampling frequency is higher than the width of baseband signals of wireless devices.
3. The method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless devices according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the pre-processing of the sampled baseband signal comprises signal slicing the baseband signal, removing noise sampling points from the sampled signal, extracting each segment of the transmitted pulse signal in the baseband signal, and performing amplitude normalization on each segment of the transmitted pulse signal.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein each segment of the extracted pulse signal in the baseband signal at least includes a complete signal sampling point for transient transmission of the wireless device and a signal sampling point for transient termination of the wireless device, the signal sampling point for transient transmission of the wireless device refers to a signal sampling point when the signal amplitude is increased from approximately 0 to approximately 1, and the signal sampling point for transient termination of the wireless device refers to a signal sampling point when the signal amplitude is decreased from approximately 1 to approximately 0.
5. The method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless devices according to claim 3, wherein in step (4), the transient variation traces corresponding to the transient emission and transient end portions of the multi-segment transmission pulse signal are averaged to obtain the final transient variation trace.
6. The method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless devices according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the sampling points of the transient emission and transient end portions of the signal are differentiated at a fixed differential interval and then plotted on the constellation map to form the differential constellation trace map, and the differential interval is a symbol rate of the signal.
7. The method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless devices based on difference constellation trajectory diagrams as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the distances between adjacent plotted points are equal.
8. The method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless devices according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the method for extracting the characteristics of the transient variation trajectory of the signal comprises extracting an angle value of each plotted point in the transient variation trajectory of the signal, obtaining a curve fitting parameter of the angle value by curve fitting, and using the curve fitting parameter as the identity characteristic of the wireless device.
9. The method for extracting and identifying transient characteristics of wireless devices based on differential constellation trajectory diagrams as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (6), correlation coefficients between transient variation trajectories of signals of wireless devices to be identified and trajectories in a characteristic library are obtained by using correlation operations, and the identities of the wireless devices are identified based on a set correlation coefficient threshold.
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| CN110730147B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-05-04 | 南京东科优信网络安全技术研究院有限公司 | Physical layer equipment feature extraction method and device based on sampling rate deviation estimation |
| CN111163460B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-04-09 | 北京交通大学 | Radio frequency fingerprint extraction method based on multiple interval difference constellation trajectory diagram |
| CN112491757A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-12 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Method and device for extracting features of equipment and computer equipment |
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| CN102103014A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-06-22 | 苏州大学 | Detecting method for periodic transient component in signal |
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| CN101344427A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-01-14 | 苏州大学 | Method for detecting period transient state characteristic in signal |
| CN102103014A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-06-22 | 苏州大学 | Detecting method for periodic transient component in signal |
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