CN108173002A - A kind of compound polarization sensitive array device based on conformal Vivaldi antennas - Google Patents
A kind of compound polarization sensitive array device based on conformal Vivaldi antennas Download PDFInfo
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- CN108173002A CN108173002A CN201711376307.1A CN201711376307A CN108173002A CN 108173002 A CN108173002 A CN 108173002A CN 201711376307 A CN201711376307 A CN 201711376307A CN 108173002 A CN108173002 A CN 108173002A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
Abstract
The present invention relates to polarization sensitive array antenna sensor technical fields,Specifically a kind of compound polarization sensitive array device based on conformal Vivaldi antennas,It is characterized in that equipped with dielectric radome,Antenna house bottom end is equipped with connection ring,Flexible dielectric substrate is equipped in antenna house,It is additionally provided with dual polarised radiation device and passive antenna and active antenna,The Vivaldi shape drivers of the back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna are such as with metal floor,Feeding microstrip line,Medium substrate and the semicircle resonant cavity of ground connection,The semicircle resonant cavity and rectangular waveguide cavity collective effect,Realize the impedance matching of Vivaldi shaped bipolar drivers,The present invention proposes a kind of coplanar wave guide feedback ultra wide band Vivaldi antenna structure conformal based on carrier,Realize the integrated design of antenna house and antenna,With compact-sized,It is suitable for the advantages of Project Realization etc. is notable.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to polarization sensitive array antenna sensor technical fields, specifically a kind of based on conformal
The compound polarization sensitive array device of Vivaldi antennas.
Background technology：
In electronic warfare, Passive Radar Seeker is guided missile completion to the critical component of capture and the tracking of target, direction finding
Target seeker is required to have the larger moment visual field, higher angle measurement accuracy and angular resolution and faster direction finding speed in the process
Degree.The modern common direction finding technology of Anti-radiation seeker includes amplitude-comparison direction finding, phase-interfer-ometer direction-finding and than width interferometer
Direction finding etc..Passive radar guidance mainly has the following：(1) attack frequency coverage is wide, the passive radar interference head equipped on bullet
Working frequency is wide, covers warning and the frequency range of antiradiation missile that fire control radar often uses；(2) can be joined according to other side's radar
Number and feature reprogramming, before transmitting, the target wavelength of predetermined attack is inputted, after transmitting target seeker just to stored frequency into
Row search, until selecting target；It (3) can standby attack.Passive radar guidance system includes guiding and control two parts, main
Feature is using passive radar homing mode.The quality of guidance system performance determines that guided missile finds target, tracking target
With jamproof ability, the precision of missile-target impact is also determined.The missile midcourse of a new generation is with global location/inertial navigation
Technical controlling, end then use dual mode guidance system instead, i.e., infrared and passive radar is compound or actively and passively radar is compound, use
To substitute traditional INS and passive radar guidance.Passive radar guidance can be only a kind of intrinsic guidance side of antiradiation missile
Formula, and GPS guidances, TV guidance, laser guidance, infrared guidance, active MMW guidance etc. other aiming means will be more
Flexibly combine therewith.Guided missile uses Compound Guidance Technology, has complementary advantages, and enhances guided missile adaptability, in this way, even if
Target radar switching-off, antiradiation missile can also greatly improve the probability for the radar that hits the mark.Compound Guidance Technology can lose mesh
Other guidance systems are continued with during the electromagnetic wave for marking radar emission to be guided, effectively to tackle various interference.It is passive to incite somebody to action
Radar seeker is combined with the guidance technologies such as Active Radar, infrared, millimeter wave, laser, TV, carries out combined guidance, improves life
Middle probability and accuracy at target.
The target seeker of passive missile is actually-a electronic reconnaissance system, and signal is carried out in complicated electromagnetic environment
Capture, sorting, identification, the emitter Signals of final selected target radar carry out strike destruction to it.Passive Radar Seeker master
It to be made of the part such as antenna, receiver, signal processor, be divided into high and low frequency two parts.In order to measure radar signal
And two drift angles in orientation and pitching of target seeker are reached, it generally requires 4 antennas or forms 1 antenna by more antennas
System.Then 1 receiver behind each antenna, to amplify the signal received.What 4 antennas and receiver channel formed
Angle measuring system measures the orientation and pitch angle of each radar pulse, forms digital code, is sent into signal processor.Target seeker high frequency
4 antenna received signals are pocessed by part, the beam signal of upper and lower two channels in left and right are formed, if guided missile is just
Alignment target, then the beam signal strength of the two channels is equal, signal through detection, amplify, subtract each other, error signal output is equal
It is zero, control system does not work.On radar seeker, in order to improve its viability, fighting capacity, Antenna Design must be with small-sized
Premised on change, low section, high-performance, low RCS.In high precision, the needs of miniaturization target seeker development and cost and capacity issue
Restriction, strapdown terminal guidance technology comes into being.The antenna that strapdown passive homer based on conformal antenna uses can be with flight
Device shell shape merges completely, meets the requirement of missile flight device aerodynamic appearance.Remove gimbal antenna stabilization system simultaneously
System, antenna beam caused by digital form disturbs body, which is directed toward deviation, to be implemented to correct in real time, and stabilized antenna wave beam is in inertia sky
Between direction.This target seeker has the characteristics that compared with common passive homer：Equipment is simple on target seeker, quality
Gently；Projectile nose space is not generally tied up, and big influence will not be generated to the performance of Active Radar antenna；It is easy to master passively to melt
It closes；Increase caliber size, be significantly reduced guided missile size and volume, reduce the limitation of servo-drive system mechanically tracking.These are special
Point determines that the strapdown passive homer based on conformal antenna can significantly improve attack performance of the radar to early warning plane, is target seeker
Development trend.With the continuous development of missilery, the confrontation in following local war based on missile armament resists with opposing
It can grow in intensity.Guided missile, which is resisted, both at home and abroad lures inclined technology to be specialized in, and main method concentrates on three aspects：Compound system
Waveguide technology, narrow beam antenna and high-resolution direction finding technology.These methods be primarily intended to through the direction finding precision that improves target seeker and
Angular resolution enables guided missile to tell radar and bait as soon as possible, for time sufficient to correcting error distance.It will polarization
Array is applied on missile homer, and target seeker is combined using one spatial domain of polarizing field and estimated using target and the polarization difference of bait
It is a kind of effective way partially that meter technology, which carries out anti-lure,.
Polarization sensitive array (polarization sensitive array, PSA) is a kind of to realize spatial domain-polarizing field
Federated filter obtains the particular array of complete polarization information, is compared with generic array, has apparent advantage.Polarization sensitive battle array
Row are a forward position popular domains of signal processing, when it has, sky and polarization multi-dimensional nature, upper to a greater extent can utilize signal
Build-in attribute and propagate information, improve radar, the electronic systems such as scouting comprehensive performance, therefore cause many related fields
The concern of scholar.For current Large Radar system, under the premise of constant in aperture, channel will necessarily be caused
Number is double, and antenna cost increases, and significantly limits its application in Large Radar system.Polarization sensitive array signal processing
Mainly include 3 aspects such as target detection, self-adaptive processing and parameter Estimation, research history can trace back to for 20th century 70 years
The work about polarity diversity is waited for first AT＆T Labs of U.S. doctor Lee, although the main application background that its research is directed to is
Wireless communication field.Subsequent research is mainly around the polarization sensitive array Wave beam forming and letter in wireless communication and electronic reconnaissance
The expansion of number multi-parameter estimation problem.On the whole, the research of polarization radar sensitization array signal processing is still in the starting stage,
Under the conditions of complex target and complex environment and model mismatch, polarization radar sensitization array Space-Time-adaptive of polarization
Research work with reception, robust adaptive beamforming, high fault tolerance multi-parameter estimation etc. is urgently carried out.
Invention content：
The present invention is directed to shortcoming and defect in the prior art, it is proposed that a kind of to make full use of valuable body
Aircraft space, antenna system configuration is reliable, is suitable for the compound polarization sensitive based on conformal Vivaldi antennas of engineering practice
Array apparatus.
The present invention can be achieved by the following measures：
A kind of compound polarization sensitive array device based on conformal Vivaldi antennas, it is characterised in that equipped with diectric antenna
Cover, antenna house bottom end are equipped with connection ring, are equipped with flexible dielectric substrate in antenna house, are additionally provided with dual polarised radiation device and passive day
Line and active antenna；
The dual polarised radiation device using semicircle resonator, by the plane semicircle resonant cavity on medium substrate with
Unload assembling and the electrical connection that are implemented in combination with two polarized radiation devices of rectangular metal cavity；
The passive antenna is quick to the polarization to incident electromagnetic wave based on being realized with the conformal anisotropy unit of antenna house
Sense, specially：The conformal more than two ultra wide band Vivaldi antenna elements of installation, ultra wide band Vivaldi antenna elements in antenna house
The polarization sensitive to incoming electromagnetic signal is realized in equidistantly arrangement by the anisotropy of array element；Ultra wide band Vivaldi days
Line unit is the conformal Vivaldi antennas fed using coplanar waveguide transmission line, and the feed area of conformal Vivaldi antennas is transmitted
Area and radiation area are placed on the same side of flexible dielectric substrate, Vivaldi antenna elements front by exposure and with
The wide line of rabbet joint resonant cavity body in exposure end is formed, and the back side is made of microstrip line and fan-shaped minor matters, is printed respectively
It in the both sides of dielectric-slab, is fed by way of electromagnetic coupling, since the characteristic impedance of the line of rabbet joint is larger, it is difficult to match, therefore add
Circular cavity is carried as short circuit termination, micro-strip terminal is using fan-shaped minor matters as open circuit termination；
The active antenna realizes two orthogonally polarized components to incident electromagnetic wave using quadrature dualpolarized antenna element
Perception and reception；
Central space in antenna house arranges dual-polarized phased array, which uses active work
Make mode；
Dual polarised radiation device is not directly contacted with dielectric radome, coaxial wire terminal be directly installed in metal connection ring and
It is connect with co-planar waveguide.
The Vivaldi antennas based on coplanar wave guide feedback of each plane are equipped in the conformal Vivaldi antennas of the present invention
The loudspeaker hatch frame in gradual change gap, the resonator of tuning, for realizing the impedance matching in broadband, coplanar wave guide transmission
The terminal access coaxial transmission wire terminal of line, wherein coplanar waveguide transmission line.
TEM waves subject to the transmission main mould of co-planar waveguide of the present invention, and there is no upper lower limiting frequency, in co-planar waveguide
Thickness of the h for medium substrate, εrDielectric constant for dielectric-slab.The width in w gaps between earth plate and center conduction band, s are
The width of center conduction band, the characteristic impedance calculation formula of co-planar waveguide are：
The present invention is using back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna as radiator elements, the dual polarization phase of design plane type
Array antenna array is controlled, realizes fast beam scanning, while antenna has polarization sensitive, the polarization of detectable echo signal is believed
Breath；The working frequency points f of the back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna0, using the driver of Vivaldi antenna patterns, excitation
Rectangular-wave resonant cavity body, it is d that the height of metal waveguide resonant cavity is differed with the height of the driver of Vivaldi shapes, is led to
Size d is crossed, can realize the polarization signal of good impedance matching and directional diagram.
The present invention uses the impedance transformer of micro-strip-line of rabbet joint, when which feeds, 50 Ω
Coaxial cable is directly connected to microstrip line, so the port input impedance of microstrip line will be matched with coaxial cable, so in input terminal
Place, according to equivalent circuit method, it is known that wmicAbout 0.8mm, so the structural parameters of a feed line impedance converter share θm、rm、
hm、hs、wmAnd wslSeveral parameters, in order to realize dual polarized antenna, two pairs of single-polarized antennas orthogonal can be put at center
It puts, the length of the line of rabbet joint will meet the requirement of the height more than feeder line sector, double in order to realize the preferable isolation of dual polarized antenna
In poliarizing antenna the feeder line of each antenna element cannot with the antenna element orthogonal with it feeder line distance it is too near, so setting
When counting this back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna, antenna and the common h of antennamIt needs to do some adjustment, in order to two
Antenna element is orthogonally located to be independent of each other.
The Vivaldi shapes driver of back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna of the present invention such as with metal floor,
Feeding microstrip line, medium substrate and the semicircle resonant cavity of ground connection, the semicircle resonant cavity and rectangular waveguide cavity are common
The impedance matching of Vivaldi shaped bipolar drivers is realized in effect.
The present invention proposes a kind of coplanar wave guide feedback ultra wide band Vivaldi antenna structure conformal based on carrier, realizes
The integrated design of antenna house and antenna has the advantages that compact-sized, to be suitable for Project Realization etc. notable.
Description of the drawings：
Attached drawing 1 is passive antenna array structure model conformal with antenna house in the present invention.
Attached drawing 2 is the conformal antenna structural model concealed after antenna house.
Attached drawing 3 is coplanar wave guide feedback Vivaldi antenna unit structure models.
Attached drawing 4 is coplanar waveguide structure schematic diagram.
Attached drawing 5 is the 3 D electromagnetic simulation model of metal waveguide back cavity type dual polarized antenna.
Attached drawing 6 is a sectional view of dual polarization waveguide back cavity formula antenna.
Attached drawing 7 is Vivaldi antenna feed impedance converter schematic diagrames, wherein 7 (a) is traditional Vivaldi feeders,
7 (b) is novel Vivaldi feeders.
Attached drawing 8 is dual polarization back cavity type antenna Vivaldi exciter structure models.
Attached drawing 9 is the phased array antenna structure model based on dual polarization back cavity type waveguide bore.
Attached drawing 10 be in the embodiment of the present invention plane ultra-wideband Vivaldi antennas in frequency f1The radiation characteristic emulation knot at place
Fruit.
Attached drawing 11 be in the embodiment of the present invention plane ultra-wideband Vivaldi antennas in frequency f2The radiation characteristic emulation knot at place
Fruit.
Attached drawing 12 be in the embodiment of the present invention conformal ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas in frequency f1The radiation characteristic emulation knot at place
Fruit.
Attached drawing 13 be in the embodiment of the present invention conformal ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas in frequency f2The radiation characteristic emulation knot at place
Fruit.
Attached drawing 14 is the voltage standing wave ratio simulation result of middle port of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Attached drawing 15 is the voltage standing wave ratio simulation result of middle port of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Attached drawing 16 is the simulation result of isolation between middle port of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and 2.
Attached drawing 17 is the antenna pattern of dual polarized antenna at centre frequency in the embodiment of the present invention.
Attached drawing 18 is the wave beam of the azimuth plane of dual-polarized array port 1 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Attached drawing 19 is the wave beam of the azimuth plane of dual-polarized array port 2 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral：1 is dielectric radome, and 2 be the connection ring of antenna house, and 3 be conformal Vivaldi antennas, and 4 be coplanar wave
Feed Vivaldi antenna horn opening gradual changes gap is led, 5 be resonator, and 6 be the co-planar waveguide of feed, and 7 is bipolar for metal waveguide
Change the back of the body chamber of antenna, 8 be dual-polarized driver.
Specific embodiment：
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention proposes a kind of active-passive composite polarization sensitive array dress based on the conformal Vivaldi antennas of ultra wide band
It puts, it can be used for the fields such as guidance radar active-passive composite detection guidance.The groundwork of the present invention is to propose a kind of structure
Compact combined type polarization sensitive antenna scheme is, it can be achieved that covering and visiting to the wide-band and wide-angle electromagnetism that detect target
It surveys.According to the geometry and size of the antenna house of guidance radar system, devise super with the conformal installation of antenna cover inner surface
Broadband Vivaldi antenna elements；For the ease of realize feed of the ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas under the conditions of antenna house is conformal and
With the connection of coaxial wire terminal, the present invention devises a kind of novel Vivaldi antenna structures based on coplanar wave guide feedback.It is super
Broadband passive radar antenna is arranged in antenna inner surface and equidistantly arrangement, by the anisotropy of array element, realizes to entering radio
The polarization sensitive of magnetic signal realizes the direction of arrival and polarization parameter to radiation source using complete polarization Digital Signal Processing
Combined estimator.In order to solve the problems, such as the shutdown of radiation source, the central space in antenna house arranges dual-polarized phased array
Row, the dual-polarized phased array use active mode, are closely realizing accurately detecting and guiding to unfriendly target.
The structure of active-passive composite polarization sensitive array designed in the present invention takes full advantage of the space of antenna platform, can solve to lead
The collaborative work problem of passive combined antenna system.The passive antenna array structure conformal with antenna house that the present invention designs is as schemed
Shown in 1, Fig. 2 is the conformal antenna structural model concealed after antenna house.
Vivaldi antennas can be divided into feed area, waveguide section and radiation area from structure.Antenna element front is by index
Transition line and the line of rabbet joint resonant cavity body wide with exposure end are formed.The back side is by microstrip line and fan-shaped minor matters structure
Into being respectively printed at the both sides of dielectric-slab, fed by way of electromagnetic coupling.Since the characteristic impedance of the line of rabbet joint is larger, it is difficult to
Matching, therefore circular cavity is loaded as short circuit termination.Micro-strip terminal is using fan-shaped minor matters as open circuit termination.Vivaldi days
Line has the characteristics such as small, light-weight, low section, is easy to conformal.Conventional Vivaldi antennas are two-sided structure, using electricity
Magnetic-coupled feeding classification, when being in close contact with dielectric radome, antenna couples seriously with antenna house, and feed area is sensitive, and
Microstrip line is processed difficult to install with coaxially connected place.The present invention devise it is a kind of fed using coplanar waveguide transmission line it is conformal
Feed area and transmission range and radiation area are placed on the same side of flexible dielectric substrate, antenna by Vivaldi antenna structures, the structure
Metallic radiator is not directly contacted with dielectric radome, and the boundary condition of antenna radiator is improved；It is presented using co-planar waveguide
When electric, convenient for being connected with co-planar waveguide, coaxial wire terminal can be directly mounted in the metal connection ring of antenna house for coaxial wire terminal,
It is compact-sized, it is solid and reliable；The Vivaldi antennas based on coplanar wave guide feedback of plane are as shown in figure 3, in figure 3,4 are
The loudspeaker hatch frame in gradual change gap, 5 be the resonator of tuning, and for realizing the impedance matching in broadband, 5 be co-planar waveguide
Transmission line, terminal access coaxial transmission wire terminal；Under dielectric radome mounting condition, the radiation port of Vivaldi transmission lines
Diameter field changes, and coplanar waveguide transmission line becomes curved from plane, characteristic impedance, propagation constant and phase wavelength all and
The electromagnetic parameter of antenna house is related with dimensional structure, and full-wave electromagnetic emulation technology need to be used to design and optimize and realized；Broadband
The boundary condition that Vivaldi radiators face includes dielectric radome, flexible dielectric substrate and metal connection ring etc., electromagnetism ring
Border is particularly complicated, need to use the technique study of full-wave electromagnetic emulation and experimental simulation.
Co-planar waveguide belongs to one kind of microwave integrated transmission-line.Compared with conventional microstrip transmission line, it has the advantage that：Altogether
The signal transmssion line and earth plate that surface wave is led medium substrate homonymy, unlike coaxial feed needs puncturing technique to handle.So
Coplanar waveguide structure is simple, designs handling ease, convenient for integrated.Coplanar wave guide feedback has higher design flexibility, can be with
By adjusting the gap width between the width of micro-strip signal transmssion line among co-planar waveguide and signal wire and earth plate, end is realized
Mouth impedance matching.Co-planar waveguide radiation loss is relatively low, characteristic impedance influenced by medium substrate height it is little.The biography of co-planar waveguide
TEM waves subject to defeated main mould, and without upper lower limiting frequency.Co-planar waveguide concrete structure schematic diagram is as shown in figure 4, wherein h is
The thickness of medium substrate, εrDielectric constant for dielectric-slab.The width in w gaps between earth plate and center conduction band, centered on s
The width of conduction band.The stringent characteristic impedance for calculating co-planar waveguide is sufficiently complex, when assuming that during its earth plate infinity, approximation meter
Calculating formula is：
The characteristic of dual polarized antenna system be antenna system have polarization sensitive, antenna be dual polarization operating mode, energy
Dual-polarized transmitting and receiving channel are enough provided, polarized signal processing when can realize transmitting polarization agile, receive, thus it is double
Polarimetric radar has apparent superiority in low probability of intercept, object detection and recognition, anti-electric self-interference etc., represents not
Carry out the developing direction of radar seeker.The task of dual polarization Phased Array Radar Antenna is to form active probe wave beam, to target into
Row detection, identification and tracking.The common angle-measuring method that Active Radar uses at present is Monopulse estimation system.Using Digital Arrays
Under conditions of row radar, the design of antenna element needs to consider beam angle, polarization interport isolation, cross polarization level, day
The problems such as feeding classification and mechanical structure of spacing, dual polarization port between line unit.The present invention is bipolar using back cavity type
Change waveguide aperture antenna as radiator elements, the dual polarization phased-array antenna array of design plane type realizes that fast beam is swept
It retouches, while antenna has polarization sensitive, the polarization information of detectable echo signal.
The working frequency points f of back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna that the present invention designs0, using Vivaldi antenna patterns
Driver, encourage rectangular-wave resonant cavity body, the structural unit of integrated antenna is as shown in figure 5, in order to show that back cavity type is bipolar
Change the internal structure of waveguide aperture antenna, Fig. 6 gives a sectional view of back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna.
In the design of Vivaldi shapes driver, dual polarization driver is realized using printed circuit technique.The height of metal waveguide resonant cavity
It is d that degree is differed with the height of the driver of Vivaldi shapes, by size d, can realize good impedance matching and directional diagram
Polarization signal.The feed structure of common Vivaldi antennas mainly divides three kinds of forms：(1) coaxial line-line of rabbet joint feed, (2) are common
Surface wave leads-line of rabbet joint feed, (3) microstrip line-line of rabbet joint feed.Typical Vivaldi antennas are the feed structures with microstrip line turn trough line
It is fed.This antenna feed section is made of three parts：(1) microstrip line-line of rabbet joint converter；(2) microstrip stubs；
(3) line of rabbet joint resonator.In the design process of Vivaldi antennas, due to feed structure influence high frequency performance so its feed is tied
The design of structure will directly affect the radiation characteristic of antenna.In microwave engineering, the line of rabbet joint is a kind of suitable for microwave integrated circuit
Planar transmission cable architecture, it is to be covered with metal conductor layer on one side on the higher dielectric substrate of dielectric constant, is carved in the above
One narrow slot, this transmission line thus formed are then covered in the another side of dielectric substrate without metal layer.The line of rabbet joint is described
Transmission parameter mainly has characteristic impedance and relative wavelength ratioλsFor the waveguide wavelength in the line of rabbet joint, λ0Wavelength for free space.
For the line of rabbet joint, have：
Wherein εrRelative dielectric constant for dielectric substrate.General εr>=1, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the line of rabbet joint is always than certainly
It is small by the electromagnetic wavelength in space, since electromagnetic field tightly gathers near the line of rabbet joint, its radiation loss also very little, with microstrip line very
Quite.The impedance transformer of one micro-strip-line of rabbet joint of this Project design, as shown in Figure 7.The back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna
During feed, 50 Ω coaxial cables are directly connected to microstrip line, so the port input impedance of microstrip line will be matched with coaxial cable, therefore
And in input end, according to equivalent circuit method, it is known that wmicAbout 0.8mm.So structural parameters of a feed line impedance converter
Shared θm、rm、hm、hs、wmAnd wslEtc. parameters.In order to realize dual polarized antenna, two pairs of single-polarized antennas can be at center
It is orthogonally located, the length of the line of rabbet joint will meet the requirement of the height more than feeder line sector.In the design of dual polarized antenna, in order to
Realize the preferable isolation of dual polarized antenna, the feeder line of each antenna element cannot be the same as the day orthogonal with it in dual polarized antenna
The feeder line distance of line unit is too near, so when designing this back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna, antenna is common with antenna
HmIt needs to do some adjustment, be independent of each other in order to which two antenna elements are orthogonally located.Back cavity type dual polarization waveguide bore day
The Vivaldi shapes driver of line is as shown in figure 8, in Fig. 8, and 9 be metal floor, and 10 be feeding microstrip line, and 11 be medium substrate,
12 be the semicircle resonant cavity of ground connection, the semicircle resonant cavity and rectangular waveguide cavity collective effect, realizes Vivaldi shapes
The impedance matching of dual polarization driver.The planar bipolar back cavity type waveguide bore phased array antenna structure rice type that the present invention designs
As shown in Figure 9.
Embodiment：
The present invention devises a specifically active-passive composite polarization sensitive battle array based on conformal ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas
Array structure device has carried out performance simulation and optimization design, emulation experiment using full-wave electromagnetic simulation software to the aerial array
The result verification feasibility and validity of polarization sensitive array antenna assembly proposed by the invention.
It is f that the coplanar wave guide feedback plane ultra-wideband Vivaldi antennas of design, which are set forth, in frequency in Figure 10 and Figure 111
Place and f2The antenna pattern simulation result at place.In two working frequency points, the increasing of the conformal ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas of design
Benefit respectively may be about 5.29dB and 5.24dB, and main radiation direction is more than 20dB, has good linear polarization characteristics.It is f in frequency1
Place, the half-power beam width of the ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas of design in xoz faces and yoz faces respectively may be about 76 degree and 105 degree.
It is f in frequency2Place, the half-power beam width of the ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas of design in xoz faces and yoz faces respectively may be about 77
It spends and 145 degree.
With the conformal stage+module of antenna house under the conditions of, the radiation direction of ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas that designs of the present invention
Respectively as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13, it in frequency is f that Figure 12 and Figure 13 are respectively to figure1Place and f2The antenna pattern simulation result at place.
In two working frequency points, the gain of the broadband LPDA of design respectively may be about 6.7dB and 10.4dB, and polarization characteristic is with space bit
Acute variation occurs for the variation put, and illustrates under the conditions of conformal, it is necessary to the signal parameter of radar is realized using digital compensation technique
It measures.It is f in frequency1Place, the conformal ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas of design are in the half-power beam width in xoz faces and yoz faces point
It Yue Wei not be 45 degree and 40 degree.It is f in frequency2Place, the ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas A of design is in the half-power in xoz faces and yoz faces
Beam angle respectively may be about 28 degree and 30 degree.As can be seen that after introducing dielectric radome, the direction of ultra wide band Vivaldi antennas
Figure either all varies widely in terms of amplitude, phase or polarization, and larger fluctuating and fluctuation occurs in directional diagram, need to draw
Enter digital compensation technique.
The simulation result of the port 1 of present invention design dual polarized antenna and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of port 2 is respectively such as
Shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15.Isolation between port 1 and port 2 is as shown in figure 16.In bandwidth of operation, port 1 and port 2
Voltage standing wave ratio is about 2, and interport isolation is more than 20dB.
At frequency, the antenna pattern characteristic Simulation result of dual polarized antenna is as shown in figure 17 at center.Port 1 and 2 is equal
Show width beam performance；With the raising of working frequency, wave beam narrows, though gain is improved, variation is smaller.
The beam scanning simulation result of two polarization ports in center frequency point is set forth in Figure 18 and Figure 19, can see
Go out, two polarization ports realize the beam scanning of larger space range, realize dual-polarized operating mode.
In conclusion the present invention propose it is a kind of based on the conformal Vivaldi antennas of ultra wide band active-passive composite polarization it is quick
Array apparatus is felt, using the broadband Vivaldi antenna conformal with antenna cover inner surface and dual polarization wave-guide cavity wave formula phased array day
The compound scheme of linear array realizes broad beam covering, polarization sensitive and signal measuring multiple parameters work(in ultra wide band frequency
Can, the present invention has novelty on based on the polarization sensitive array implementation on missile flight device platform.Present invention design
A kind of coplanar wave guide feedback ultra wide band Vivaldi antenna structure conformal based on carrier, realizes the one of antenna house and antenna
Bodyization designs, compact-sized, be suitable for Project Realization, while using the anisotropy of each conformal antenna array element, realize to entering
The polarization sensitive of radio magnetic signal realizes direction of arrival and polarization to incoming signal using complete polarization Digital Signal Processing
The Combined estimator of parameter.In Active Radar Antenna Design, the present invention devises a kind of back cavity type waveguide bore dual polarized antenna,
Have many advantages, such as that radiation efficiency is high, cross polarization level is low and be suitable for phased array application, have on Active Radar Antenna Design
There is innovation and practicality.The present invention is suitable for spaceborne, airborne, missile-borne with other relevant radio direction-finding systems, has more
For comprehensive parameter measurement function and the adaptability of platform.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of compound polarization sensitive array device based on conformal Vivaldi antennas, it is characterised in that equipped with dielectric radome,
Antenna house bottom end is equipped with connection ring, is equipped with flexible dielectric substrate in antenna house, is additionally provided with dual polarised radiation device and passive antenna
And active antenna；
The dual polarised radiation device passes through the plane semicircle resonant cavity and rectangle on medium substrate using semicircle resonator
Unload assembling and the electrical connection that are implemented in combination with two polarized radiation devices of metal cavity；
The passive antenna is realized based on the anisotropy unit conformal with antenna house to the polarization sensitive to incident electromagnetic wave, tool
Body is：In antenna house between the conformal more than two ultra wide band Vivaldi antenna elements of installation, ultra wide band Vivaldi antenna elements etc.
Away from arrangement, the polarization sensitive to incoming electromagnetic signal is realized by the anisotropy of array element；The ultra wide band Vivaldi antenna lists
Member is the conformal Vivaldi antennas that are fed using coplanar waveguide transmission line, the feed areas of conformal Vivaldi antennas, transmission range with
And radiation area is placed on the same side of flexible dielectric substrate, Vivaldi antenna elements front is by exposure and and index
The wide line of rabbet joint resonant cavity body in transition line end is formed, and the back side is made of microstrip line and fan-shaped minor matters, is respectively printed at Jie
The both sides of scutum, are fed by way of electromagnetic coupling, since the characteristic impedance of the line of rabbet joint is larger, it is difficult to be matched, therefore be loaded circle
Shape cavity is as short circuit termination, and micro-strip terminal is using fan-shaped minor matters as open circuit termination；
The active antenna realizes the sense to two orthogonally polarized components of incident electromagnetic wave using quadrature dualpolarized antenna element
Know and receive；
Central space in antenna house arranges dual-polarized phased array, which uses active side
Formula；
Dual polarised radiation device is not directly contacted with dielectric radome, and coaxial wire terminal is directly installed in metal connection ring and together
Surface wave leads connection.
2. a kind of according to claim 11, compound polarization sensitive array device based on conformal Vivaldi antennas, special
Sign is that the Vivaldi antennas based on coplanar wave guide feedback of each plane in conformal Vivaldi antennas are equipped with gradual change gap
Loudspeaker hatch frame, tuning resonator, for realizing the impedance matching in broadband, coplanar waveguide transmission line, wherein common
The terminal access coaxial transmission wire terminal of coplanar waveguide transmission line.
3. a kind of according to claim 11, compound polarization sensitive array device based on conformal Vivaldi antennas, special
It levies and is TEM waves subject to the transmission main mould of the co-planar waveguide, and no upper lower limiting frequency, h is medium in co-planar waveguide
The thickness of substrate, εrDielectric constant for dielectric-slab.The width in w gaps between earth plate and center conduction band, conduction band centered on s
Width, the characteristic impedance calculation formula of co-planar waveguide is：
4. a kind of according to claim 11, compound polarization sensitive array device based on conformal Vivaldi antennas, special
Sign is using back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna as radiator elements, the dual polarization phased array antenna of design plane type
Array realizes fast beam scanning, while antenna has polarization sensitive, the polarization information of detectable echo signal；The back of the body
The working frequency points f of cavate dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna0, using the driver of Vivaldi antenna patterns, excitation rectangular waveguide is humorous
Shake cavity, and it is d that the height of metal waveguide resonant cavity is differed with the height of the driver of Vivaldi shapes, can by size d
To realize the polarization signal of good impedance matching and directional diagram.
5. a kind of according to claim 11, compound polarization sensitive array device based on conformal Vivaldi antennas, special
Sign is the impedance transformer using micro-strip-line of rabbet joint, when which feeds, 50 Ω coaxial cables
Microstrip line is directly connected to, so the port input impedance of microstrip line will be matched with coaxial cable, so in input end, according to etc.
Imitate circuit method, it is known that wmicAbout 0.8mm, so the structural parameters of a feed line impedance converter share θm、rm、hm、hs、wmWith
wslSeveral parameters, in order to realize dual polarized antenna, two pairs of single-polarized antennas at center can be orthogonally located, the length of the line of rabbet joint
Degree will meet the requirement of height more than feeder line sector, in order to realize the preferable isolation of dual polarized antenna, in dual polarized antenna
The feeder line of each antenna element cannot with the antenna element orthogonal with it feeder line distance it is too near, so designing this back of the body chamber
During formula dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna, antenna and the common h of antennamIt needs to do some adjustment, in order to two antenna elements just
It hands over to place and be independent of each other.
6. a kind of according to claim 11, compound polarization sensitive array device based on conformal Vivaldi antennas, special
Sign is the Vivaldi shapes driver of the back cavity type dual polarization waveguide aperture antenna such as with metal floor, fed microstrip
Line, medium substrate and the semicircle resonant cavity of ground connection, the semicircle resonant cavity and rectangular waveguide cavity collective effect, are realized
The impedance matching of Vivaldi shaped bipolar drivers.
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| CN106654552A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-10 | 中电科技扬州宝军电子有限公司 | Built-in annular monopulse antenna |
| CN109390673A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-26 | 成都北斗天线工程技术有限公司 | A kind of conformal medium resonator antenna of spill and its working method |
| CN110112561A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-09 | 昆山瀚德通信科技有限公司 | A kind of single-polarized antenna |
| CN111969335A (en) * | 2020-08-16 | 2020-11-20 | 西安电子科技大学 | Conformal dual-polarized two-dimensional single-pulse end-fire array antenna |
| CN112421202A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Low-profile conformal array antenna with any shape |
| CN113540823A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-22 | 上海航天电子有限公司 | Small Vivaldi array antenna with unevenly distributed loaded antenna housing |
| CN114284713A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Carrier conformal antenna and beam forming method thereof |
| CN114389023A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-22 | 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 | Antenna structure, electronic equipment and preparation method of antenna structure |
| CN115513641A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2022-12-23 | 西安通飞电子科技有限公司 | Multichannel, ultra wide band, miniaturization, anti-interference electronic countermeasure equipment |
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| CN106654552A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-10 | 中电科技扬州宝军电子有限公司 | Built-in annular monopulse antenna |
| CN109390673A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-26 | 成都北斗天线工程技术有限公司 | A kind of conformal medium resonator antenna of spill and its working method |
| CN109390673B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2023-06-09 | 成都北斗天线工程技术有限公司 | Concave conformal dielectric resonator antenna and working method thereof |
| CN110112561A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-09 | 昆山瀚德通信科技有限公司 | A kind of single-polarized antenna |
| CN110112561B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2024-01-02 | 昆山瀚德通信科技有限公司 | Single-polarized antenna |
| CN111969335A (en) * | 2020-08-16 | 2020-11-20 | 西安电子科技大学 | Conformal dual-polarized two-dimensional single-pulse end-fire array antenna |
| CN112421202A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Low-profile conformal array antenna with any shape |
| CN113540823A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-22 | 上海航天电子有限公司 | Small Vivaldi array antenna with unevenly distributed loaded antenna housing |
| CN114284713A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Carrier conformal antenna and beam forming method thereof |
| CN114284713B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-10-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Carrier conformal antenna and beam forming method thereof |
| CN114389023A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-22 | 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 | Antenna structure, electronic equipment and preparation method of antenna structure |
| CN115513641A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2022-12-23 | 西安通飞电子科技有限公司 | Multichannel, ultra wide band, miniaturization, anti-interference electronic countermeasure equipment |
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Application publication date: 20180615 |