CN108171436A - Resident's air conditioning requirements response policy and its control method to matching electricity consumption silhouette sound - Google Patents
Resident's air conditioning requirements response policy and its control method to matching electricity consumption silhouette sound Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The control method rung the invention discloses a kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy and its to matching electricity consumption silhouette, including：The mathematical model of single air conditioner is aggregated into air conditioner load group, changes the temperature set-point of single air-conditioning equipment in response group, changes the power consumption of individual equipment, the watt level of adjustment equipment cluster；The competitive bidding electricity price of air conditioner load is back to electricity market to be auctioned and obtain market clearing price, and clear electricity price will be gone out and be transferred to user side, user side goes out clear electricity price according to this, and the temperature set-point of air-conditioning is readjusted using resident's air conditioning requirements response policy；Active power extraction percentage is injected based on resident's air conditioning requirements response policy, combination temperature threshold crossing time percentage and electric system, rings progress analysis and Control to matching electricity consumption silhouette.The present invention introduces the interactive demand response strategy of resident's air-conditioning linearisation for Spot Price signal, and temperature set-point is expressed as to the function of electricity price, realizes to single air-conditioner temperature sets up an office in resident air-conditioning group control.
Description
Technical field
Match electricity consumption reciprocal effect the present invention relates to the demand response control of cluster resident's air-conditioning and based on demand response
Assay field more particularly to a kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy and its control method to matching electricity consumption silhouette sound.
Background technology
In recent years, air-conditioning has become one of indispensable household electrical appliance of town dweller, generally comprises：Low-temperature receiver/heat
Several majors and other ancillary equipments such as source device, cold and hot medium distributing system, end equipment.Wherein, end equipment utilizes defeated
With the cold and hot amount come, processing air, temperature so that the air parameter of target environment reaches requirement.
The type of domestic air conditioning is divided into many kinds, wherein common includes：Wall-hanging air conditioner, vertical air conditioner, window are empty
Reconciliation ceiling type air conditioner, these products respectively have feature：
(1) wall-hanging air conditioner is welcome by everybody, and technology is also constantly being reformed.Ventilatory is newest to be used in wall-hanging
The technology of air-conditioning ensures that family has fresh air, prevents the generation of air conditioner disease, uses more comfortably, more rationally.Wall-hanging
The mute and energy-saving effect of air-conditioning is also very notable.
(2) vertical air conditioner is suitable for the extensive occasion for adjusting space temperature, such as stateroom.Vertical air conditioner at present
The maximum distance of air-supply can be more than 15 meters, along with Wide blowing angle, can take into account the area of bigger.
(3) window air conditioner is easy for installation, cheap, is suitble to cubicle, but shortcoming is that noise is larger.
(4) on the ceiling, four sides Wide blowing angle, temperature adjustment is rapid, does not interfere with room more for the lifting of ceiling type air conditioner indoor unit
Interior decoration.
According to air conditioning function, air-conditioning can be divided into single-cooling type air-conditioning and refrigerating and heating type air-conditioning.Single-cooling type air-conditioning：Without system
Hot function, suitable for summer is hotter or there is the area of sufficient Central Heating Providing in winter.Refrigerating and heating type air-conditioning：With heat-production functions.According to
Its heating mode can be divided into pump type heat and electricity auxiliary heating type again.Pump type heat is suitable for the area that summer is hot, winter is colder；
For electricity auxiliary heating type because having added electricity auxiliary heating component, heating is powerful, so, the area of winter cold hot suitable for summer.
With popularizing for air-conditioning, influence also gradually to can not be ignored caused by electric system.The growth of air conditioner load makes
It obtains electric power peak-valley difference further to widen, network load characteristic deteriorates.Demand response technology is to alleviate air conditioner load to pacify power grid
The important means of Quan Xing, stability and economy impact.Demand response is by electricity price or incentive mechanism, and guiding user changes
The power consumption control technology of traditional power mode is divided into two kinds of the demand response based on excitation and the demand response based on electricity price.
With the propulsion of China's electricity market reform, study the demand response control strategy based on electricity price and obtain academia
Attention.It focuses mostly on currently for the demand response control technology of resident's air-conditioning in simple switch control, and demand response pair
Also it is not very fully with the quantitative analysis that electricity consumption silhouette is rung.
Therefore, further the functional relation of research resident's air-conditioning parameter setting value and electricity price, formulation more reasonably electricity price are rung
It answers control strategy and quantifies demand response to the influence for matching electricity consumption side for optimizing air conditioning requirements response control, realize power train
The peak load shifting and safety and economic operation of system are most important.
Invention content
The control method rung the present invention provides a kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy and its to matching electricity consumption silhouette, this hair
The bright interactive demand response control based on Spot Price response, quantitative evaluation has been carried out, and to electric power to demand response effect
The peak load shifting of system and the electricity price expenditure for saving power consumer have preferable guiding value, described below：
A kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy and its control method to matching electricity consumption silhouette sound, the control method include
Following steps：
The mathematical model of single air conditioner is aggregated into air conditioner load group, changes the temperature of single air-conditioning equipment in response group
Set point changes the power consumption of individual equipment, the watt level of adjustment equipment cluster；
The competitive bidding electricity price of air conditioner load is back to electricity market to be auctioned and obtain market clearing price, and will be gone out clear
Electricity price is transferred to user side, and user side goes out clear electricity price according to this, and air-conditioning is readjusted using resident's air conditioning requirements response policy
Temperature set-point；
It is injected based on resident's air conditioning requirements response policy, combination temperature threshold crossing time percentage and electric system active
Power extraction percentage rings progress analysis and Control to matching electricity consumption silhouette.
Further, the temperature set-point for air-conditioning being readjusted using resident's air conditioning requirements response policy is specially：
Based on resident's air conditioning requirements response policy, the temperature set-point of air-conditioning is readjusted to Tset,a, the continuation of resident's air-conditioning
It is run according to its original moving law；
Temperature set-point T after adjustmentset,aDuring less than current indoor temperature, air-conditioning continues to freeze, and is continued until down
Market clearing；
Wherein, Tset,aRepresent the temperature set-point of the air-conditioning after adjustment；PclearFor market clearing price；PaverageIt is previous
It average electricity price；TsetRepresent the desired indoor temperature of user；kTRepresent predefined comfort level；σ represents the previous day electricity price
Standard deviation；TlimitRepresent the bound of indoor temperature.
Wherein, the competitive bidding electricity price of the air conditioner load is specially：
Current indoor temperature is measured, calculates continuous bidding price, the competitive bidding electricity price as air conditioner load.
Further, the control method further includes：
The temperature set-point of air-conditioning is readjusted to Tset,a, the continuation of resident's air-conditioning is according to its original moving law operation；
Temperature set-point T after adjustmentset,aDuring less than current indoor temperature, air-conditioning continues to freeze, and is continued until down
Market clearing.
Wherein, the temperature beyond limit percentage of time is specially：The temperature beyond limit time accounts for the percentage of whole day time.
Further, the temperature beyond limit time is specially：
By time of the room temperature higher than 2 DEG C of desired temperature before implementing resident's air-conditioning electricity price demand response strategy.
Further, the active power extraction percentage of the electric system injection is specially：
Because of the active power of demand response reduction, the percentage of the total active power of electric system before demand response is implemented is accounted for,
To weigh the influence that Respondence to the Price of Electric Power injects Power Systems.
The advantageous effect of technical solution provided by the invention is：
1st, the present invention establishes the mathematical model of resident's air-conditioning, to characterize the thermodynamic behaviour of air-conditioning, is needed for resident's air-conditioning
The formulation of response policy is asked to provide foundation；
2nd, under electricity market, the present invention introduces resident's air conditioning requirements response policy, by temperature for Spot Price signal
Set point is expressed as the function of electricity price, realizes to single air-conditioner temperature sets up an office in resident air-conditioning group control；
3rd, the invention enables air-conditionings to make electricity price signal real-time response, has not only achieved the effect that peak load shifting but also can reduce residence
The expenditure of people's electricity charge；
4th, the present invention has formulated the indexs such as temperature beyond limit percentage of time, quantitative evaluation resident's air conditioning requirements response policy pair
Influence with electricity consumption side.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy provided by the invention and its control method to matching electricity consumption silhouette sound
Flow chart；
Fig. 2 is elasticity of demand or supply curve synoptic diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is supply and demand side bidding process schematic diagram in electricity market provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of resident's air conditioning requirements provided by the invention response；
Fig. 5 is to implement with not implementing resident's air-conditioner temperature setpoint profile during demand response；
Fig. 6 is to implement with not implementing indoor temperature curve during demand response；
Fig. 7 is to implement with not implementing system injection active power curves during demand response.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is made below further
It is described in detail on ground.
Embodiment 1
Quantitative evaluation is carried out to demand response effect in order to realize, and peak load shifting and saving electric power use to electric system
The electricity price expenditure at family has preferable guiding value, and an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of resident's air-conditioning electricity price demand response plans
The control method slightly and its to matching electricity consumption silhouette rung, referring to Fig. 1, this method includes the following steps：
101：The mathematical model of single air conditioner is aggregated into air conditioner load group, changes single air-conditioning equipment in response group
Temperature set-point changes the power consumption of individual equipment, the watt level of adjustment equipment cluster；
102：The competitive bidding electricity price of air conditioner load is back to electricity market to be auctioned and obtain market clearing price, and will
Go out clear electricity price and be transferred to user side, user side goes out clear electricity price according to this, and sky is readjusted using resident's air conditioning requirements response policy
The temperature set-point of tune；
103：It is injected based on resident's air conditioning requirements response policy, combination temperature threshold crossing time percentage and electric system
Active power percent cut rings progress analysis and Control to matching electricity consumption silhouette.
Further, the competitive bidding electricity price of the air conditioner load in step 102 is specially：
Current indoor temperature is measured, calculates continuous bidding price, the competitive bidding electricity price as air conditioner load.
During specific implementation, based on resident's air conditioning requirements response policy, which further includes：
The temperature set-point of air-conditioning is readjusted to Tset,a, the continuation of resident's air-conditioning is according to its original moving law operation；
Temperature set-point T after adjustmentset,aDuring less than current indoor temperature, air-conditioning continues to freeze, and is continued until down
Market clearing.
Wherein, the temperature beyond limit percentage of time in step 103 is specially：The temperature beyond limit time accounts for the percentage of whole day time
Than.The temperature beyond limit time is specially：
By time of the room temperature higher than 2 DEG C of desired temperature before implementing resident's air-conditioning electricity price demand response strategy.
Further, the active power extraction percentage of electric system injection in step 103 is specially：
Because of the active power of demand response reduction, the percentage of the total active power of electric system before demand response is implemented is accounted for,
To weigh the influence that Respondence to the Price of Electric Power injects Power Systems.
In conclusion the embodiment of the present invention is resident's air conditioning requirements response policy by above-mentioned steps 101- steps 103
Formulation provides foundation；For Spot Price signal, resident's air conditioning requirements response policy is introduced, temperature set-point is expressed as
The function of electricity price is realized to single air-conditioner temperature sets up an office in resident air-conditioning group control.
Embodiment 2
The scheme in embodiment 1 is further introduced with reference to Fig. 1-Fig. 4, specific calculation formula, is referred to
It is described below：
201：The modelling by mechanism of resident's air-conditioning；
(1) mathematical model of single air conditioner
The thermodynamics dynamic process of resident's air-conditioning is described using ETP (equivalent thermodynamic parameter) model, ETP models consider
The heat exchange process of outdoor air and room air, indoor substance and room air represents heat exchange with thermal capacitance, thermal resistance
Thermal losses and hot energy storage in the process.
The state space equation of ETP models is as follows：
Wherein,Differential matrix for temperature；A is equivalent heat parameter matrix；X is temperature vector；B is represents house parameter
Matrix；U is the coefficient of B and D；Y be indoor environment temperature with indoor mass temperature and；C and D is respectively coefficient matrix；
Differential for house mass temperature；Differential for indoor temperature；TiFor indoor temperature；T0For outdoor environment temperature；TmFor room
Mass temperature within doors；CaThermal capacitance for air；CmThermal capacitance for substance；Q is the thermal ratio of resident's air-conditioning；UA represents that heat increases
Benefit/loss coefficient, R1=1/UA；UAmassRepresent thermal enhancement/loss coefficient between air and substance, R2=1/UAmass。
The numerical value of indoor temperature is in temperature setting bound ThighAnd TlowBetween fluctuate, δ be temperature dead zone, TsetFor temperature
Set point, numerical value depend on desired value of the user to room temperature, and formula (5) is the relationship between four.
(2) the polymerization mathematical model of resident's air-conditioning
By the analysis to above-mentioned resident's air-conditioning monomer model it is found that the on off state of air-conditioning equipment subsequent time with it is previous
Moment on off state, indoor temperature, the temperature set-point of equipment and temperature dead zone are related.More than characteristic is based on, by single residence
People's air-conditioning aggregates into air conditioner load group.The temperature set-point of single air-conditioning equipment in group is responded by change, can be changed single
The power consumption of equipment, and then the watt level of adjustment equipment cluster.
When in system, there are during N platform resident's air-conditioning equipments, according to its on off state, two groups can be divided into, that is, open group and
Close group：
Wherein, OtAnd BtThe unlatching group in moment t in resident's air-conditioning is represented respectively and closes group.N1And N2It represents respectively
It opens group and closes the quantity of resident's air-conditioning in group, and meet N1+N2=N.Ot iAnd Bt iDevice numbering is represented respectively, and meets 1
≤Ot i≤ N and 1≤Bt i≤N.It is not difficult to find out, over time, the operating status of resident's air-conditioning constantly changes, and opens group
With the number of devices N in closing group1And N2Also the moment is among dynamic change.
If the rated power of air-conditioning is Pr, since it is only in StElectric energy can be just consumed when=1, therefore is being not involved in demand
In the case of response, in t1Moment, the power P (t of resident's air-conditioning group consumption1) be：
Wherein, Pr,z(t1) be Z platform air-conditionings rated power.
In view of distinct device thermodynamic parameter difference, device parameter can be done according to normal distribution principle in simulations
Randomization, so that emulation more closing to reality.
202：Introduce linearisation resident's air-conditioning interactive mode demand response strategy based on Spot Price；
The substantially implementation process of linearisation resident's air-conditioning interactive mode demand response strategy can be divided into following steps：
Step 1：Measure current indoor temperature Tcurrent, calculate continuous bidding price Pbid；
Wherein, the size of bidding price can be calculated by formula (9)：
Wherein, PbidIt is the bidding price that resident's air-conditioning is back to market, size reflects user's current time to electric energy
Demand；PaverageIt is the average electricity price of the previous day, TcurrentRepresent the indoor temperature at current time, TsetRepresent that user it is expected
Indoor temperature, the A points in corresponding diagram 4, kTIt represents predefined comfort level, changes with electricity price weighing temperature set-point
Speed, size are determined by user, reflect requirement of the user to comfort level, and σ represents the standard deviation of the previous day electricity price, TlimitTable
Show the bound of indoor temperature.As it can be seen that competitive bidding electricity price is by market average electricity price and its standard deviation, current time indoor temperature and
The influence of the factors such as current device state.Bidding price and its position on bidding curve such as the B points in Fig. 4.
Step 2：The competitive bidding electricity price of air conditioner load is back to electricity market to auction, by inch of candle process obtains in market
Market clearing price, and this is gone out into clear electricity price and is transferred to user side, user side readjusts the temperature of air-conditioning according to this pricing information
Set point is spent, the calculating of the air-conditioner temperature set point after adjustment can be obtained by formula (10)：
Wherein, Tset,aRepresent the temperature set-point of the air-conditioning after adjustment, the C points in corresponding diagram 4；PclearFor market clearing
Price.
Step 3：The temperature set-point of air-conditioning is readjusted to Tset,a, then, resident's air-conditioning continues according to its original fortune
Professional etiquette rule operation.Such as Fig. 3, temperature set-point T after adjustmentset,aDuring less than current indoor temperature, it is meant that can be connect in user
Under by electricity price, air-conditioning continues to freeze, this process is continued until market clearing next time.
In real response, temperature set-point Tset,aValue can be higher than may be lower than preferred temperature set point Tset；Freeze mould
Under formula, temperature set-point T is reducedset,aEnergy expenditure can be increased, generally correspond to low rate period.
That is, above-mentioned formula (10) and step 3 constitute resident's air-conditioning electricity price demand response strategy.
203：Progress analysis and Control is rung to matching electricity consumption silhouette based on resident's air-conditioning electricity price demand response strategy.
Resident's air-conditioning electricity price demand response strategy based on Spot Price can influence user power utilization behavior to a certain extent
And consumption habit, while the operating condition of power grid is had an impact, it is quantitative description resident's air-conditioning electricity price demand response strategy pair
Following evaluation index is formulated in influence with electricity consumption side：
(1) temperature beyond limit percentage of time (TVTP)
Temperature beyond limit percentage of time (TVTP) is defined as the influence based on the demand response of electricity price cold comfort level to user.
By bibliography [1] it is found that user receives range substantially at ± 2 DEG C to room temperature, therefore room temperature higher than implementation resident's air-conditioning
The situation of 2 DEG C of desired temperature before electricity price demand response strategy is considered temperature beyond limit.Temperature beyond limit percentage of time
(TVTP) percentage that the temperature beyond limit time accounts for the whole day time is defined as, calculation formula is：
Wherein, δtFor temperature beyond limit flag bit indoor residing for t moment resident's air-conditioning equipment, (1 represents temperature beyond limit, 0 generation
Table temperature is not out-of-limit), θtRepresent the difference of the current room temperature value and original temperature setting value residing for resident's air-conditioning.TVTP is reflected
For Respondence to the Price of Electric Power to the influence degree of users'comfort, value is smaller, illustrates to influence users'comfort smaller.Different user
TVTP values are different.
(2) system injects active power extraction percentage
System is injected active power extraction percentage and is defined as in whole system because the active power of demand response reduction accounts for
The percentage of the total active power of system before demand response is implemented, to weigh the shadow that Respondence to the Price of Electric Power injects Power Systems
It rings.Its computational methods is shown below：
Wherein, STPcurtailmentActive power extraction percentage, P are injected for systemcur,tIt is noted for t moment system after response
Enter general power decrement, Ptot,tSystem injects general power when being encouraged for no electricity price.
In conclusion the embodiment of the present invention makes reality by above-mentioned steps 201- step 203 air-conditionings to electricity price signal
When respond, not only achieved the effect that peak load shifting but also the expenditure of resident's electricity charge can be reduced；And temperature beyond limit percentage of time is formulated
Etc. indexs, quantitative evaluation resident's air conditioning requirements response policy is to matching the influence of electricity consumption side.
Embodiment 3
With reference to Fig. 5-Fig. 7, feasibility verification is carried out to the scheme in Examples 1 and 2, it is described below：
Fig. 5-Fig. 7, which is reflected, to be implemented to set with not implementing the air-conditioner temperature under two kinds of scenes of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy
Point, indoor temperature and feeder line inject active power situation.
Do not implement demand response control for no electricity price control, implement be based on Spot Price (real time price,
RTP demand response control) is controlled for RTP, be can be seen that from the result of Fig. 5-Fig. 7 and is implemented resident's air conditioning requirements response policy
Afterwards, the desired temperature of resident's air-conditioning is increased, and room temperature is also risen therewith, and temperature beyond limit percentage of time is
2.08%, it is smaller to illustrate that resident's air conditioning requirements response policy influences users'comfort.
After implementing resident's air conditioning requirements response policy, feeder line peak period injection active power is reduced, STPcurtailment's
It is 27.85% to be worth, and illustrates that resident's air conditioning requirements response policy can be very good to realize the peak load shifting of electric system.
Bibliography
[1]PIPATTANASOMPORN M,KUZLU M,RAHMAN S.An algorithm for intelligent
home energy management and demand response analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid,2012, 3(4):2166-2173.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that attached drawing is the schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment, the embodiments of the present invention
Serial number is for illustration only, does not represent the quality of embodiment.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy and its control method to matching electricity consumption silhouette sound, which is characterized in that the control
Method processed includes the following steps：
The mathematical model of single air conditioner is aggregated into air conditioner load group, changes the temperature setting of single air-conditioning equipment in response group
Point changes the power consumption of individual equipment, the watt level of adjustment equipment cluster；
The competitive bidding electricity price of air conditioner load is back to electricity market to be auctioned and obtain market clearing price, and clear electricity price will be gone out
User side is transferred to, user side goes out clear electricity price according to this, and the temperature of air-conditioning is readjusted using resident's air conditioning requirements response policy
Set point；
Active power is injected based on resident's air conditioning requirements response policy, combination temperature threshold crossing time percentage and electric system
Percent cut rings progress analysis and Control to matching electricity consumption silhouette.
2. a kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy according to claim 1 and its controlling party to matching electricity consumption silhouette sound
Method, which is characterized in that it is described air-conditioning is readjusted using resident's air conditioning requirements response policy temperature set-point be specially：
Based on resident's air conditioning requirements response policy, the temperature set-point of air-conditioning is readjusted to Tset,a, resident's air-conditioning continue according to
Its original moving law operation；
Temperature set-point T after adjustmentset,aDuring less than current indoor temperature, air-conditioning continues to freeze, and is continued until next time
Market clearing；
Wherein, Tset,aRepresent the temperature set-point of the air-conditioning after adjustment；PclearFor market clearing price；PaverageFor the previous day
Average electricity price；TsetRepresent the desired indoor temperature of user；kTRepresent predefined comfort level；σ represents the standard of the previous day electricity price
Difference；TlimitRepresent the bound of indoor temperature.
3. a kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy according to claim 1 and its controlling party to matching electricity consumption silhouette sound
Method, which is characterized in that the competitive bidding electricity price of the air conditioner load is specially：
Current indoor temperature is measured, calculates continuous bidding price, the competitive bidding electricity price as air conditioner load.
4. a kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy according to any claim in claim 1-3 and its to matching electricity consumption
The control method that silhouette is rung, which is characterized in that the temperature beyond limit percentage of time is specially：The temperature beyond limit time accounts for round-the-clock
Between percentage.
5. a kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy according to claim 4 and its controlling party to matching electricity consumption silhouette sound
Method, which is characterized in that the temperature beyond limit time is specially：
Room temperature is higher than the time of 2 DEG C of desired temperature before implementing resident's air-conditioning electricity price demand response strategy.
6. a kind of resident's air conditioning requirements response policy according to any claim in claim 1-3 and its to matching electricity consumption
The control method that silhouette is rung, which is characterized in that the electric system injects active power extraction percentage and is specially：
Because of the active power of demand response reduction, the percentage of the total active power of electric system before demand response is implemented is accounted for, to
Weigh the influence that Respondence to the Price of Electric Power injects Power Systems.
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