CN108169786B - Feedback monitoring system and method for ion beam current intensity of superconducting cyclotron - Google Patents
Feedback monitoring system and method for ion beam current intensity of superconducting cyclotron Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feedback monitoring system and method for ion beam current intensity of a superconducting cyclotron, which comprises an upper computer, an FPGA electronic control unit, a filament power supply, an arc power supply, an ion source filament, an accelerator Faraday barrel, a transportation line and a nano-class amplifier; the filament power supply heats the filament to generate electrons, the electrons collide with hydrogen to generate ions, the ions are led out by high-frequency voltage and hit on a Faraday barrel arranged at the outlet of the deflection plate, the Faraday barrel is connected with a nanoampere-level current amplifier through a coaxial cable, and the ions are collected by the FPGA electronic control unit and uploaded to an upper computer to monitor the ion beam current intensity value. The invention adopts the anti-interference coaxial cable, the simple and practical Faraday barrel and the FPGA electronic unit for rapid processing, effectively feeds back and monitors the beam current intensity value of the patient to be treated, increases the system stability of the patient to be treated and realizes the plan of the patient to be treated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superconducting cyclotrons, and particularly relates to a feedback monitoring system and method for ion beam current intensity of a superconducting cyclotrons.
Background
With the rapid development of nuclear medicine, accelerators have been widely used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) technology, isotope production, proton therapy. Among them, proton therapy is considered as "carcinogenic sharps". This is the most prominent radiotherapy technique in the medical field today. Proton therapy is a more advanced radiotherapy than traditional X-ray radiotherapy, and is favored by more and more medical experts and patients due to its characteristics of precise treatment, small side effects, and high-dose targeted irradiation. In 1931, the first cyclotron in the world was created, opening a new era of artificially producing radioactive elements. With the development of high-energy physics and nuclear physics technologies, other types of accelerators are emerging in succession, such as classical cyclotrons, synchrotrons, and isochronous cyclotrons.
However, the conventional accelerator is large in size, occupies a large space, is high in cost, low in beam current intensity precision, unstable in a control system and the like, and has a plurality of medical accidents since the accelerator is put into medical treatment. Therefore, a compact superconducting cyclotron with high beam current intensity precision and stable control system is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing accelerator ion beam current intensity control system in the background technology, the invention provides a feedback monitoring system and method for the ion beam current intensity of a superconducting cyclotron, the method is simple and practical, and the beam current intensity value of a patient to be treated and the beam current value required by output can be effectively monitored.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the system comprises an FPGA electronic control unit, an ion source filament and an accelerator Faraday barrel;
the FPGA electronic control unit exchanges signals with the upper computer through a coaxial cable;
the output end of the FPGA electronic control unit is respectively connected with the input ends of the filament power supply and the arc power supply through coaxial cables;
the output ends of the filament power supply and the arc power supply are connected with the input end of the ion source filament through coaxial cables;
the output end of the ion source filament is connected with the input end of an accelerator Faraday barrel;
the accelerator Faraday barrel is arranged at the outlet of the deflection plate, the first output end of the accelerator Faraday barrel is connected with the input end of a transport line, the second output end of the accelerator Faraday barrel is connected with the input end of a nanoampere-level current amplifier through a coaxial cable, and the transport line is arranged at the outlet of the accelerator;
and the output end of the nanoamp current amplifier is connected with the input end of the FPGA electronic control unit through a coaxial cable.
Furthermore, the upper computer is used for converting the set ion source beam current intensity into current in a beam current intensity percentage mode and transmitting the current to the FPGA electronic control unit through the coaxial cable.
Furthermore, the upper computer is also connected with the FPGA electronic control unit through the Ethernet, and parameters are transmitted through the Ethernet while the coaxial cable is used for transmission.
Furthermore, the Faraday barrel of the accelerator is conical, and the diameter of the opening of the barrel is smaller than that of the bottom of the barrel.
Furthermore, the FPGA electronic control unit converts the current into a digital signal for processing and storing after receiving the current transmitted by the upper computer;
and the FPGA electronic control unit is also used for converting the digital signals into currents and then respectively transmitting the currents to the filament power supply and the arc power supply through the coaxial cable, and respectively controlling the voltage of the arc power supply and the current of the filament power supply.
Further, the filament power supply and the arc power supply are both used for heating the filament to generate electrons and generate ions through collision with hydrogen.
Further, the ion source filament is used for leading out ions generated by high-frequency voltage to the Faraday barrel.
Further, the accelerator Faraday bucket is used for conveying high-energy ions to the accelerator and the nanoamp current amplifier respectively.
Further, the nanoamp-level current amplifier is used for transmitting the ion beam current signal to the FPGA electronic control unit.
The feedback monitoring method for the ion beam current intensity of the superconducting cyclotron comprises the following steps:
(1) the filament power supply and the arc power supply heat the filament to generate electrons, and the electrons collide with hydrogen to generate ions;
(2) the ions are led out by the high-frequency voltage in the superconducting accelerator and hit an accelerator Faraday barrel arranged at the outlet of the deflection plate, and the accelerator Faraday barrel collects the high-energy ions;
(3) the accelerator Faraday barrel conveys the collected high-energy ions to a nano-ampere current amplifier through a coaxial cable;
(4) the nanoamp current amplifier transmits ions to the FPGA electronic control unit through the coaxial cable, the ions are collected by the FPGA electronic control unit and uploaded to an upper computer, and the upper computer monitors the ion beam current intensity value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the anti-interference coaxial cable, which can effectively solve the electromagnetic interference problem under the working environment of the accelerator; the invention adopts the simple and practical conical Faraday barrel, which can improve the collection efficiency of high-energy electrons; the invention adopts the FPGA electronic unit for rapid processing, and can realize rapid real-time monitoring and recording; the invention effectively feeds back and monitors the beam current intensity value of the patient to be treated, increases the system stability of the patient to be treated, and can output the required beam current when preparing before treating the patient, thereby realizing the plan of treating the patient.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for feedback monitoring of ion beam current intensity of a medical superconducting cyclotron according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating percentage conversion of beam current to current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of beam current versus arc current for an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 4 is a schematic view of a faraday cup of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a coaxial cable electromagnetic field profile of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The medical superconducting cyclotron comprises an ion source and an acceleration cavity, wherein the ion source comprises a filament, an arc power supply, a filament power supply and hydrogen, the acceleration cavity comprises a magnetic field system, a high-frequency system, a central area and a vacuum system, the central area is provided with a central area deflection plate, and the periphery of the central area is provided with symmetrical radio frequency D boxes; as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises an FPGA electronic control unit, an ion source filament, and an accelerator faraday barrel, wherein the FPGA electronic control unit is connected with an upper computer through a coaxial cable, an output end of the FPGA electronic control unit is connected with input ends of a filament power supply and an arc power supply through a coaxial cable, output ends of the filament power supply and the arc power supply are both connected with an input end of the ion source filament through a coaxial cable, an output end of the ion source filament is connected with an input end of the accelerator faraday barrel, a first output end of the accelerator faraday barrel is connected with an input end of a transport line, a second output end of the faraday barrel is connected with an input end of a nanoampere-level current amplifier through a coaxial cable, and an output end of the nanoampere-level current amplifier is connected with an input end of;
the upper computer is connected with the FPGA electronic control unit through a coaxial cable, converts the set ion source beam current intensity into current in the form of beam current intensity percentage and transmits the current to the FPGA electronic control unit through the coaxial cable; the upper computer is also connected with the FPGA electronic control unit through the Ethernet, and parameters are transmitted through the Ethernet while the coaxial cable is used for transmission;
the output end of the FPGA electronic control unit is connected with the input ends of the filament power supply and the arc power supply through a coaxial cable, the FPGA electronic control unit converts the current into a digital signal after receiving the current transmitted by an upper computer, processes and stores the digital signal, converts the digital signal into the current, respectively transmits the current to the filament power supply and the arc power supply through the coaxial cable, and respectively controls the voltage of the arc power supply and the current of the filament power supply; the FPGA electronic control unit is a microsecond-level processing unit and can realize rapid real-time monitoring and recording;
the filament power supply and the arc power supply are both connected with the ion source filament, the filament power supply and the arc power supply heat the filament to generate electrons, and the electrons collide with hydrogen to generate ions;
the ion source filament is connected with the accelerator Faraday barrel, and ions generated by the ion source filament are led out through high-frequency voltage and hit the accelerator Faraday barrel; the accelerator Faraday barrel is arranged at the outlet of the deflection plate, the diameter of the opening of the accelerator Faraday barrel is smaller than that of the bottom of the barrel, and the accelerator Faraday barrel is conical, and as shown in figure 4, the conical structure can improve the collection efficiency of high-energy electrons;
the first output end of the accelerator Faraday barrel is connected with the conveying line, and one part of the high-energy ions collected by the accelerator Faraday barrel is conveyed out of the accelerator by the conveying line for testing; the transportation line is arranged at the outlet of the accelerator;
the second output end of the accelerator Faraday barrel is connected with the input end of the nanoamp current amplifier, and the other part of the high-energy ions collected by the accelerator Faraday barrel is transmitted to the nanoamp current amplifier through a coaxial cable for amplifying ion beam signals;
the output end of the nanoamp current amplifier is connected with the input end of the FPGA electronic control unit, the nanoamp current amplifier transmits an ion beam current signal to the FPGA electronic control unit, and the FPGA electronic control unit acquires an ion beam current and uploads the ion beam current to an upper computer to monitor the ion beam current intensity value;
the feedback monitoring method for the ion beam current intensity of the superconducting cyclotron comprises the following steps:
(1) the filament power supply and the arc power supply heat the filament to generate electrons, and the electrons collide with hydrogen to generate ions;
(2) the ions are led out by the high-frequency voltage in the superconducting accelerator and hit an accelerator Faraday barrel arranged at the outlet of the deflection plate, and the accelerator Faraday barrel collects the high-energy ions;
(3) the accelerator Faraday barrel conveys the collected high-energy ions to a nano-ampere current amplifier through a coaxial cable;
(4) the nanoamp current amplifier transmits ions to the FPGA electronic control unit through the coaxial cable, the ions are collected by the FPGA electronic control unit and uploaded to an upper computer, and the upper computer monitors the ion beam current intensity value.
Examples
Taking an SC200 superconducting proton cyclotron as an example, a device for beam current intensity feedback monitoring of a medical superconducting cyclotron is introduced. The ion source beam current intensity of the cyclotron is set by a main controller of a treatment control system, the beam current intensity is converted into current in the form of beam current intensity percentage and transmitted to an FPGA electronic control unit through a coaxial cable, the current is converted into digital signals in the FPGA electronic control unit to be processed and stored, the digital signals are converted into current and transmitted to an arc power supply through a cable to control the voltage of the arc power supply, and meanwhile, the treatment control system converts parameters into optical fiber transmission parameters through Ethernet to control the current of a filament power supply, and the arc voltage and the filament current are added to a filament of the ion source to control the beam current intensity. Specifically, a physicist determines a treatment plan according to the CT of a patient and a data database, and determines the maximum beam current intensity value of 300nA in the treatment process, as shown in figure 1; knowing the maximum beam current, the main controller converts the relationship to current in percent form in the treatment control system. 300nA corresponds to 20mA, as in FIG. 2; the analog quantity 20mA is transmitted to the FPGA electronic control unit through a cable, is processed and stored in the FPGA electronic control unit in a digital quantity mode, and outputs the current analog quantity to the arc power supply. An arc power supply is added on the filament, and meanwhile, a filament power supply is added on the filament to output beam current, as shown in figure 1; the relationship between beam current and arc current, 300nA corresponds to 400mA, as shown in figure 3; a faraday cup, fig. 4, coaxial cable, fig. 5; the FPGA electronic control unit and the upper computer are used for recording and monitoring in real time.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. The feedback monitoring system for the ion beam current intensity of the superconducting cyclotron is characterized by comprising an FPGA electronic control unit, an ion source filament and an accelerator Faraday barrel;
the FPGA electronic control unit exchanges signals with the upper computer through a coaxial cable; the upper computer is used for converting the set ion source beam current intensity into current in a beam current intensity percentage mode and transmitting the current to the FPGA electronic control unit through a coaxial cable; the upper computer is also connected with the FPGA electronic control unit through the Ethernet, and parameters are transmitted through the Ethernet while the coaxial cable is transmitted;
the output end of the FPGA electronic control unit is respectively connected with the input ends of the filament power supply and the arc power supply through coaxial cables;
the output ends of the filament power supply and the arc power supply are connected with the input end of the ion source filament through coaxial cables; the filament power supply and the arc power supply are used for heating the filament to generate electrons and generate ions through collision with hydrogen;
the output end of the ion source filament is connected with the input end of an accelerator Faraday barrel; the ion source filament is used for leading ions generated by high-frequency voltage out of the accelerator Faraday barrel;
the Faraday barrel of the accelerator is conical, and the diameter of the opening of the Faraday barrel is smaller than that of the bottom of the Faraday barrel; the accelerator Faraday barrel is arranged at the outlet of the deflection plate, the first output end of the accelerator Faraday barrel is connected with the input end of a transport line, the second output end of the accelerator Faraday barrel is connected with the input end of a nanoampere-level current amplifier through a coaxial cable, and the transport line is arranged at the outlet of the accelerator; the accelerator Faraday barrel is used for respectively conveying high-energy ions to the accelerator and the nanoamp-level current amplifier;
the output end of the nanoamp current amplifier is connected with the input end of the FPGA electronic control unit through a coaxial cable; the FPGA electronic control unit converts the current into a digital signal for processing and storing after receiving the current transmitted by the upper computer; the FPGA electronic control unit is also used for converting the digital signals into currents and respectively transmitting the currents to the filament power supply and the arc power supply through the coaxial cable, and respectively controlling the voltage of the arc power supply and the current of the filament power supply;
the nanoamp-level current amplifier is used for transmitting the ion beam current signal to the FPGA electronic control unit.
2. The monitoring method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) the filament power supply and the arc power supply heat the filament to generate electrons, and the electrons collide with hydrogen to generate ions;
(2) the ions are led out by the high-frequency voltage in the superconducting accelerator and hit on a Faraday barrel arranged at the outlet of the deflection plate, and the accelerator Faraday barrel collects the high-energy ions;
(3) the method accelerator pulls a first barrel to convey the collected high-energy ions to the nano-ampere-level current amplifier through a coaxial cable;
(4) the nanoamp current amplifier transmits ions to the FPGA electronic control unit through the coaxial cable, the ions are collected by the FPGA electronic control unit and uploaded to an upper computer, and the upper computer monitors the ion beam current intensity value.
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| CN113050150B (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-08-09 | 合肥中科离子医学技术装备有限公司 | Anti-interference current target for cyclotron |
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