CN108170194B - High-energy-efficiency voltage driver for terminal equipment of Internet of things - Google Patents
High-energy-efficiency voltage driver for terminal equipment of Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- CN108170194B CN108170194B CN201711373684.XA CN201711373684A CN108170194B CN 108170194 B CN108170194 B CN 108170194B CN 201711373684 A CN201711373684 A CN 201711373684A CN 108170194 B CN108170194 B CN 108170194B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/461—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using an operational amplifier as final control device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/462—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc as a function of the requirements of the load, e.g. delay, temperature, specific voltage/current characteristic
- G05F1/465—Internal voltage generators for integrated circuits, e.g. step down generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
- H03K19/0175—Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements
- H03K19/017545—Coupling arrangements; Impedance matching circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
- H03K19/0175—Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements
- H03K19/0185—Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements using field effect transistors only
- H03K19/018557—Coupling arrangements; Impedance matching circuits
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-efficient voltage driver for terminal equipment of the Internet of things, which comprises two stages of operational amplifiers, wherein the left side of the operational amplifier is a first stage of the operational amplifier, and the right side of the operational amplifier is a second stage of the operational amplifier; the operational amplifier adopts a folding cascode structure at the first stage, and a source follower at the second stage; the invention does not use Miller capacitors for compensation, adopts a resistance voltage division form stabilizing circuit, does not need high-precision Miller capacitors, and reduces chip finished products and chip area. Meanwhile, the bias circuit part of the invention introduces feedback, thus improving the stability of the circuit; the second stage of the two-stage amplifier uses a source follower to increase the overall drive capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of integrated circuit design, and particularly relates to an amplifier with high driving capability for terminal equipment of the Internet of things.
Background
A voltage driver is essentially an operational amplifier, but has a larger driving capability than a normal operational amplifier. The output signal and the input signal of the fully differential operational amplifier are both differential signals, and because they all show better superiority in noise, voltage swing, bandwidth frequency, unit gain and other aspects, the fully differential form is often a high-performance nomenclature. The traditional differential amplifier is commonly provided with a single-stage differential amplifier and a two-stage differential amplifier, and the single-stage fully differential operational amplifier can be further divided into three structures of simple fully differential, telescopic common source-common gate and folding common source-common gate.
(1) As shown in fig. 1, a simple single-stage differential amplifier, Vdd represents the supply voltage, M1 and M2 form an input differential pair, M3 and M4 form a load, and the gain of such an amplifier is expressed as:
wherein: gm1 represents the transconductance of the input tube M1, ro1 and ro3 represent the output resistances of the M1 and M3 tubes.
(2) In the design process of an analog circuit, an operational amplifier of a cascode structure is the most widely used one, and can maximize a voltage gain while maintaining excellent frequency characteristics. The purpose of this structure is mostly to increase the gain as much as possible. The operational amplifier with the cascode structure is mainly divided into a sleeve type operational amplifier and a folding type operational amplifier. The structure of the telescopic cascode operational amplifier is shown in fig. 2, and compared with the simple-structure operational amplifier, two pairs of NMOS transistors are added to the telescopic cascode structure, so that the gain of the operational amplifier is greatly improved. The transconductance of the input tube in the circuit is still gm1, and the input impedance is increased to about QUOTE
Therefore, the gain of the circuit is obtained as follows:
it follows that the telescopic construction provides a much higher gain than a simple construction.
If the gain is still insufficient for the single-stage sleeve type structure, a two-stage operational amplifier structure is needed to be added for one stage, and for the two-stage operational amplifier structure, the gain is equal to the product of the gains of the front and rear two-stage operational amplifiers, so that the gain of the operational amplifier can be effectively improved, and a simple two-stage operational amplifier circuit structure is shown in fig. 3. However, the two-stage operational amplifier is generally poor in stability, that is, the phase margin is low, and at this time, a stability compensation technique is generally required to be used for stabilizing the two-stage operational amplifier, and a miller compensation technique is generally adopted, that is, a capacitor is connected across between the first-stage output and the second-stage output of the operational amplifier so as to adjust the position between the main pole and the secondary pole of the whole circuit to achieve the effect of improving the phase margin, such as the capacitor Cc in fig. 3, but this compensation adds a right half-plane zero, which is obtained through a feed-forward path of the miller capacitor, and the right half-plane zero increases a phase shift, but the amplitude is increased, which results in that the phase margin is reduced, and other techniques, such as adding a zero adjusting resistor and the like, are required to shift or cancel this zero.
Disclosure of Invention
The traditional two-stage operational amplifier uses the miller compensation technique to compensate in order to ensure the stability of the circuit and enough phase margin, but the compensation reduces the bandwidth of the circuit and introduces a new right half-plane zero point. The invention provides an energy-efficient voltage driver for terminal equipment of the Internet of things, compensation is performed without using a Miller capacitor, a circuit is stabilized in a resistance voltage division mode, the Miller capacitor with high precision is not needed, and chip finished products and chip areas are reduced. Meanwhile, the bias circuit part of the invention introduces feedback, thus improving the stability of the circuit; the second stage of the two-stage amplifier uses a source follower to increase the overall drive capability.
The invention is realized in such a way, and the high-energy-efficiency voltage driver for the terminal equipment of the Internet of things is constructed, and is characterized in that:
the high-energy-efficiency voltage driver comprises two stages of operational amplifiers, wherein the left side of the operational amplifier is a first stage of the operational amplifier, and the right side of the operational amplifier is a second stage of the operational amplifier; the operational amplifier adopts a folding cascode structure at the first stage, and a source follower at the second stage;
wherein, for the first stage of the operational amplifier, the components of the operational amplifier comprise MOS tubes M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13 and M14; the MOS tubes M1 and M2 are differential input pair tubes, M7 and M8 and M1 and M2 form a cascode, the MOS tubes M3 and M4 provide tail currents, the MOS tubes M5 and M6 provide currents, the MOS tubes M9 to M14 are loads of a first stage, the drain of the MOS tube M8 is an output Vout1 of the first stage, and the drain of the MOS tube M10 is connected with an input Vin of a second stage.
On the other hand, the energy-efficient voltage driver towards thing networking terminal equipment which characterized in that: for the first stage of the operational amplifier, the output of the first stage, Vout1, is Vgs higher than Vin, Vout2 is Vgs higher than Vin, in the case of DC, so Vout2 and Vout1 are nearly equal in the case of DC; VO is equivalent to a resistance voltage division between Vout1 and Vout2, and thus the dc voltage of VO is 0; the compensation circuit has the effects that the circuit is well compensated by using resistance voltage division, the defect of newly introduced compensation of the Miller capacitor is avoided, and the use of a high-precision capacitor is avoided.
On the other hand, the energy-efficient voltage driver towards thing networking terminal equipment which characterized in that: the gain of the second stage of the source follower is 1, and the main purpose is to increase the overall driving capability.
On the other hand, the energy-efficient voltage driver towards thing networking terminal equipment which characterized in that: the source follower of the second stage comprises MOS transistors M15, M16 and M17 and resistors R1 and R2; the resistor R1 is connected to the output Vout1 of the first stage.
On the other hand, the energy-efficient voltage driver towards thing networking terminal equipment which characterized in that: the energy efficient voltage driver further includes a bias circuit portion; the MOS transistor comprises MOS transistors M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13, M14, M15, M16, M17, M18, M19, M20, M21, M22, M23, M24, M25, M26, M27 and M28;
the corresponding NIB terminal is the current introduced from the reference circuit part;
the source of MOS transistor M11 is designated as point A, the drain of MOS transistor M11 is designated as point B, the drain of MOS transistor M12 is designated as point C, and the source of MOS transistor M14 is designated as point D, wherein point A is connected to point D. Since the MOS transistor M11 is current-mirror connected, the current is determined by NIB and is irrelevant to MOS transistors M11 and M12, therefore, if the voltage at the point A is increased, and the voltage at the point B is increased to ensure the current to be unchanged, the voltage at the point C is reduced, and correspondingly, the voltage at the point D is reduced, thus forming negative feedback; the drain current of the MOS transistor M14 is the tail current of the first stage of the operational amplifier part; and the bias nbias1 is led out from the drain of MOS transistor M18, nbias2 is led out from the drain of MOS transistor M12, and nbias3 is led out from the drain of MOS transistor M28.
The invention has the following advantages: the invention provides an energy-efficient voltage driver for terminal equipment of the Internet of things, compensation is not carried out by using a Miller capacitor, a circuit is stabilized in a resistance voltage division mode, the Miller capacitor with high precision is not needed, and chip finished products and chip areas are reduced. Meanwhile, the bias circuit part of the invention introduces feedback, thus improving the stability of the circuit; the second stage of the two-stage amplifier uses a source follower to increase the overall drive capability. In other words, the present invention has the advantages of larger driving capability, reduced cost, reduced chip area, more stable circuit, etc. Meanwhile, stability compensation is not performed by using a Miller compensation technology, and compensation is performed by skillfully using resistor voltage division, so that the use of a high-precision capacitor is well avoided, and the difficulty in implementation is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simple fully differential operational amplifier;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic cascode operational amplifier;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simple two-stage operational amplifier configuration;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of a driver body of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bias circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an energy-efficient voltage driver for terminal equipment of the Internet of things by improvement; as shown in fig. 4-5, this can be implemented as follows;
the driver main body circuit of the design is shown in FIG. 4; the operational amplifier is essentially a two-stage operational amplifier, the left side of the dotted line is the first stage of the operational amplifier, and the right side of the dotted line is the second stage of the operational amplifier. The operational amplifier adopts a folding cascode structure at the first stage, and is a very simple source follower at the second stage.
The first stages M1 and M2 are differential input pair transistors, M7 and M8 and M1 and M2 form a cascode, M3 and M4 provide tail currents, M5 and M6 provide currents, M9 to M14 are loads of the first stages, the drain of M8 is an output Vout1 of the first stages, and the drain of M10 is connected with an input Vin of the second stages. The first stage is a very standard folded cascode amplifier configuration. The second stage is a very simple source follower with a gain of 1, the main purpose being to increase the overall drive capability.
In the case of direct current DC, Vout1 is Vgs higher than Vin and Vout2 is Vgs higher than Vin, so Vout2 and Vout1 are nearly equal in the case of direct current. VO is equivalent to a resistance voltage division between Vout1 and Vout2, and thus it is known that the dc voltage of VO is 0. The circuit is well compensated by using resistance voltage division, the defect of newly introduced compensation of the Miller capacitor is avoided, the high-precision capacitor is avoided, and the cost and the area are reduced.
The bias circuit portion of the present design is shown in fig. 5. NIB is the current drawn from the reference circuit portion. In the figure, the source of M11 is denoted as point A, the drain of M11 is denoted as point B, the drain of M12 is denoted as point C, and the source of M14 is denoted as point D, wherein point A is connected with point D. Since M11 is current-mirrored, its current is determined by NIB, and is independent of M11 and M12, so that if the voltage at point a rises, the voltage at point B rises to keep the current constant, the voltage at point C falls, and correspondingly the voltage at point D falls, thus forming negative feedback. The drain current of M14 is the current I of the operational amplifier part. While the bias nbias1 is drawn from the drain of M18, nbias2 is drawn from the drain of M12, and nbias3 is drawn from the drain of M28.
Through the above description, the high-energy-efficiency voltage driver for the terminal equipment of the internet of things provided by the invention has the advantages of larger driving capability, reduced cost, reduced chip area, more stable circuit and the like. Meanwhile, stability compensation is not performed by using a Miller compensation technology, and compensation is performed by skillfully using resistor voltage division, so that the use of a high-precision capacitor is well avoided, and the difficulty in implementation is reduced.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a towards thing networking terminal equipment's energy-efficient voltage driver which characterized in that:
the high-energy-efficiency voltage driver comprises two stages of operational amplifiers, wherein the left side of the operational amplifier is a first stage of the operational amplifier, and the right side of the operational amplifier is a second stage of the operational amplifier; the operational amplifier adopts a folding cascode structure at the first stage, and a source follower at the second stage;
wherein, for the first stage of the operational amplifier, the components of the operational amplifier comprise MOS tubes M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13 and M14; the MOS tubes M1 and M2 are differential input pair tubes, M7, M8, M1 and M2 form a cascode, the MOS tubes M3 and M4 provide tail currents, the MOS tubes M5 and M6 provide currents, the MOS tubes M9 to M14 are loads of a first stage, the drain of the MOS tube M8 is an output Vout1 of the first stage, and the drain of the MOS tube M10 is connected with an input Vin of a second stage;
for the first stage of the operational amplifier, the output of the first stage, Vout1, is Vgs higher than Vin, Vout2 is Vgs higher than Vin, in the case of DC, so Vout2 and Vout1 are nearly equal in the case of DC; VO is equivalent to a resistance voltage division between Vout1 and Vout2, and thus the dc voltage of VO is 0; the compensation circuit has the effects that the circuit is well compensated by using resistance voltage division, the defect of newly introduced compensation by using a Miller capacitor is avoided, and a high-precision capacitor is avoided; where Vout2 is the second stage output.
2. The energy-efficient voltage driver for the terminal equipment of the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein: the gain of the second stage of the source follower is 1, and the main purpose is to increase the overall driving capability.
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