CN108170926A - A kind of information data acquisition of river valley grassland degeneration situation and analysis method - Google Patents
A kind of information data acquisition of river valley grassland degeneration situation and analysis method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Information data acquisition and analysis method, specific steps the invention discloses a kind of river valley grassland degeneration situation include：Acquisition NDVI data, acquisition dem data, information processing, data conversion, vegetation coverage inverting, grassland degeneration grade classification, grassland degeneration cold heat point analysis, grassland degeneration spatio-temporal change analysis, the distribution of grassland degeneration cold heat point are with developing, the height above sea level minute of river valley grassland degeneration is different, Grass cover degree is analyzed, grassland degeneration factor analysis, the present invention passes through grassland degeneration grade classification figure, the surveyed apparent region of region grassland degeneration grade can be analyzed on the whole, and data analysis is more intuitive；Show that grassland degeneration becomes apparent with improved spatial diversity by cold heat point analysis；It is analyzed by Grass cover degree, it can be with quantitative analysis and the degenerative character on the meadow of the different covering grades of expression；It is more accurate to the analysis of grassland degeneration situation by climate temperature, rainfall and the analysis for herding situation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grassland degeneration improving technology field, specially a kind of information data of river valley grassland degeneration situation is adopted
Collection and analysis method.
Background technology
Under irrational utilization, the process that grassland ecosystem retrogression of succession, productivity decline claims grassland degeneration, also referred to as careless
Original is degenerated.Main performance is that the height, cover degree, yield and quality of grassland vegetation decline, and Soil Habitat deteriorates, production capacity and life
State deterioration.For a long time, large-scale grassland degeneration, caused is not only the decline of meadow productivity itself, is also caused
The deterioration of the ecological environment and the threat to human survival and development.Natural meadow is in arid, dust storm, water erosion, saline and alkaline, waterlogging, underground
Under the influence of the unfavorable natural cause such as SEA LEVEL VARIATION or overgraze and irrational utilizations or dig excessively with mowing etc., cut excessively, gather firewood and adopt
Grassland vegetation is destroyed, grassland ecological environment is caused to deteriorate, Grassland Herbage biological yield reduces, quality decline, grassland utilization performance
The process for reducing or even losing utility value is known as grassland degeneration.Grassland degeneration includes grassland degeneration, desertification and salination.
Influence of the grassland degeneration to environment is particularly severe, existing grass-land deterioration Information Collecting ＆ Processing method, too simple,
Applicability is relatively low.And China River Valley Region is more, common grass-land deterioration Information Collecting ＆ Processing method for River Valley Region more
Complicated landform can not carry out reasonable analysis, and data are inaccurate, and the result accuracy of data processing is low, credible low, it is impossible to suitable
For river valley Pasture management.
Invention content
Information data acquisition and analysis method the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of river valley grassland degeneration situation, from more
Aspect carries out Information Collecting ＆ Processing, draws level dataization analyzing and processing, show that data are accurately high, highly reliable, has solved above-mentioned
The problem of mentioning, the information data acquisition of the river valley grassland degeneration situation and analysis method are as follows：
S1：Regional vegetation cover index is surveyed in acquisition, and the NDVI data in region are surveyed by remote sensing technology acquisition；
S2：It obtains and surveys the Law of DEM Data of region landform, pass through GPS, total powerstation, space flight image or existing
Shape figure obtains the dem data for surveying region；
S3：Information processing, NDVI and dem data to acquisition have carried out Data Format Transform, have inlayed, projection transform and grind
Study carefully area's extraction process；
S4：Data are converted, and livestock breeding stock data are converted to standard sheep unit, to goat, donkey, ox and horse quantity point
It is not converted in 0.8,3,5 and 6 ratio；
S5：Vegetation coverage inverting, using Pixel scrambling come inverting grassland vegetation coverage, calculation formula is as follows：
S6：Grassland degeneration grade classification, according to standard by grassland vegetation cover degree relative to meadow vegetation cover degree of not degenerating
Percentage Grassland degradation degree is divided into do not degenerate, slightly 5 grades of degeneration, gently degraded, heavy-degraded and pole heavy-degraded；
S7：Grassland degeneration cold heat point analysis, utilizes Getis-Ord Gi* analyze identify degeneration meadow " hot spot " and
The spatial framework of " cold spot ", analyzes its Characteristics of Evolution, and calculation formula is：
S8：Grassland degeneration spatio-temporal change analysis, the criteria for classifying and its computational methods of the grassland degeneration grade in S6,
The grassland degeneration ranking score Butut that three period sections survey region is made, counts the area on each period difference degradation level meadow
And ratio；
S9：Grassland degeneration cold heat point is distributed and develops, this to be improved grade in grassland degeneration grade is further
Be subdivided into slight improvement, moderate improves, height improves and high degree improves, 4 grades, and with 5 grades in S6, composition 9
The code of a grade, and pass through the value that this 9 codes calculate pixel Gi* one by one, obtain degeneration meadow cold heat point distribution map；
S10：The height above sea level of river valley grassland degeneration point is different, passes through three in degeneration meadow cold heat the point distribution map and S8 in S9
A period section surveys the grassland degeneration ranking score Butut in region, makes three period grassland vegetation coverages and changes ratio with height above sea level
The scatter plot of variation；
S11：Grass cover degree is analyzed, and the grassland vegetation coverage variation ratio scatter plot in S10 makes meadow and moves back
Change the relational graph with Grass cover degree, and vegetation coverage is divided by the threshold value of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% sum of covering
5 low cover degree, middle low cover degree, middle coverage, middle high coverage and high coverage grades, to respectively covering in each degradation level
The ratio on cover degree grade meadow is counted, and analyzes the relationship of grassland degeneration and Grass cover degree and the saturation of NDVI lacks
Fall into the influence to grassland degeneration；
S12：Grassland degeneration factor analysis according to the three periods section mentioned in S8, carries out the rainfall in three period sections
Amount, temperature record acquire and are fabricated to line chart by horizontal axis of the time, and the livestock breeding stock in S4 carries out conversion statistics, and
Data line chart is fabricated to, and analyzed with reference to line chart for horizontal axis according to the time；
S13：It summarizes, according to MODIS NDVI data and Pixel scrambling, inverting vegetation coverage, to grassland degeneration
Change in time and space specificity analysis, and draw a conclusion.
Preferably, the NDVI data mentioned in the S1 use the MODIS data of long-term sequence.
Preferably, in S1, to reduce the interference of the noise informations such as cloud covering, annual 23 phase NDVI sequence data is carried out
Savitzky-Golay filtering process, and year NDVI data are synthesized using maximum value synthetic method (MVC methods), with vegetation in year
NDVI maximum values represent year vegetation growth status.
Preferably, in S3, to keep data precision and making NDVI data consistent with dem data Pixel size, by year
NDVI data and DEM resamplings are 50m × 50m.
Preferably, the calculation formula in the S5, wherein, FcRepresent grassland vegetation coverage, NDVIsoilIt is pure for research area
The NDVI values of exposed soil pixel,It is special according to research area's NDVI image histograms for the NDVI values of pure vegetative coverage pixel
Point, in NDVI and coverage conversion process, it is NDVI to take NDVI values at the 5% of research area's NDVI image histogramssoilValue, takes
NDVI values are at 95%Value.
Preferably, the calculation formula in the S7, wherein, wherein xjIt is the grassland degeneration level code of pixel j, wI, jFor
With the space weight of distance rule definition between pixel i and j, similary spatial dimension is adjacent to 1, and non-conterminous is 0, n total for pixel
Number, in addition：Statistics is that z is worth point, and z scores are higher, hot spot
High level pixel is more assembled, and z scores are lower, and the low value pixel of cold spot is more assembled.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention is divided using MODIS NDVI data and pixel two
Model, inverting vegetation coverage have carried out reasonable analysis to the spatial-temporal characteristics of grassland degeneration：
1st, by grassland degeneration grade classification figure, the surveyed apparent area of region grassland degeneration grade can be analyzed on the whole
Domain, data analysis are more intuitive；
2nd, show the cold heat pattern of river valley grassland degeneration by the comparison of " degeneration " and " not changing " by cold heat point analysis
In order to " degenerate " and the comparison of " improvement ", grassland degeneration becomes apparent with improved spatial diversity for transformation；
3rd, at the different aspect of height above sea level point, it intuitive can obtain and the Grassland information situation of Different Altitude is analyzed；
4th, it is analyzed by Grass cover degree, it can be with quantitative analysis and the degenerative character on the meadow of the different covering grades of expression；
5th, it is more accurate to the analysis of grassland degeneration situation by climate temperature, rainfall and the analysis for herding situation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is research of embodiment of the present invention area schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is Ili River Valley 2001-2015 grassland degeneration grade figures of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is Ili River Valley degeneration of embodiment of the present invention meadow cold heat point distribution map；
Fig. 4 changes ratio with altitude change scatter plot for grassland vegetation of embodiment of the present invention coverage；
Fig. 5 changes ratio for grassland vegetation of embodiment of the present invention coverage and changes scatter plot with vegetation coverage；
Fig. 6 is 2001-2015 Ili River Valleys temperature of the embodiment of the present invention and changes and precipitation curve graph；
Fig. 7 is 2001-2015 Ili River Valley livestock breeding stock change curves of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, to this
Invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1
It is below the specific implementation process of the invention in Xinjiang of China Ili River Valley.
Ili River Valley is located at the Xinjiang northwestward, and motherland border area due to its special features of terrain, can retain land west wind
The moistening steam brought becomes the oasis of Xinjiang maximum and the Important Water Source in the transnational river Yilihe River.Plentiful drop
Water creates advantage for vegetation growth, and meadow is developed in Ili River Valley, is the most wide surface cover class of the differentiation cloth area
Type provides important leverage for Regional Biodiversity protection, the maintenance of water conservation, the ecological balance.Meanwhile meadow in river valley
Resource is high-quality, also becomes the famous pastoral area in the whole nation.However, with Ili River Valley expanding economy and the increase of population, people
Class activity also constantly enhances the interference of grassland ecology, the grassland degenerations such as grassland area reduction and reducing of the productivity for thus causing
The problems such as gradually deteriorate, seriously affect the sound development of Liao Gai areas Ecological Stabilization and animal husbandry.Thus, study Ili River Valley
Grassland degeneration quantitative characteristic analyzes the formulation and implementation of its change in time and space and its influence factor to area's grassland ecology safeguard measure
With great importance.In recent years, multidigit scholar has carried out Ili River Valley vegetation dynamic changes correlative study, but shortage pair
The further investigation of grassland degeneration.
Remote sensing technology is the main means of large scale vegetation cover degree Quantitative study.Normalized differential vegetation index
(Normalized Differential Vegetation Index, NDVI) is linearly related to vegetation cover degree, can
With quantitative response Vegetation trends feature, therefore it is widely used in Vegetation trends and grassland degeneration monitoring.At present, common long-time
Sequence NDVI data mainly have NOAA-AVHRR NDVI and TERRA-MODIS NDVI.Relative to AVHRR data, MODIS data
Although time series is shorter, its spatial resolution is higher, can more fully reflect the spatial diversity of surface vegetation, thus is measuring
More advantage when changing the smaller basin vegetative coverage of space scale.
Herein in the realistic problem of Ili River Valley area grassland degeneration, using MODIS remote sensing image datas, inverting she
River valley 2001-2015 grassland vegetation coverages are ploughed, mark is evaluated in the grassland degeneration based on vegetation coverage formulated with reference to country
Standard is analyzed and evaluated Ili River Valley Grassland degradation degree, and combination DEM ((Digital Elevation Model)
The spatial and temporal variation of figurate number grassland degeneration according to statistics, to be Ili River Valley Dynamic monitoring, ecological protection and sustainable
It develops and uses and scientific basis is provided.
1 research area's overview
Ili River Valley is located at 80 ° 09 ' 42 " -84 ° 56 ' 50 " E, between 42 ° 14 ' 16 " -44 ° 53 ' 30 " N, is located in Eurasian big
Lu Zhongxin, whole region east, south, three face high mountain of north are surround, and Yi Li valley floors, Kunes paddy is distributed in a varied topography, river composite
5 ground, Tekes valley floor, Keshen river valley hills and Zhaosu Basin region units.Ili River Valley topography is high in the east and low in the west, the narrow west in east
Width is westwards opened wide in trumpet type, and westerlies moistens steam and is forced lifting condensation by this influence of topography, forms plentiful precipitation, makes it
As the wet island in the Western Regions.The whole district is controlled by middle temperate continental climate and alpine climate, average annual precipitation 200-800mm, annual
2.9-9.1 DEG C of temperature, average annual sunshine time 2700-3000h.Vegetation distribution by the influence of topography, development have desert, grassland, grassy marshland,
Five big vegetation pattern of forest and intrazonal vegetation, herbosa physically well develops, and is the high-quality grassland in Xinjiang, and main Steppe Plants have her
Plough thin,tough silk wormwood artemisia (Seriphidium transiliense), prostrata summercypress (Kochiaprostrata (L.) Schrad.), serpentgrass
(Viviparum L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), chrysanthemum potentilla chinensis (Potentilla chrysantha), Huang
Russian fenugreek herb (Medicago falcata), Stipa capillata (Stipa capillata), grassland sedge (Carex liparocarpos),
Annual bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Iris Kaemferi Sieb (Iris ruthenica) etc..
2 materials and methods
2.1 data sources and pretreatment
NDVI data are MODIS MOD13Q1 products, are issued by NASA EOS data centers of the U.S., and spatial resolution is
250m, temporal resolution 16d, annual 23 phase, time series are in December, -2015 in January, 2001, altogether 345 issue evidence.
Dem data is American Space General Administration (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA) and state
The 90m spatial discriminations of Fang Bu State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (National Imagery and Mapping Agency, NIMA) combined measurement
The SRTM data of rate.Yining is come to life with the meteorological data of three National primary standard weather stations of Nilka from China Meteorological Administration's meteorology
Data center, the moon generated data including temperature and precipitation.Livestock inventories evidence comes from《Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Ili counts year
Mirror》With《Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions's statistical yearbook》.
NDVI and dem data to acquisition carried out Data Format Transform, inlay, projection transform and research area extraction etc.
Reason.To reduce the interference of the noise informations such as cloud covering, Savitzky-Golay filters have been carried out to annual 23 phase NDVI sequence data
Wave processing, and year NDVI data are synthesized using maximum value synthetic method (MVC methods), represent year vegetation with vegetation NDVI maximum values in year
Upgrowth situation.Finally, to keep data precision and making NDVI data consistent with dem data Pixel size, by year NDVI data with
DEM resamplings are 50m × 50m.
For livestock breeding stock data are converted to standard sheep unit, to goat, donkey, ox and horse quantity respectively by 0.8,3,
5 and 6 ratio is converted.
2.2 research method
2.2.1 vegetation cover degree inverting
Grassland vegetation coverage is studied come inverting using Pixel scrambling, calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：FcRepresent grassland vegetation coverage, NDVIsoilTo study the NDVI values of the pure exposed soil pixel in area,For
The NDVI values of pure vegetative coverage pixel.According to research area NDVI image histogram features, and forefathers' experience is referred to, in NDVI with covering
In cover degree conversion process, it is NDVI to take NDVI values at the 5% of research area's NDVI image histogramssoilValue, takes NDVI values at 95%
ForValue.
2.2.2 grassland degeneration grade classification
Grassland degeneration is a relative concept, is moved back with the variation of former and later two single time vegetation coverages to calculate meadow
Change degree can bring large error due to the random fluctuation of vegetation coverage to grassland degeneration evaluation.It is influenced by dry and wet, the Yilihe River
Paddy vegetative coverage is there are larger year border fluctuation, the vegetation growth random wave generated to weaken single time hydrothermal condition quality
The dynamic influence estimated grassland degeneration, is divided into three times by the Grass cover degree time series data of 2001-2015 herein
Section, i.e. 2001-2005,2006-2010 and 2011-2015, each period vegetative coverage water is represented with 5 annual means
It is flat, and respectively 2001- is analyzed using 2001-2005 periods and 2006-2010 period vegetative coverage levels as benchmark is judged
Between 2010 (2006-2010 is to 2001-2005) between 2001-2015 (2011-2015 is to 2001-2005) and
(2011-2015 is to 2006-2010) three period Ili River Valley grassland degeneration spatial-temporal characteristics between 2006-2015.
《Degraded natural grassland, desertification, saliferous graded index》(national standard [19377-2003]) standard presses grassland vegetation
Cover degree Grassland degradation degree is divided into relative to the percentage for meadow vegetation cover degree of not degenerating do not degenerate, slightly degenerate, moderate moves back
5 grades of change, heavy-degraded and pole heavy-degraded.Herein with reference in the standard base, the meadow that will not degenerate be refined as not changing and
Improve 2 grades, with the detailed space characteristics for showing Ili River Valley meadow, detailed grade and the criteria for classifying are shown in Table 1.
1 grassland degeneration grade of table and grade scale
2.2.3 grassland degeneration cold heat point analysis
Cold heat analysis is for high level (hot spot) of the identification with statistical significance and the space clustering of low value (cold spot).This
Text analyzes the spatial framework of " hot spot " and " cold spot " to identify degeneration meadow using Getis-Ord Gi*, analyzes it and develops spy
Sign.Calculation formula is：
Wherein xjIt is the grassland degeneration level code of pixel j, wI, jWith the space of distance rule definition between pixel i and j
Weight, similary spatial dimension are adjacent to 1, and non-conterminous be 0, n is sum of all pixels, in addition：
Statistics is that z is worth point, and z scores are higher, and high level (hot spot) pixel is more assembled, and z scores are lower, and low value is (cold
Point) pixel more assembles.
3 results and analysis
3.1 Ili River Valley grassland degeneration spatio-temporal change analysis
According to the criteria for classifying and its computational methods of grassland degeneration grade, made in 2001-2015 three periods she
River valley grassland degeneration hierarchic space distribution map (Fig. 2) is ploughed, has counted the area and ratio on each period difference degradation level meadow
(table 2).
Figure it is seen that the entire period Ili River Valley degeneration meadow of 2001-2015 occupies very wide range, river
Yilihe River in paddy, Kunes river, Kashi River, 4 rivers of Tekes River both sides flood plain, low mountain or SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA and
Zhaosu Basin periphery is the main body distributed area of grassland degeneration.According to statistical result in table 2, in 15 years Ili River Valley Degenerated ground
Product is 114.25 × 104hm2, accounts for the 46.18% of the meadow gross area, wherein with slight degrading scale highest, area 104.10
× 104hm2, accounts for the 33.33% of the meadow gross area, Degenerated main body be distributed in low mountain or SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA in region；It is other
Grade ratio is smaller, and the ratio of moderate, severe and pole heavy-degraded is respectively 8.80%, 3.33% and 0.72%, main to be distributed
Flood plain and low-relief terrain in lower reaches of river river valley both sides；The area for improving meadow accounts for 1.41%, is distributed in Yilihe River north
Bank goes out border mouthful near zone.
The different degradation level grassland areas of table 2 and ratio
For two different times between 2001-2010 and between 2006-2015, meadow ratio is not changed by 72.84%
75.71% is increased, degeneration meadow toatl proportion also reduces to 17.5% by 25.78%, does not indicate that grassland degeneration trend obtains
To torsion, and only show that the meadow of large area maintains situation between 2001-2010, the area on degeneration meadow still is continuing to expand
, the degeneration area having a net increase of accounts for the 17.5% of the meadow gross area up to 54.65 × 104hm2.Spatially, Kashi River downstream south
The A Wule of bank draws Shanxi section SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA meadow to maintain preneoplastic state, and the low-relief terrain of Tekes River downstream river valley both sides is careless
Degeneration (Fig. 2) then takes place in ground.In addition, between 2006-2015, in Kunes river downstream southern side and Yilihe River whole process river valley two
The Grassland degradation degree of side is improved, and improves area and reaches 21.22 × 104hm2, ratio reaches the meadow gross area
6.79%.The diminution of degeneration grassland area ratio and the increase of improvement grassland area show that although grassland degeneration trend does not have
Variation, but between 2006-2015 compared between 2001-2010, the speed of grassland degeneration is obviously reduced, illustrate returning farmland to grassland,
Fence and taboo, which are herded, waits the benefit of range restorations measure gradually to start to show.
In addition, according to Ili River Valley features of terrain, the degeneration in comparison diagram 2 between 2001-2010 and between 2001-2015
The spatial distribution that meadow spatial distribution can be seen that Ili River Valley degeneration meadow is gradually expanded from lower reaches of river to midstream and upstream
, gradually expanded by the valley plain of river valley both sides and low-relief terrain Yu Xiangzhong mountains and SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA field extension, degeneration grassland area,
Not changing meadow, not only area gradually reduces, and each grade meadow patch also stepped dividing and broken.This shows Yilihe River millet straw
The trend that ground is degenerated not yet is checked, and great change not yet occurs for the grassland resources utilization mode for robbing formula, grassland ecology protection and
Sustainable development of grassland resources subjects very big pressure using remaining unchanged.
3.2 Ili River Valley degeneration meadow cold heat point distributions and evolution
Cold heat point analysis can with more intuitively showing Ili River Valley Degenerated space characteristics and its dynamic.Carry out
Before cold heat point analysis, to enhance " high level " and the contrast of " low value ", convenient for pair to " cold spot " region He " hot spot " region
Than analysis, improvement this grade in 6 grades of grassland degeneration slight improvement is further subdivided into, moderate improves, height
Improve and high degree improves 4 grades.Detailed grade, level code and the criteria for classifying is shown in Table 3.
The criteria for classifying in table 1 and table 3 has carried out grade classification to Ili River Valley degeneration meadow, utilizes 9 grades
Code calculate pixel one by oneValue obtains degeneration meadow cold heat point distribution map (Fig. 3).
Table 3 improves rank of grassland and the criteria for classifying
From figure 3, it can be seen that between 2001-2010 and between 2001-2015, " cold spot " and " hot spot " aggregation characteristic are bright
It is aobvious, and be mainly made of pole cold-zone domain (Z ＜ -2.58) and very hot region (Z ＞ 2.58), two periods, pole cold-zone domain accounts for respectively
To the 24.41% of the meadow gross area and 31.75%, very hot region accounts for 68.04% and 52.97%；Spatially, " cold spot " with
The sympatry on degeneration meadow, propagation direction are also consistent with the extension on degeneration meadow；And " hot spot " is not gathered in improvement
The distributed area on meadow, and with not changing the sympatry on meadow, the ratio for improving meadow in two period " hot spot " areas only accounts for
To 1.02% and 1.35%, and unchanged ratio has accounted for 91.98% and 73.53%.During for 2006-2015
Section, " hot spot " ratio are obviously reduced, but the distributed area with improving meadow is consistent, and improving meadow ratio in " hot spot " aggregation accounts for
33.63%；" cold spot " distribution is consistent with degeneration distribution, but contains 67.12% unchanged change meadow.
Can be seen that between 2001-2015 by above-mentioned analysis, Ili River Valley degeneration meadow present " cold spot " enhancing with
The dynamic evolution that " hot spot " weakens, evolution process are consistent with the change in time and space on degeneration meadow；But in cold heat point analysis result
" hot spot " is distributed the aggregation characteristic for not representing " high level " (meadow upgrading area), but reflects the aggregation spy for not changing meadow
Sign, this is because Ili River Valley improvement grassland area proportion is too small (only accounting for 1.41%) between 2001-2015, exhausted big portion
Divide and do not changed occupied by meadow (accounting for 52.41%) and degeneration meadow (accounting for 46.18%), formation is " degeneration " and " not changing "
Cold and hot comparison pattern；However between 2006-2015, the 33.63% of " hot spot " distributed area is enhanced " high level " institute on meadow
It occupies, and the area ratio on the degeneration meadow in " cold spot " distributed area representated by " low value " is also reduced, " cold spot " and " heat
What the pattern of point " showed is the comparison of " degeneration " and " improvement ", and cold and hot pattern feature is changed.It can thus be seen that
Between 2006-2015, the feature of the degeneration on Ili River Valley meadow not only shows that catagen speed is reduced, and it is different with
There is the spatial diversity degenerated with improved in variation tendency between 2001-2010 and between 2001-2015 based on degeneration,
Illustrate that the single variation tendency based on degenerating changes, variation tendency is more polynary.
The height above sea level of 3.3 Ili River Valley grassland degenerations point is different
From figures 2 and 3, it will be seen that Ili River Valley grassland degeneration is there are apparent height above sea level is point different, to verify grassland degeneration
The fractionation mode of institute's altitude change has made tri- period meadows of 2001-2010,2006-2015 and 2001-2015 and has planted
It is coated scatter plot (Fig. 4) of the cover degree variation ratio with altitude change.
The boundary line of different grassland degeneration grades and the vegetation cover degree variation ratio minimum corresponding to each height above sea level in Fig. 4
The intersection point of value is the critical height above sea level of the degradation level, and the critical height above sea level of each degradation level is in the change of different year
Change, reflect spatio-temporal variability of the grassland degeneration with height above sea level.It can be seen from the figure that pole heavy-degraded meadow is located in three periods
It is very nearly the same with the critical height above sea level on improvement meadow under 1100m altitude traverses；And the critical height above sea level of other grades is equal
It is increased, wherein the critical height above sea level in heavy-degraded meadow is extended to the height of 1500m, gently degraded meadow by 1250m
Distribution by 1500m extends to 2100m or so, the slight main body between 2001-2010 of degenerating be distributed in 750-2250m and
The range of 3000-3500m extends to the entire scope of 750-3600m later.
Degeneration grassland area and ratio in 4 Different Altitude band of table
With the raising of each critical height above sea level in degradation level meadow, in each height above sea level band, the distribution area on degeneration meadow is also gradually
Increase.According to the result of calculation in table 4, in the height above sea level band less than 1500m, the degeneration meadow gross area is by 54.13 × 104hm2
61.32 × 104hm2 has been stepped up, has increased by 7.19 × 104hm2, it is 13.28% to increase ratio；In 1500-3000m height above sea level
In band, degeneration meadow has been stepped up 76.71 × 104hm2 by 23.45 × 104hm2, and area increases by 53.26 × 104hm2,
Increase by 2.27 times, increase area and ratio is far longer than height above sea level 1500m region below, it is most apparent to become grassland degeneration expansion
Region；Height above sea level be more than 3000m region, although degeneration meadow distribution area is smaller, also increase considerably, area by
2.99 × 104hm2 increases 6.22 × 104hm2, increases by 3.23 × 104hm2, increases by 1.08 times.
4 discuss
The influence that the saturation defect of 4.1NDVI evaluates grassland degeneration
There are the deficiencies being easily saturated in the high overlay area of vegetation by NDVI, make it anti-in agricultural output assessment and Grassland Biomass
Drill reduces estimation result when applications.Based on this, with Grass cover degree variation ratio data and 2001- between 2001-2015
2005 years section Grass cover degrees of data has made the relational graph (Fig. 5) of grassland degeneration and Grass cover degree, and by vegetation lid
Degree is divided by the threshold value of low covering 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, in low covering, middle covering, middle high covering and high covering 5
A grade counts (table 5) ratio on each coverage grade meadow in each degradation level, analyzes grassland degeneration and meadow
The relationship of coverage, and the influence that the saturation defect for inquiring into NDVI evaluates grassland degeneration.
From figure 5 it can be seen that with the raising of vegetative coverage, Grassland degradation degree gradually reduces.Generation pole heavy-degraded,
The middle covering grass that heavy-degraded and improvement meadow are mainly low covering meadow of the cover degree less than 20% and cover degree is 20%-40%
Ground, wherein, 88.41% pole heavy-degraded meadow is low covering meadow, 30.94% and 54.48% heavy-degraded and
52.13% and 34.75% improvement meadow is the low low covering meadow in；And generation is slightly degenerated and it is then main not change meadow
The high covering meadow of middle high covering meadow and cover degree more than 80% for being 60%-80% for cover degree, wherein, slightly degenerate
30.01% and 46.25% is middle height and high covering meadow, and do not change meadow 20.94% and 68.4% covers meadow for middle height
Meadow is covered with height；Occur gently degraded predominantly in low and middle covering meadow and middle high covering meadow, the ratio of three divide
It Wei 35.61%, 33.16% and 17.18%.Grassland degradation degree shows with the feature of coupling relationship relative to coverage height
Meadow, the low grassland degeneration of coverage is even more serious.
Each degradation level ratio in the different covering grade meadows of table 5
The dispersion degree of different cover degree variation ratios can also be seen that vegetation cover degree is lower from Fig. 5, and dispersion degree is got over
Height shows relative to the low meadow of coverage, the high meadow of coverage is weaker to the reaction of grassland degeneration.This aspect be due to
The reason of reduction for equivalent grass yield, the variation ratio on the high meadow of coverage is less than coverage low meadow, the opposing party
Face is since the saturation defect of NDVI can be such that the decrement of the high meadow grass yield of coverage makes from being expressed completely
The reason of its degree of degeneration is underestimated.
The above analysis is as it can be seen that can be because covering using the method that NDVI invertings vegetation coverage evaluates grassland degeneration
The high meadow of cover degree is weak to the reduction reaction of grass yield and is underestimated its degeneration, and influencing it, high overlay area meadow is moved back to vegetation
Change the sensitivity of assessment.
4.2 Ili River Valley grassland degeneration influence factors
Hydrothermal condition is the determinant for influencing grassland vegetation growth, and the Annual variations of hydrothermal condition will influence meadow plant
The upgrowth situation of quilt.By finding (Fig. 6), 2001- to the analysis of 3 National primary standard weather station temperature of Ili River Valley and precipitation
2005, the average precipitation in tri- periods of 2006-2010 and 2011-2015 be respectively 463.02mm, 422.22mm
And 392.37mm, temperature on average are respectively 7.15 DEG C, 7.60 DEG C and 7.05 DEG C, precipitation presentation persistently reduces trend, temperature
It decreases, hydrothermal condition has promoted Ili River Valley meadow to a certain extent to cold dry direction evolution, the deterioration of hydrothermal condition
Degeneration.In addition, although Ili River Valley Diagnostic predictor precipitation is relatively abundant, temperature is relatively low, therefore temperature stress is better than
Precipitation, and the Desert Regions of low altitude area are exactly the opposite.According to the variation of three period mean temperatures and precipitation in Fig. 6, relative to
2001-2005,2006-2010 temperature increase and decrease in precipitation, though the variation of hydrothermal condition improves to a certain extent
Diagnostic predictor vegetation growth condition but exacerbates the stress to desert vegetation, it is suppressed that the life of this period low altitude area area vegetation
It is long, promote the degeneration on low area of coverage meadow to a certain extent；2011-2015 temperature and precipitation are declined no matter
It is that Diagnostic predictor or low altitude area area vegetation growth condition are deteriorated, whole district's grassland degeneration is further exacerbated by.
Ili River Valley is the important husbandry sector base in China, however tradition herds and absolute ratio is still accounted in its mode of production
Example, therefore the increase of livestock number means the increase of the practical animal number in meadow.According to statistics, 2001-2015 Ili River Valleys
Livestock breeding stock increases to 1369.77 × 104 sheep units by 1146.89 × 104 sheep units, increases in 15 years
19.43% (Fig. 7).According to correlative study, the be averaged livestock of 1 sheep unit of Ili River Valley needs 0.52hm2 meadows to support, i.e., flat
The capacity for raising livestock on the grasslands on equal per hectare meadow is 1.92 sheep units, and according to the Ili River Valley livestock livestock on hand of 2001 and 2015
Number and the meadow gross area result of calculation, Ili River Valley in 2001 be averaged the practical livestock amount supported in per hectare meadow be 3.54
Sheep unit (the meadow gross area presses the areal calculation of 2000 of Zhang Hongqi statistics, and area is 324.40 × 104hm2), is arrived
4.39 are then increased at 2015, far beyond the capacity for raising livestock on the grasslands on meadow.Overgraze has direct pass with grassland degeneration
System, it is seen then that extensive husbandry sector mode, the rapid growth of livestock livestock on hand and long-term overgraze that generates therefrom are to lead
The main reason for Ili River Valley grassland degeneration is caused persistently to aggravate.
In addition, in 2010, State Council determines that province (area) implemented the pentad 8, Xinjiang etc. since 2011
Ecological protection subsidy reward mechanism, to Forage-Livestock Balance, grassland prohibit herd and herdsman production rewarded and subsidized.Based on this
Item policy, Yi Li states have been carried out the Desert grassland of 15.88 × 104hm2 and Important Water Source taboo in 2011-2013 and have been herded,
And livestock is carried out to 292.73 × 104hm2 grasslands and is transferred and resettled, it is expected to realize Forage-Livestock Balance.Taboo is herded to be transferred and resettled with livestock
The implementation of measure, the recovery for grassland ecology create advantage so that 2006-2015 periods are with respect to 2001-2010
The grassland degeneration area in period is obviously reduced, and improved grassland area is also significantly increased.
According to analysis above, the area on 2006-2015 period Ili River Valley degenerations meadow is obviously reduced, and improves meadow
Area be significantly increased, then during this period Ili River Valley meadow carry poultry pressure do not mitigate, but aggravate (Fig. 7), institute
To there is the situation that meadow carries the increase of poultry pressure and grassland degeneration deceleration, infer it is due to the sky of Grazing grassland intensity herein
Between be distributed and change.Obtain above-mentioned deduction be because：The distributed area that 2011-2015 period meadows improve is mainly distributed on low
Height above sea level in valley plain and Hong Ji sectors (2006-2015 periods scheme in Fig. 2) in front of the mountains, the mainly famine of these area distributions
The low covering class meadow such as unconcerned and desert steppe, and coverage it is low meadow it is sensitive to the reacting condition of grazing pressure, meadow changes
Kind can only be the reduction because of grazing pressure, therefore the improvement of regional vegetation covering is necessarily due to grazing pressure transfer herein
Other places have been arrived, that is, have been transferred to the region of height above sea level relative altitude, and the relatively high region of height above sea level is Mountain Meadow, meadow steppe
And the contour covering distribution area of temperate steppe, the NDVI of height covering grassland vegetation are easily saturated, and make the reduction of Grass cover degree
Amount easily underestimates the decrement of grass yield, so as to appear in grazing pressure it is increased in the case of, even if meadow grass yield significantly subtracts
Less and the decrement of vegetation coverage is limited or even show as unchanged situation, this also with 2006-2015 periods in Fig. 2
Opposite variation is consistent with 2001-2015 period grassland degeneration spatial distributions；The 2011-2015 periods are with respect to 2006- in Fig. 2
The not changed area of the meadow cover degree of period in 2010 but shows as degenerating relative to the 2001-2005 periods, shows herding
In the case of pressure is increased, the opposite decrement with the 2006-2010 periods of grassland vegetation cover degree is with being less than degradation criteria, table
Now not change, but the opposite decrement with the 2001-2005 periods is more than degradation criteria, shows as continuing to degenerate.
There is the situation that above-mentioned grazing pressure increases and Grass cover degree decrement is limited and also tests again in Ili River Valley meadow
It has demonstrate,proved to exist using the method that NDVI invertings vegetation coverage evaluates grassland degeneration and high vegetative coverage region meadow has been moved back
Change the defects of sensibility is weak.
5 conclusions
MODIS NDVI data and Pixel scrambling, inverting vegetation coverage, to Ili River Valley 2001- are utilized herein
The spatial-temporal characteristics of grassland degeneration in 2015 are studied.It draws the following conclusions：
1) between 2001-2015 Ili River Valley meadow present steady decay trend, between 15 years 46.18% meadow occur
It degenerates in various degree, but overall based on slightly degenerating；Spatially be mainly distributed on to slight Degenerated in river both sides mountain and
SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA, other degradation levels are mainly distributed on flood plain and the low-relief terrain of lower reaches of river river valley both sides.Grassland degeneration speed
Degree significantly slows down in the 2010-2015 periods, positioned at Kunes river downstream southern side and Yilihe River whole process river valley both sides flood plain
Large area meadow even makes moderate progress.
2) cold heat point analysis shows the cold heat pattern of Ili River Valley grassland degeneration by the comparison of " degeneration " and " not changing "
Transformation is in order to " degenerate " and the comparison of " improvement ", and grassland degeneration and improved spatial diversity are gradually apparent, the list based on degeneration
One variation tendency changes.
3) at height above sea level point different aspect, Grassland degradation degree increases with height above sea level and gradually reduces, and distribution is to High aititude region
Gradually extend.Height above sea level 1500m region below grassland degeneration is based on pole severe, severe and moderate, and 1500m area above is with slight
Based on；Increase by 13.28% less than degeneration meadow in 1500m height above sea level bands, and 1500-3000m height above sea level band degenerations meadow increases by 2.27
Times, it is that most apparent region, the region of more than height above sea level 3000m, degeneration meadow distribution area are expanded in grassland degeneration in Ili River Valley
Although smaller, 1.08 times are also increased.
4) degenerative character on the meadow of different covering grades is there are larger difference, with the raising of vegetative coverage, grassland degeneration
Degree gradually reduces；NDVI increases in the light saturation defect of high vegetation-covered area and the coverage of high covering vegetation to carrying poultry pressure
The weak sensitivity added is limited evaluates the method for grassland degeneration to high vegetative coverage by using NDVI invertings vegetation coverage
The quantitative expression of area's grassland degeneration.
5) long-term overgraze is the weather constantly deteriorated the main reason for Ili River Valley grassland degeneration is caused persistently to aggravate
Condition and its fluctuating change are also an important factor for promoting grassland degeneration；The range restoration that is embodied as of Grassland protection policy provides
Advantage is that grassland degeneration slows down and the main reason for variation tendency diversification.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of information data acquisition of river valley grassland degeneration situation and analysis method, it is characterised in that：The river valley grassland degeneration
The information data acquisition of situation and analysis method are as follows：
S1：Regional vegetation cover index is surveyed in acquisition, and the NDVI data in region are surveyed by remote sensing technology acquisition；
S2：The Law of DEM Data for surveying region landform is obtained, passes through GPS, total powerstation, space flight image or existing topographic map
Obtain the dem data for surveying region；
S3：Information processing, NDVI and dem data to acquisition carried out Data Format Transform, inlay, projection transform and research area
Extraction process；
S4：Data are converted, and livestock breeding stock data are converted to standard sheep unit, goat, donkey, ox and horse quantity are pressed respectively
0.8th, 3,5 and 6 ratio is converted；
S5：Vegetation coverage inverting, using Pixel scrambling come inverting grassland vegetation coverage, calculation formula is as follows：
S6：Grassland degeneration grade classification, according to standard by grassland vegetation cover degree relative to the percentage for meadow vegetation cover degree of not degenerating
Than Grassland degradation degree is divided into do not degenerate, slightly 5 grades of degeneration, gently degraded, heavy-degraded and pole heavy-degraded；
S7：Grassland degeneration cold heat point analysis, utilizes Getis-Ord Gi* it analyzes to identify " hot spot " and " cold spot " on degeneration meadow
Spatial framework, analyze its Characteristics of Evolution, calculation formula is：
S8：Grassland degeneration spatio-temporal change analysis, the criteria for classifying and its computational methods of the grassland degeneration grade in S6 make
Three period sections survey the grassland degeneration ranking score Butut in region, count the area and ratio on each period difference degradation level meadow
Example；
S9：Grassland degeneration cold heat point is distributed and develops, this to be improved grade in grassland degeneration grade is further segmented
Slightly to improve, moderate improve, height improve and it is high degree improve, 4 grades, and with 5 grades in S6, form 9 etc.
The code of grade, and pass through the value that this 9 codes calculate pixel Gi* one by one, obtain degeneration meadow cold heat point distribution map；
S10：The height above sea level of river valley grassland degeneration is point different, during by three in degeneration meadow cold heat the point distribution map and S8 in S9
Phase section surveys the grassland degeneration ranking score Butut in region, makes three period grassland vegetation coverages and changes ratio with altitude change
Scatter plot；
S11：Grass cover degree is analyzed, grassland vegetation coverage in S10 variation ratio scatter plot, make grassland degeneration with
The relational graph of Grass cover degree, and vegetation coverage is divided into low cover by the threshold value of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% sum of covering
5 cover degree, middle low cover degree, middle coverage, middle high coverage and high coverage grades, to each coverage in each degradation level
The ratio on grade meadow is counted, and analyzes the relationship of grassland degeneration and Grass cover degree and the saturation defect pair of NDVI
The influence of grassland degeneration；
S12：Grassland degeneration factor analysis according to the three periods section mentioned in S8, carries out rainfall, gas in three period sections
Warm data acquire simultaneously is fabricated to line chart by horizontal axis of the time, and the livestock breeding stock in S4 carries out conversion statistics, and according to
Time is fabricated to data line chart, and analyzed with reference to line chart for horizontal axis；
S13：It summarizes, according to MODIS NDVI data and Pixel scrambling, inverting vegetation coverage, to the space-time of grassland degeneration
Variation characteristic is analyzed, and is drawn a conclusion.
2. a kind of information data acquisition of river valley grassland degeneration situation according to claim 1 and analysis method, feature
It is：The NDVI data mentioned in the S1 use the MODIS data of long-term sequence.
3. a kind of information data acquisition of river valley grassland degeneration situation according to claim 1 and analysis method, feature
It is：In S1, to reduce the interference of the noise informations such as cloud covering, annual 23 phase NDVI sequence data is carried out
Savitzky-Golay filtering process, and year NDVI data are synthesized using maximum value synthetic method (MVC methods), with vegetation NDVI in year
Maximum value represents year vegetation growth status.
4. a kind of information data acquisition of river valley grassland degeneration situation according to claim 1 and analysis method, feature
It is：In S3, to keep data precision and making NDVI data consistent with dem data Pixel size, by year NDVI data and DEM
Resampling is 50m × 50m.
5. a kind of information data acquisition of river valley grassland degeneration situation according to claim 1 and analysis method, feature
It is：Calculation formula in the S5, wherein, FGRepresent grassland vegetation coverage, NDVIsoilFor the research pure exposed soil pixel in area
NDVI values, NDVIvegFor the NDVI values of pure vegetative coverage pixel, according to research area NDVI image histogram features, in NDVI with covering
In cover degree conversion process, it is NDVI to take NDVI values at the 5% of research area's NDVI image histogramssoilValue, takes NDVI values at 95%
For NDVIvegValue.
6. a kind of information data acquisition of river valley grassland degeneration situation according to claim 1 and analysis method, feature
It is：Calculation formula in the S7, wherein, wherein xjIt is the grassland degeneration level code of pixel j, WI, jFor pixel i and j it
Between with the space weight of distance rule definition, similary spatial dimension be adjacent to 1, non-conterminous be 0, n is sum of all pixels, in addition：Statistics is that z is worth point, and z scores are higher, the high level pixel of hot spot
More assemble, z scores are lower, and the low value pixel of cold spot is more assembled.
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