CN108172406A - One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material - Google Patents

One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material Download PDF

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CN108172406A
CN108172406A CN201711483558.XA CN201711483558A CN108172406A CN 108172406 A CN108172406 A CN 108172406A CN 201711483558 A CN201711483558 A CN 201711483558A CN 108172406 A CN108172406 A CN 108172406A
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fes
sodium ion
ion capacitor
negative
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CN108172406B (en
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杨剑
钱逸泰
龙亚琼
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Shandong University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/04Hybrid capacitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32Carbon-based
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66Current collectors
    • H01G11/68Current collectors characterised by their material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to one kind with FeS2‑xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, the sodium ion capacitor includes positive plate, negative plate, diaphragm, electrolyte and shell, and the negative plate is that active material, conductive agent, binding agent are added solvent and are mixed into after slurry and obtained coated on collector after mixing;Active material is FeS in capacitor anode piece2‑xSexMaterial, x=0.1 1.The FeS that sodium ion capacitor anode material of the present invention uses2‑xSexMaterial, compared to FeS2, the peak position of XRD diffraction patterns occurs slightly moving to left, shows that interlamellar spacing increases, be more advantageous to sodium ion insertion abjection;Meanwhile Na+Diffusion faster, electron conduction enhancing, substantially increase the high current charge-discharge ability of sodium ion capacitor, i.e. power-performance, be 172W kg in power density‑1When, energy density is up to 67Wh kg‑1Even if in 2543W kg‑1Under higher power density, energy density still maintains~27Wh kg‑1

Description

One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material
Technical field:
The present invention relates to one kind with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, belongs to capacitor technology neck Domain.
Background technology:
Electrochemical storage device, particularly lithium ion battery are widely used in portable electronic device, electric vehicle, hair Power station etc. is that current technology develops one of electrochemical energy storing device that is the most ripe, being most widely used, however, lithium is in the earth's crust In abundance it is very low.With increasingly increase of the new energy industry to lithium ion battery demand, the amount of lithium resource is proposed more Big demand, and the rarity fast development for greatly limiting lithium ion battery in large-scale energy storage device of lithium resource, and Lithium ion battery power density is low, also limits it in high power applications.Therefore, find alternative lithium resource, development it is next Become the problem of extremely urgent for novel high-performance energy storage device.
Sodium metal is in the Ith main group of the periodic table of elements together with lithium metal, has similar row in electrochemical reaction process For it can be considered to which the lithium in existing lithium-ion energy storage battery is substituted for sodium, and abundance of the sodium metal in the earth's crust will Far above lithium metal, abundant sodium resource is contained in wide ocean, it is of low cost.Therefore, the height based on sodium ion is developed The energy storage device of energy density, high power density, it appears particularly important.
Transient metal sulfide/selenides (TMSs) is because of its high specific capacity, the electric conductivity enhanced, moderate M-S The characteristics such as bond energy, various crystal structure, hence into the people visual field.One of them representative transition metal vulcanization Object/selenides is FeS2Microballoon under 0.8-3.0V voltage windows, shows splendid cyclical stability (after 20,000 circle of cycle Remain with 90% capacity) and high rate performance (~170mAh g-1In 20Ag-1)[Energy Environ.Sci.2015,8, 1309.].Similar excellent cycle performance and higher high rate performance are also observed in other sulfide/selenides, such as FeSe2Microballoon [Adv.Mater.2015,27,3305.];N doped carbons/CoS nanotubes [Angew Chem.Int.Ed.2016, 55,15831.];Sea urchin shape CoSe2Nanostructured [Adv.Funct.Mater.2016,26,6728.];CuS nanosheet/reduction Graphene oxide (RGO) [ACS Appl.Mater.Interface 2017,9,2309.];SnS0.5Se0.5Powder [Nano Energy 2017,41,377.];MoSe2/ N, P codope rGO [Adv.Funct.Mater.2017,27,1700522.];VS2 Nanometer sheet [Adv.Mater.2017,29,1702061] etc..However, these sulfide/selenides are undergone in cyclic process Multiple redox reactions lead to occur serious voltage platform overlapping or slope in constant current charge-discharge curve, will very great Cheng On degree influence transient metal sulfide/selenides practical application because they neither univoltage platform electrode nor standard Univoltage platform electrode.Worse, many redox reactions are happened between 1.0-2.0V, this voltage range conduct Negative material is obviously excessively high and is used as positive electrode too low.
Sodium ion capacitor operation principle is that an electrode is worked by surface adsorption desorption anion, another electrode passes through Na+Deintercalation works.It is no apparent platform during sodium ion capacitor cycle.
Through retrieval, Transition Metal Sulfur/selenides is applied to sodium ion capacitor, and there is presently no reports.
Invention content:
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides one kind with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitance of negative material Device, the FeS that sodium ion capacitor anode material of the present invention uses2-xSexMaterial, compared to FeS2, interlamellar spacing increase, Na+Expand Dissipate rate quickening, electron conduction enhancing;Modified material electrochemical performance is excellent;With FeS2-xSexMaterial is negative material Obtained sodium ion capacitor is 172W kg in power density-1When, energy density is up to 67Wh kg-1Even if in 2543W kg-1Under higher power density, energy density still maintains~27Wh kg-1
Technical scheme is as follows:
One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, and the sodium ion capacitor includes anode Piece, negative plate, diaphragm, electrolyte and shell, the negative plate are added again after mixing active material, conductive agent, binding agent Enter solvent, obtained after wearing into slurry coated on collector;Active material is FeS in capacitor anode piece2-xSexMaterial, FeS2- xSexMaterial is graininess, and granularity is 1~3 μm, is solid state inside particle, x=0.1-1, Fe and Se and S mole the sum of ratio Example be:1:2-4.
According to currently preferred, conductive agent is acetylene black in negative plate, and binding agent is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), molten Agent be methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), active material:Conductive agent:The mass ratio of binding agent is (60-80):(10-30):(5-15); The collector is mostly copper foil, porous titanium net or porous stainless steel mesh.
According to currently preferred, solvent is added after active material, conductive agent, binding agent mixing in negative plate, is worn into Collector is coated on after slurry, coats and is dried in vacuo after at 50-70 DEG C, is rolled after dry, cuts into pole piece, on unit area The quality of active material is 1.0-1.5mg cm-2
According to currently preferred, positive plate is prepared as follows obtaining:Activated carbon, acetylene black, carboxymethyl is fine The plain sodium of dimension is uniformly mixed, and water is added dropwise, and is milled into paste material, wherein activated carbon, acetylene black, sodium carboxymethylcellulose mass ratio be 8:1:1;Manufactured pasty slurry is coated uniformly on aluminium foil, is coated and is dried in vacuo after at 50-70 DEG C, is rolled, is cut after dry It cuts and positive plate is made.
According to currently preferred, activated carbon and FeS in negative plate in positive plate2-xSexThe mass ratio control of material exists (3-6):1。
It is NaClO according to currently preferred, described electrolyte4It is dissolved in tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, NaClO4It is a concentration of 0.5-2mol/L;Diaphragm material is Whatman GF/F glass microfibers.
According to currently preferred, active material FeS2-xSexIt is prepared as follows:
Source of iron, urea are dissolved in the in the mixed solvent of dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol, sulphur source, selenium source is then added in, obtains Mixed solution;Mixed solution reacts 16~22h at a high temperature of 170~210 DEG C, carried out successively after product centrifugation ethyl alcohol wash, water It washes, is then dried in vacuo, obtain FeS2-xSexSolid solution microballoon.
It is FeSO according to currently preferred, described source of iron4·7H2O or Fe (NO3)2
It is sublimed sulfur according to currently preferred, described sulphur source.
It is pure selenium powder according to currently preferred, described selenium source.
According to currently preferred, the addition of source of iron and the molar ratio of urea are:1:4-6.
According to currently preferred, the volume ratio of in the mixed solvent dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol is (10-15):(15- 20)。
According to currently preferred, the addition of source of iron and the mass volume ratio of mixed solvent are:(0.5-2):(30- 40);Unit:mmol/mL.
According to currently preferred, addition and the sulphur source and selenium source integral molar quantity of source of iron are:1:5-7.
According to currently preferred, the molar ratio of sulphur source and selenium source is (1-3):(1-9).
According to currently preferred, vacuum drying temperature is 50-70 DEG C, drying time 8-16h.
Negative plate slurry of the present invention adds in the amount of solvent and positive plate slurry adds in the amount of water, can stir into slurry Subject to, it is carried out by the conventional means of this field.
The principle of the present invention:
The active material FeS that sodium ion capacitor anode material of the present invention uses2-xSexWith FeSO4·7H2O, urea, liter Magnificent sulphur, selenium powder are raw material, with dimethylformamide (DMF), ethylene glycol (EG) for solvent, are made, changed by solvent thermal reaction S/Se contents successfully obtain the FeS of different content2-xSexSample.The synergistic effect of S/Se solid solution, increases interlamellar spacing and material The electron conduction of material, contributes to sodium ion to be diffused in the material, substantially increases it as sodium ion capacitor anode The dynamic performance of material, electrochemistry storage sodium reversible capacity is high, and cycle performance is excellent.
The sodium ion capacitor of the present invention has following outstanding feature:
1st, the FeS that sodium ion capacitor anode material of the present invention uses2-xSexMaterial, compared to FeS2, XRD diffraction flower Slightly moving to left occurs in the peak position of sample, and shows that interlamellar spacing increases, and is more advantageous to sodium ion insertion abjection;Meanwhile Na+Diffusion is more Soon, electron conduction enhances, and modified material electrochemical performance is excellent;Sodium ion can quickly material internal be embedded in/ Abjection substantially increases the high current charge-discharge ability of sodium ion capacitor, i.e. power-performance, even if stored energy is in height Electric current under, also can well be kept.
2nd, the FeS that sodium ion capacitor anode material of the present invention uses2-xSexMaterial, in 2Ag-1Current density under recycle 6000 circles, capacity still maintain 220mAh g-1Attenuation rate is often enclosed down to 0.0044% in left and right.In 40Ag-1High current it is close Under degree, capacity still maintains 211mAh g-1Left and right.
3rd, sodium ion capacitor of the invention is 172W kg in power density-1When, energy density is up to 67Wh kg-1, Even if in 2543W kg-1Under higher power density, energy density still maintains~27Wh kg-1
4th, sodium ion capacitor of the invention is 1Ag in current density-1(current density is based on FeS2-xSexAnd activated carbon Gross mass) when, cycle 1000 circle, than energy still maintain~34Wh kg-1
5th, sodium ion of the invention hybridization capacitor system FeS2-xSex//AC has been put forward for the first time sulphur/selenides application In sodium ion capacitor, it is more for voltage platform quantity during sodium-ion battery to avoid common transition sulfide/selenides With the predicament of current potential embarrassment, it is proposed that the application new in terms of electrochemical energy storage of sulfide/selenides.
Description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the FeS that sodium ion capacitor anode material of the present invention uses2-xSexThe XRD diffraction patterns of material.
Fig. 2 is the FeS that sodium ion capacitor anode material of the present invention uses2-xSexThe stereoscan photograph of material;A is puts The scanning electron microscope that big multiplying power is 5 μm, b is the scanning electron microscope that enlargement ratio is 1 μm.
Fig. 3 is the FeS that sodium ion capacitor anode material of the present invention uses2-xSexThe element mapping photo of material.
Fig. 4 is the FeS that sodium ion capacitor anode material of the present invention uses2-xSexMaterial is in sodium ion half-cell middle impedance Figure and density of states figure, wherein, a FeS2-xSexMaterial and FeS2The impedance contrast figure of sample, b FeS2-xSexMaterial and FeS2 The density of states figure of sample.
Fig. 5 is the FeS that sodium ion capacitor anode material of the present invention uses2-xSexElectricity of the material in sodium ion half-cell Chemical property figure, wherein, a FeS2-xSexMaterial is in 2Ag-1Cycle performance figure under current density, b FeS2-xSexMaterial is not With the high rate performance figure under current density.
Fig. 6 is the chemical property figure of sodium ion capacitor of the present invention, wherein, a figures are the capacitor of embodiment 1 in difference Charging and discharging curve figure under current density, b figures are the energy comparison figure (Ragone plots) of capacitor, and c figures are that capacitor exists 1A g-1(current density design is based on FeS at last2-xSexWith the gross mass of activated carbon) under cycle performance figure.
Specific embodiment:
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Raw material in embodiment is commercial products.
Embodiment 1
One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, and the sodium ion capacitor includes anode Piece, negative plate, diaphragm, electrolyte and shell.
The mass ratio of active material and active material in negative plate is controlled 4 in positive plate:1, electrolyte NaClO4It is molten In tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, NaClO4A concentration of 1mol/L;Diaphragm material is Whatman GF/F glass microfibers.
Negative plate is to add solvent after mixing active material, conductive agent, binding agent, and copper foil is coated on after wearing into slurry It obtains;Active material is FeS in capacitor anode piece2-xSexMaterial, conductive agent are acetylene black, and binding agent is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), solvent be methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), active material:Conductive agent:The mass ratio of binding agent is:70:20:10, cathode The preparation method of piece is as follows:FeS2-xSexMaterial, acetylene black, polyvinylidene fluoride are dispersed in appropriate methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) in, hand mill 30min is made pasty slurry, then, slurry is coated uniformly on copper foil, then vacuum is done at 60 DEG C It is dry;After dried copper foil is rolled, disk is cut into, the active material quality of unit area is 1.0-1.5mg cm-2
Positive plate is prepared as follows obtaining:Activated carbon, acetylene black, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is taken to be uniformly mixed, is dripped Add water, be milled into pasty slurry, wherein activated carbon, acetylene black, sodium carboxymethylcellulose mass ratio be 8:1:1;Manufactured paste Shape slurry is coated uniformly on aluminium foil, is coated and is dried in vacuo after at 60 DEG C, is rolled after dry, is cut into positive plate.
Active material FeS in negative plate2-xSexMaterial is graininess, and granularity is 3 μm, is solid state, x=inside particle 0.4。
FeS2-xSexThe preparation method of material is as follows including step:
(1) by 1mmol FeSO4·7H2O, 5mmol urea is dissolved in the in the mixed solvent of dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol, Then in the mixed solvent dimethylformamide 15mL, ethylene glycol 20mL add in sublimed sulfur, selenium powder, obtain mixed solution;Sublimed sulfur and Selenium powder integral molar quantity is 6.5mmol, and the molar ratio of sublimed sulfur and selenium powder is 1:4;
(2) mixed solution is transferred to stainless steel cauldron and is placed in baking oven, reacts 18h at 190 DEG C;
(3) product centrifuges, and is cleaned for several times with ethyl alcohol, water, is placed in the dry 12h of 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber, successfully obtains FeS2- xSex(x=0.4) microballoon.FeS obtained2-xSexIt is full particle inside material granule.
Performance test
First, to FeS2-xSexXRD tests are done, diffraction pattern is as shown in Figure 1, Se is adulterated not it can be seen from Fig. 1 There is the object phase for changing sample, all diffraction maximums may both correspond to XRD standard card JCPDS No.42-1340, FeS2-xSexSample Relative to FeS2XRD diffraction maximums gently towards low angle deviate, showing the introducing of Se makes its spacing of lattice become larger, and is more advantageous to sodium Ion insertion abjection.To FeS obtained2-xSexSpecimen material does scanning electron microscope analysis, stereoscan photograph as shown in Fig. 2, As seen from Figure 2, FeS2-xSexThe micron ball that sample is made of little particle.To FeS obtained2-xSexSpecimen material does member Plain map analysis, element mapping photo are demonstrate,proved again as shown in figure 3, Fe, S, Se Elemental redistribution are uniform it can be seen from Fig. 3 Understand the formation of solid solution.
Electrochemical property test
Sodium ion half-cell performance test:
In order to verify FeS2-xSexThe electric property of material, with FeS2-xSexMaterial is negative material, and sodium piece is reference electrode With to electrode, sodium ion half-cell is assembled, characterizes chemical property, is prepared by cathode:FeS2-xSexMaterial, acetylene black, poly- inclined two Vinyl fluoride is dispersed in appropriate methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), and pasty slurry is made in hand mill 30min, then, slurry is equal It is even to be coated on copper foil, then it is dried in vacuo at 60 DEG C;After dried copper foil is rolled, cathode is made, sodium piece is reference Electrode and to electrode, Whatman GF/F glass microfibers are diaphragm, 1.0M NaCF3SO3It is dissolved in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) For electrolyte, carry out the glove box (Mikrouna, Super 1220/750/900) full of argon gas is inner.The charge and discharge of battery Test carries out in blue electric (Land CT-2001A) test system, and battery operation interval is 0.8~3.0V.Fig. 4 a are real Apply FeS made from example 12-xSexSample and unmodified FeS2The impedance contrast figure of material, 4b are FeS made from embodiment 12- xSexSample and unmodified FeS2The density of states figure of material.FeS it can be seen from Fig. 42-xSexSample is relative to FeS2It is conductive Property is remarkably reinforced.Fig. 5 a figures are FeS made from embodiment 12-xSexSample is in 2Ag-1Cycle performance figure under current density, b figures For FeS made from embodiment 12-xSexHigh rate performance figure of the material under different current densities.FeS it can be seen from Fig. 52- xSexThe cycle performance and high rate performance of sample are excellent.
Sodium ion capacitor performance is tested:
Carry out the chemical property under different current densities to the capacitor of embodiment assembling, test result as shown in Figure 6, Before capacitor assembling, several circles of negative electrode elder generation electrochemical activation.FeS2-xSexThe specific capacity calculating of //AC is based on FeS2-xSex With the gross mass of AC.Fig. 6 a figures are charging and discharging curve figure of the capacitor of embodiment 1 under different current densities, and b figures are to implement The energy comparison figure (Ragone plots) of the capacitor of example 1, c figures are the capacitor of embodiment 1 in 1Ag-1(current density calculates It is based on FeS2-xSexWith the gross mass of activated carbon) under cycle performance figure..From fig. 6, it can be seen that it is 172W in power density kg-1When, energy density is up to 67Wh kg-1Even if in 2543W kg-1Under higher power density, energy density is still tieed up It holds in~27Wh kg-1.In addition, in 1Ag-1Under high current density, 1000 circle of cycle still maintains~34Wh kg than energy-1
Embodiment 2
One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, and shown in embodiment 1, difference exists In:
FeS2-xSexThe preparation method of material is as follows including step:
(1) by 1mmol FeSO4·7H2O, 5mmol urea is dissolved in the in the mixed solvent of dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol, Then in the mixed solvent dimethylformamide 15mL, ethylene glycol 20mL add in sublimed sulfur, selenium powder, obtain mixed solution;Sublimed sulfur and Selenium powder integral molar quantity is 6.5mmol, and the molar ratio of sublimed sulfur and selenium powder is 1:9;
(2) mixed solution is transferred to stainless steel cauldron and is placed in baking oven, reacts 22h at 170 DEG C;
(3) product centrifuges, and is cleaned for several times with ethyl alcohol, water, is placed in the dry 16h of 50 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber, successfully obtains FeS2- xSex(x=0.2) microballoon.FeS obtained2-xSexIt is full particle inside material granule.
Embodiment 3
One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, and shown in embodiment 1, difference exists In:
FeS2-xSexThe preparation method of material is as follows including step:
(1) by 1mmol FeSO4·7H2O, 5mmol urea is dissolved in the in the mixed solvent of dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol, Then in the mixed solvent dimethylformamide 15mL, ethylene glycol 20mL add in sublimed sulfur, selenium powder, obtain mixed solution;Sublimed sulfur and Selenium powder integral molar quantity is 6.5mmol, and the molar ratio of sublimed sulfur and selenium powder is 1:9;
(2) mixed solution is transferred to stainless steel cauldron and is placed in baking oven, reacts 20h at 180 DEG C;
(3) product centrifuges, and is cleaned for several times with ethyl alcohol, water, is placed in the dry 14h of 52 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber, successfully obtains FeS2- xSex(x=0.2) microballoon.FeS obtained2-xSexIt is full particle inside material granule.
Embodiment 4
One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, and shown in embodiment 1, difference exists In:
FeS2-xSexThe preparation method of material is as follows including step:
(1) by 1mmol FeSO4·7H2O, 5mmol urea is dissolved in the in the mixed solvent of dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol, Then in the mixed solvent dimethylformamide 15mL, ethylene glycol 20mL add in sublimed sulfur, selenium powder, obtain mixed solution;Sublimed sulfur and Selenium powder integral molar quantity is 6.5mmol, and the molar ratio of sublimed sulfur and selenium powder is 1:4;
(2) mixed solution is transferred to stainless steel cauldron and is placed in baking oven, reacts 16h at 200 DEG C;
(3) product centrifuges, and is cleaned for several times with ethyl alcohol, water, is placed in the dry 12h of 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber, successfully obtains FeS2- xSex(x=0.4) microballoon.FeS obtained2-xSexIt is full particle inside material granule.
Embodiment 5
One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, and shown in embodiment 1, difference exists In:
FeS2-xSexThe preparation method of material is as follows including step:
(1) by 1mmol FeSO4·7H2O, 5mmol urea is dissolved in the in the mixed solvent of dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol, Then in the mixed solvent dimethylformamide 15mL, ethylene glycol 20mL add in sublimed sulfur, selenium powder, obtain mixed solution;Sublimed sulfur and Selenium powder integral molar quantity is 6.5mmol, and the molar ratio of sublimed sulfur and selenium powder is 3:7;
(2) mixed solution is transferred to stainless steel cauldron and is placed in baking oven, reacts 17h at 200 DEG C;
(3) product centrifuges, and is cleaned for several times with ethyl alcohol, water, is placed in the dry 12h of 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber, successfully obtains FeS2- xSex(x=0.4) microballoon.FeS obtained2-xSexIt is full particle inside material granule.
Embodiment 6
One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, and shown in embodiment 1, difference exists In:
FeS2-xSexThe preparation method of material is as follows including step:
(1) by 1mmol FeSO4·7H2O, 5mmol urea is dissolved in the in the mixed solvent of dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol, Then in the mixed solvent dimethylformamide 15mL, ethylene glycol 20mL add in sublimed sulfur, selenium powder, obtain mixed solution;Sublimed sulfur and Selenium powder integral molar quantity is 6.5mmol, and the molar ratio of sublimed sulfur and selenium powder is 2:3;
(2) mixed solution is transferred to stainless steel cauldron and is placed in baking oven, reacts 16h at 210 DEG C;
(3) product centrifuges, and is cleaned for several times with ethyl alcohol, water, is placed in the dry 12h of 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber, successfully obtains FeS2- xSex(x=0.8) microballoon.FeS obtained2-xSexIt is full particle inside material granule.
Embodiment 7
One kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, and shown in embodiment 1, difference exists In:
FeS2-xSexThe preparation method of material is as follows including step:
(1) by 1mmol FeSO4·7H2O, 5mmol urea is dissolved in the in the mixed solvent of dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol, Then in the mixed solvent dimethylformamide 15mL, ethylene glycol 20mL add in sublimed sulfur, selenium powder, obtain mixed solution;Sublimed sulfur and Selenium powder integral molar quantity is 6.5mmol, and the molar ratio of sublimed sulfur and selenium powder is 1:1;
(2) mixed solution is transferred to stainless steel cauldron and is placed in baking oven, reacts 16h at 210 DEG C;
(3) product centrifuges, and is cleaned for several times with ethyl alcohol, water, is placed in the dry 10h of 70 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber, successfully obtains FeS2- xSex(x=1) microballoon.FeS obtained2-xSexIt is full particle inside material granule.

Claims (10)

1. one kind is with FeS2-xSexMaterial be negative material sodium ion capacitor, the sodium ion capacitor include positive plate, Negative plate, diaphragm, electrolyte and shell, the negative plate be will active material, conductive agent, binding agent mix after add it is molten Agent obtains after wearing into slurry coated on collector;Active material is FeS in capacitor anode piece2-xSexMaterial, FeS2-xSexMaterial Expect for graininess, granularity is 1~3 μm, inside particle for solid state, x=0.1-1, Fe and Se and S mole the sum of ratio be: 1:2-4。
It is 2. according to claim 1 with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, which is characterized in that negative Conductive agent is acetylene black in pole piece, and binding agent is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and solvent is methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), active Material:Conductive agent:The mass ratio of binding agent is (60-80):(10-30):(5-15);The collector is mostly copper foil, porous Titanium net or porous stainless steel mesh.
It is 3. according to claim 1 with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, which is characterized in that negative Add solvent after active material in pole piece, conductive agent, binding agent mixing, collector be coated on after wearing into slurry, coat after It is dried in vacuo at 50-70 DEG C, is rolled after dry, cut into pole piece, the quality of active material is 1.0-1.5mg on unit area cm-2
It is 4. according to claim 1 with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, which is characterized in that just Pole piece is prepared as follows obtaining:Activated carbon, acetylene black, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is taken to be uniformly mixed, water is added dropwise, is milled into Pasty slurry, wherein activated carbon, acetylene black, sodium carboxymethylcellulose mass ratio be 8:1:1;Manufactured pasty slurry uniformly applies It overlays on aluminium foil, coats and be dried in vacuo after at 50-70 DEG C, rolled after dry, be cut into positive plate.
5. according to claim 2 or 4 with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, which is characterized in that Activated carbon and FeS in negative plate in positive plate2-xSexThe mass ratio of material is controlled at (3-6):1;The electrolyte is NaClO4 It is dissolved in tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, NaClO4A concentration of 0.5-2mol/L;Diaphragm material is Whatman GF/F glass microfibers.
It is 6. according to claim 1 with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, which is characterized in that living Property material FeS2-xSexIt is prepared as follows:
Source of iron, urea are dissolved in the in the mixed solvent of dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol, sulphur source, selenium source is then added in, must mix Solution;Mixed solution reacts 16~22h at a high temperature of 170~210 DEG C, and carrying out ethyl alcohol successively after product centrifugation washes, washes, so After be dried in vacuo, obtain FeS2-xSexSolid solution microballoon.
It is 7. according to claim 6 with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, which is characterized in that institute The source of iron stated is FeSO4·7H2O or Fe (NO3)2, the sulphur source is sublimed sulfur, and the selenium source is pure selenium powder.
It is 8. according to claim 6 with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, which is characterized in that iron The addition in source and the molar ratio of urea are:1:The volume ratio of 4-6, in the mixed solvent dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol is (10- 15):(15-20).
It is 9. according to claim 6 with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, which is characterized in that iron The addition in source and the mass volume ratio of mixed solvent are:(0.5-2):(30-40);Unit:Mmol/mL, the addition of source of iron It is with sulphur source and selenium source integral molar quantity:1:5-7.
It is 10. according to claim 6 with FeS2-xSexMaterial is the sodium ion capacitor of negative material, which is characterized in that sulphur The molar ratio of source and selenium source is (1-3):(1-9), vacuum drying temperature are 50-70 DEG C, drying time 8-16h.
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