CN108173386A - Improve the device and method of alternating-current actuating system bearing and gear fatigue life - Google Patents
Improve the device and method of alternating-current actuating system bearing and gear fatigue life Download PDFInfo
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- CN108173386A CN108173386A CN201810024630.0A CN201810024630A CN108173386A CN 108173386 A CN108173386 A CN 108173386A CN 201810024630 A CN201810024630 A CN 201810024630A CN 108173386 A CN108173386 A CN 108173386A
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- Prior art keywords
- gear
- bearing
- conductive fiber
- fatigue life
- motor
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/32—Balls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/06—Use of materials; Use of treatments of toothed members or worms to affect their intrinsic material properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/40—Structural association with grounding devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of AC Drive drive system of inverter power supply, more particularly to a kind of this system bearing ability of improvement and the device and method of fatigue life.The device is mainly made of AC driven motor system, bearing arrangement, gear train and four part of earthed system.Electric system includes AC induction motor 3 and thin plate shaft coupling 4；Bearing arrangement mainly includes ball bearing 1,9 and cylinder roller bearing 6,8,12 and 14；Gear train includes gear shaft 7 and gear wheel 11；Earthed system is mainly comprising conductive fiber ground loop 5,7 non-motor side of gear shaft ground connection conductive fiber brush 10 and the ground connection conductive fiber brush 13 and 15 at main shaft both ends between motor anti-drive end ground connection conductive fiber brush 2, thin plate shaft coupling 4 and gear shaft 7.The device considers influence of the electric current galvanic corrosion to bearing and transmission life at design initial stage, improves fatigue life and the reliability of alternating-current actuating system using inverter power supply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is related with the bearing and gear of the AC Drive drive system of inverter power supply, is related to a kind of improve and exchanges
Transmission system bearing capacity and the method for fatigue life.
Background technology
In recent years, the AC Drive of inverter power supply being made of insulated gate bipolar transistor etc. (IGBT) deflector element
System is widely used in the driving devices transmission system such as high-speed EMUs, communications and transportation, petroleum and petrochemical industry.Such transmission system
By the alternating current generator of inverter power supply as power, the rolling system being made of bearing and gear is driven, to transmit load.
Bearing and gear are most important mechanical parts in AC Drive drive system, have higher load-bearing energy
Power and fatigue life are for ensureing that AC Drive drive system is very important safely.
The one mode of the failure of said elements is spot corrosion fatigue or peels off, it is characterized in that contact surface is gone due to material
Remove and generate the spot corrosion pitting of depth and limited area, the reason of failure is caused by shear stress under contact surface.
The AC Drive drive system of the inverter power supply of the deflector elements such as IGBT composition is employed, failure is not only
Due to spot corrosion fatigue caused by mechanical damage or peel off, but the mechanical fatigue under electrical erosion.Electrical erosion mainly due to
Alternating current generator under inverter effect the harmonic current that generates and additional sensing electric current not rationally ground connection removal when, flow through bearing and
The rolling system element such as gear causes caused by galvanic corrosion.
Previous improvements bearing and the method for spur roller gear system due to not considering electrical erosion in terms of influence, enhance
Bearing capacity and the method for fatigue life will have a greatly reduced quality.For this purpose, invention one kind not only considered bearing and gear electrical erosion but also
The method of related elements contact hardness is considered, to improve the alternating-current actuating system gear of IGBT inverter power supplies and loading ability of bearing energy
Power and fatigue life.
Invention content
When the electric current that motor generates flows through the bearing and gear in drive system, point corrosion pit can be generated in contact surface, made
It is damaged into contact surface, hardness reduces, so as to further deteriorate fatigue life.
The hardness of material plays a very important role in terms of the fatigue for determining rolling element, the fatigue life of rolling element and
Load carrying capacity increases therewith the hardness of material and is increased.In addition, material resists the ability of plastic deformation also with hardness
Increase and increase.One conclusion is exactly to follow one's inclinations between deformability that there is reversed relationships in fatigue life and resisting.Material
The ability that hardness resists plastic deformation in other words is double-edged sword for fatigue life and load carrying capacity：On the one hand, with
The hardness of material reduces, and due to reducing the intensity of material, fatigue life can also reduce；But the ability of resistance to deformation reduces
While its contact stress can also reduce, contact stress reduction can increase fatigue life instead.
Therefore, first purpose of the invention be propose one kind can maximum possible eliminate current of electric to gear and bearing
The method of rolling system contact surface galvanic corrosion destroying infection.
Second object of the present invention is galvanic corrosion Stress Correction Coefficient when proposing to carry out bearing life calculating, is included in
Into the corresponding bearing life calculation formula of ISO281.
Third object of the present invention is exactly to propose a kind of side for improving drive part gear fatigue life and bearing capacity
Method.
It is that consider in original direct current generator drive system can be with first in short, the above-mentioned and other purposes of the present invention
Ignore, and in the very important current of electric of the AC Drive motor shaft of inverter power supply.By using insulation bearing or set
Rational current earthing path, removal or reduction bearing galvanic corrosion risk are counted, prevents contact surface fatigue failure.Consider bearing galvanic corrosion
Influence to bearing and gear fatigue life introduces galvanic corrosion Stress Correction Coefficient a when bearing life calculateselectric.It is in addition, logical
The hardness that each element in rolling element system is heat-treated to and is substantially the same is crossed, those are then born into higher number Cyclic Stress
Element heat treatment after the hardness number of element of the Rockwell hardness C value than being engaged with low by 1 to 2 realize.
By using the present invention method, according to alternating current generator generate various electric currents principle and flow through path, take
Targetedly specific elimination or mitigation strategy, reduce its influence to bearing and Gear Electric-erosion.By introducing galvanic corrosion correction factor
aelectriC will consider its influence to bearing life in the design phase of bearing, so that corresponding solution is taken to arrange in advance
It applies, to make the bearing of design that can meet design requirement in the environment of having electrical erosion.
Simultaneously by rational heat treatment process, the optimal combination of material hardness and the compressive residual stress generated is obtained,
So as to improve the fatigue life of the bearing of rolling element system and gear and load carrying capacity.
Technical scheme of the present invention is realized by following three aspects：
1. clear and definite inverter power supply drive system bearing and Gear Contact surface lifetime are impacted electric current type and
Current path.Take corresponding alleviate and removing measure for different current type types and current path, it is ensured that bearing and
Spur roller gear contact surface is not exposed to the influence of galvanic corrosion.
2. by introducing corresponding galvanic corrosion Stress Correction Coefficient a in bearing fatigue life calculation formulaelectric, to axis
When holding progress service life calculating, influence of the electrical erosion to bearing life is just considered, so as to ensure bearing and tooth from the beginning
The bearing capacity of wheel system and fatigue life.
3. being found by carrying out analysis to many test datas, in the rolling element system that bearing and gear form, bear
When the Rockwell hardness number of the element of more stress loading will be less than 1 to 2 point values of element for bearing less stress-number of cycles,
The fatigue life of whole system is highest.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 installs the drive system schematic diagram of insulation bearing and various earthing or grounding means additional.Drive system is by alternating current generator, bearing
System, gear train and four part of earthed system composition.Electric system is mainly AC induction motor 3 and thin plate shaft coupling 4；Axis
System is held mainly comprising insulation ball bearing 1,9 and insulative cylinders roller bearing 6,8,12 and 14；Gear train includes gear shaft
7 and gear wheel 11；Earthed system is mainly comprising motor anti-drive end ground connection conductive fiber brush 2, motor thin sheet shaft coupling and gear
The non-motor side ground connection conductive fiber brush 10 of between centers conductive fiber ground loop 5, gear shaft and the ground connection conductive fiber at main shaft both ends
Brush 13 and 15,16 is shaft current path.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment is illustrated with reference to attached drawing 1.Fig. 1, which is shown, installs suitable electrical grounding path and corresponding additional
Insulation or the driving device schematic diagram of combined bearing.
Approach 1：It is eliminated using insulation bearing and suitable earthing or grounding means or inhibits motor bearing current.
In order to cut off bearing current path 16 or by shaft current effective grounding, in figure, tape insulation coating be respectively adopted
Bearing 1,6,8,9,12 and 14, insulation use to connect to cut off current path thin plate shaft coupling 4 and motor shaft connection place.
Conductive fiber is installed to 7 anti-drive end adjunction of motor shaft between conductive fiber brush 2, the driving end of motor shaft 7 and thin plate shaft coupling 4 to connect
Ground ring 5,7 non-motor side of gear shaft installation conductive fiber earthed brush 10 install conductive fiber earthed brush 13 and 15 at main shaft both ends
Removal shaft current is shifted in the measures of grade.
Approach 2：By introducing galvanic corrosion Stress Correction Coefficient aelectric
When considering that bearing and gear can suffer from galvanic corrosion influence, traditional international standard ISO281 calculates the tired longevity of bearing
Formula is ordered such as shown in (1), does not consider the influence of bearing galvanic corrosion factor:
Lna=a1·a2·a3·L (1)
a1It is failure probability coefficient；a2For material coefficient；a3For service factor；LnaThe longevity that (modified) reaches
Life (106Turn)；L is the rated life time.
To consider influence of the shaft current to the bearing galvanic corrosion service life, electrical erosion correction factor is introduced in this formula (1)
aelectric, then consider the bearing fatigue life calculation formula of shaft current：
Lna,electric=aelectric·a1·a2·a3·L
(2)
aelectricNumerical value according to can determine that numerical value changes between 0~1 according to test data and practice data.
Approach 3：Do not consider that shaft current influences, manufacture as Fig. 1 four-point contact balls 1,9 and cylinder roller bearing 6,8,
It when 12 and 14, can be hardened high carbon chromium steel billet using GCr15 etc., first manufacture annular steel billet.Then steel billet is heat-treated, at heat
Rockwell hardness HRC values after reason are 58 or higher.For bearing, this hardness values is acceptable, in normal bearing
Under performance load, Bu Shi impressions will not usually occur for such hardened material.Finally by annular steel billet by fine grinding to inner ring and
Outer ring concrete regulation size.
Ball is between Internal and external cycle, is positioned by retainer.Rolling element can be ball or form deep groove ball bearing with master
It bears radial load or forms 4 angular contact ball bearings, bear radial direction and thrust load.Rolling element can also be cylinder rolling
Son is to form roller bearing.
The ball of bearing usually has the high-carbon chromium steel cylinder steel billet that hardens of rough forge, is molded in two hemisphere swage dies
And it carries out corase grinding and reaches required shape.After the spherical steel billet of acquisition is heat-treated, hardness is approximately equal to the hard of Internal and external cycle
Degree.Rockwell hardness C value finally carries out final smoothing and polishing usually between 58 to 66.
Each roller of cylinder is heat-treated and is surface-treated in a similar manner.Cylindrical steel billet uses big with ball ball steel billet
The consistent mode of body is heat-treated.Then, steel billet is by grinding and being surface-treated the geometric shape needed for obtaining and size.
Past is it is believed that obtain maximum fatigue life and load carrying capacity, in the feelings for not causing brittleness
Under condition, bearing ring and rolling element should have obtainable highest hardness.This means that bearing ring and ball hardness should be
Rockwell hardness C value 66.But the too high brittleness that can increase material of hardness.
The method proposed in invention all will be made to Internal and external cycle and ball steel billet by the high-carbon steel that can be hardened, carry out heat
It handles roughly the same for hardness.This hardness number, which needs not be, can obtain highest hardness value.But to be at least more than Rockwell hardness HRC
60.Then, temper is carried out to Internal and external cycle, Rockwell hardness C value is lower by 1 to 2 than the Rockwell hardness number of rolling element.Bearing holder (housing, cover)
The hardness number of circle can be selected based on the bearing limit with temperature, and the hardness of other elements is corresponding with reference to the value of bearing Internal and external cycle
To determine.After selected, rolling element and other elements are by being ground to the shape and surface roughness that it is needed, then according to upper
The method for stating elaboration assembles each element.Another method, after grinding and surface treatment, before assembling, by Internal and external cycle
RHC hardness numbers 1 to 2 values lower than rolling element hardness after tempering.
Certain point on bearing ring can bear more Cyclic Stress, and inner ring is held than outer ring than any point on rolling element
By more Cyclic Stress.Therefore, theoretically, the element of more Cyclic Stress its Rockwell hardness C value ratio is born to be in contact with it
Low 1 to 2 values of the element for bearing less Cyclic Stress, so that the components broken down that fails in most probable generates the region of shear stress
It is necessary to generate the larger residual compressive stress of amplitude.
Referring to Fig. 1,7 be gear shaft shown in figure, and 11 be gear wheel.When the gear teeth of gear and coupling gear or gear shaft
The gear teeth cooperation when, dynamics and rolling bearing be it is similar be in rolling contact because contact zone is existing and have sliding contact.
The difference is that in bearing, sliding speed is constant, and numerical value depends on bearing geometry and speed, and the cunning in gear
Dynamic and rolling changes with entire tooth contact.When at the contact line between two teeth at pitch circle, motion state and roller
Bearing be it is the same,
In gear manufacturing processes, the gear teeth carry out rough turn cut by the steel billet appropriately reorganized and outfit that normalizing and annealing heat-treats obtain
Go out.Then gear reaches the upper hardness limit value of its processing by heat treatment, and gear teeth final size is obtained by final cutting.It is logical
Subsequent heat treatment is not often needed to.Another method, in the practice of standard, gear can carry out hot place after thick cut
Reason based on used material, reaches maximum value.Thereafter, the gear teeth can switch to size, can be with by smooth polishing
Obtain smooth surface treatment.As rolling bearing, gear train is in order to obtain maximum fatigue life, obtained by reality
Highest hardness can be with specified in more detail.
Shown in Fig. 1, when driving operation, gear shaft 7 can bear more answer compared with its gear wheel to match 11
Power cycle-index.
Therefore, before gear train assembling shown in FIG. 1, the gear blank of gear 7 and 11 is made annealing treatment, and it is thick then to carry out the gear teeth
It cuts.Then gear is heat-treated, and reaches the upper hardness limit that can be processed.The gear teeth reach its final ruler by finishing
It is very little.
According to the present invention, gear 7 is by being tempered to HRC hardness numbers 1 to 2 points about smaller than 11 hardness number of gear.Then will
Gear is assembled into corresponding train.Another method, after thick cut, gear a reaches obtainable maximum by heat treatment
Hardness, according to the operation environment that rolling element system is final, hardness number is higher than more than 58 RHC.Gear 11 is reached by being heat-treated to
Than gear about 1 to 2 point values of 7 Rockwell hardness RHC high.Before gear is installed to gear train, by gear fine grinding to specific ruler
Very little and tolerance.
In the system using present invention side, gear 7 can carry out temper, the Rockwell hardness HRC values after temper
1 to 2 point lower than 11 hardness number of gear
If the system in Fig. 1 is deceleration system, then gear 11 is driving gear.But if this system is speedup
System, gear 7 are driving gears.In any case, after bearing the gear of more Cyclic Stress and should being just heat-treated, Rockwell hardness
C hardness numbers 1 to 2 numerical value higher than the gear engaged.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of device and method for improving alternating-current actuating system bearing and gear fatigue life, it is characterised in that:Including exchange
Driving motor system, bearing arrangement, gear train and earthed system；AC driven motor system includes AC induction motor (3)
With thin plate shaft coupling (4), thin plate shaft coupling (4) one end is connected with the rotor of AC induction motor (3), the other end and gear shaft
(7) it is connected；Bearing arrangement mainly comprising insulation ball bearing (1), (9) and insulative cylinders roller bearing (6), (8), (12) and
(14), middle (center) bearing (6), (8), (10) support gear shaft (7) jointly；Gear train includes gear shaft (7) and gear wheel (11),
Gear shaft (7) and gear wheel (11) are meshed, transfer motion power；Earthed system is mainly grounded conductive fiber comprising motor anti-drive end
The non-motor side ground connection of conductive fiber ground loop (5), gear shaft (7) is conductive fine between brush (2), thin plate shaft coupling (4) and gear shaft (7)
Dimension brush (10) and ground connection conductive fiber brush (13) and (15) at main shaft both ends.
2. a kind of device and method for improving alternating-current actuating system bearing and gear fatigue life according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：The device and method is additionally included in ball bearing in bearing arrangement (1), (9), cylinder roller bearing (6), (8),
(12) when and (14) carry out Fatigue life design, galvanic corrosion Stress Correction Coefficient a is introducedelectric, by Calculation of Fatigue Life formula Lna
=a1·a2·a3·L3It is modified to Lna,electric=aelectrica1·a2·a3·L3, aelectricValue range is 0~1.
3. a kind of device and method for improving alternating-current actuating system bearing and gear fatigue life according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：The device and method further includes ball bearing (1), (9), cylinder roller bearing (6), (8), (12) and (14) and
Gear train gear shaft (7) and gear wheel (11) all elements, when occurring to roll with sliding contact operation, certain elements bear higher number
The Cyclic Stress of value, improvement include：All elements are heat-treated.After heat treatment hardness number substantially, will bear compared with
Repeatedly the element of number Cyclic Stress is heat-treated to Rockwell hardness C value between 58 to 64, and：Other elements are heat-treated to Rockwell
Hardness HRC ratios bear high 1 to 2 numerical value of element of more number Cyclic Stress, so as to improve the drive system bearing and gear
Load carrying capacity and fatigue life.
4. a kind of device and method for improving alternating-current actuating system bearing and gear fatigue life according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：It is thin that the device and method further includes the ground connection conductive fiber brush of anti-drive end containing motor (2), motor in earthed system
Plate shaft coupling and gear between centers conductive fiber ground loop (5), gear shaft (7) non-motor side ground connection conductive fiber brush (10) and
The ground connection conductive fiber brush (13) at main shaft both ends and the mounting means and manufacturing technology of (15), these ground connection conductive fiber brushes or ring
Installation site, be to be flowed through at position in motor bearing current path (16), such earthed brush is not to add carbon using copper ring
Bar form, but conductive fiber manufacturing technology is added using aluminium ring, form have annular ground loop (5) and T-shaped earthed brush (2),
(10), (13) and (15) two kinds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810024630.0A CN108173386A (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2018-01-11 | Improve the device and method of alternating-current actuating system bearing and gear fatigue life |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810024630.0A CN108173386A (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2018-01-11 | Improve the device and method of alternating-current actuating system bearing and gear fatigue life |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108173386A true CN108173386A (en) | 2018-06-15 |
Family
ID=62518117
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810024630.0A Pending CN108173386A (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2018-01-11 | Improve the device and method of alternating-current actuating system bearing and gear fatigue life |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108173386A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11784531B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2023-10-10 | Nidec Corporation | Motor having an electrical discharging device and cover member |
| US11784532B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2023-10-10 | Nidec Corporation | Motor |
| US11990821B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2024-05-21 | Nidec Corporation | Motor |
| US11990817B2 (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2024-05-21 | Nidec Corporation | Motor and drive device |
-
2018
- 2018-01-11 CN CN201810024630.0A patent/CN108173386A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11784531B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2023-10-10 | Nidec Corporation | Motor having an electrical discharging device and cover member |
| US11784532B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2023-10-10 | Nidec Corporation | Motor |
| US11990821B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2024-05-21 | Nidec Corporation | Motor |
| US11990817B2 (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2024-05-21 | Nidec Corporation | Motor and drive device |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180615 |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |