CN108169084B - Aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector - Google Patents
Aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN108169084B CN108169084B CN201711364267.9A CN201711364267A CN108169084B CN 108169084 B CN108169084 B CN 108169084B CN 201711364267 A CN201711364267 A CN 201711364267A CN 108169084 B CN108169084 B CN 108169084B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector. The device comprises an aerosol beam current in-out sample part, an optical sampling part and a control processing part which are connected, wherein the optical sampling part comprises an aerosol shape sampling assembly and an aerosol fluorescence sampling assembly, the aerosol fluorescence sampling assembly comprises an aerosol fluorescence excitation device and an aerosol fluorescence measurement device, the output ends of the aerosol shape sampling assembly and the aerosol fluorescence measurement device are electrically connected with the input end of the control processing part, and the output end of the control processing part is electrically connected with the control end of the aerosol fluorescence excitation device and is used for starting the aerosol fluorescence excitation device to work when the shape information of the aerosol obtained by the aerosol shape sampling assembly is non-spherical or the size information is not less than 1 mu m so as to obtain the fluorescence information of the aerosol at the same time. It has wide application prospect in air pollution detection, especially in the detection and identification of aerosol of man-made pathogenic organisms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aerosol detector, in particular to an aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, regional atmospheric aerosol pollution is continuously aggravated, some cities often have long-time haze weather, serious threats are generated to public health, and the aerosol pollution becomes one of hot problems. Atmospheric aerosols have a wide variety of properties, with different types of aerosol particles generally having different particle shapes, simpler particle shapes including spherical (water or oil droplets) or rod-shaped (glass fibers), etc., and many particles having more complex shapes, such as asbestos fibers, regular or irregular crystalline particles, etc.
There are various suspended particles in the air, including non-biological particles and biological particles, and also complexes in which biological particles and non-biological particles are adsorbed together, biological particles in the air are a source of infection and disease transmission, and biological particle cells contain various components such as proteins, riboflavin, amino acids, enzymes, and the like, and some of them have specific excitation and emission spectra that mark their intrinsic fluorescence. Riboflavin (commonly called vitamin B2) is a typical aromatic fluorescent substance, all living bacteria and bacterial spores contain riboflavin, the excitation peak value is 325-410nm, the fluorescence emission is 480-560nm, and the fluorescence intensity can be used as one of the bases for judging whether the biological particles are present.
Currently, some beneficial attempts and efforts are made to quickly and continuously identify the type of aerosol, such as the present applicant's device for measuring the particle size and shape of atmospheric particulates published by chinese patent application CN 105403489 a at 2016, 3, 16. The measuring device described in the patent application consists of an aerosol beam current sample inlet and outlet component, an optical sampling component and a control processing component, wherein a sampling light path of an aerosol-shaped optical sampler in the optical sampling component is positioned below a sampling light path of the aerosol particle size optical sampler; during measurement, under the control of the control processing component, after aerosol particles in the atmosphere are introduced into the measurement area by the aerosol beam inlet and outlet sample component in a single sequential queuing mode, the information of the aerodynamic diameter of the aerosol particles to be measured is obtained by the aerosol particle size optical sampler, and then the shape information of the aerosol particles to be measured is obtained by the aerosol shape optical sampler. Although this device can be used for real-time detection of particle size and shape of aerosol particles, it has the disadvantage that it cannot simultaneously detect the shape, size and characteristic fluorescence of aerosol particles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides the aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector which is reasonable and practical in structure and can simultaneously measure the shape, the size and the fluorescence characteristic of the same single aerosol particle.
In order to solve the technical problem of the invention, the technical scheme is that the aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector consists of an aerosol beam current sample inlet and outlet component, an optical sampling component and a control processing component which are connected, in particular:
the optical sampling component consists of an aerosol-shaped sampling assembly and an aerosol fluorescence sampling assembly;
the aerosol shape sampling component is a red laser and a red laser shaping lens group, an aerosol measurement action area, a red laser absorber, a red laser line optical filter, an azimuth gating device, a scattered light coupling lens group, a filtering diaphragm, a scattered light beam splitting focusing lens group and three photoelectric detection array surfaces which are sequentially arranged on a light path of the red laser;
the aerosol fluorescence sampling component consists of an aerosol fluorescence exciting device and an aerosol fluorescence measuring device, wherein,
the aerosol fluorescence excitation device is an ultraviolet laser and an ultraviolet laser shaping lens group, an aerosol measurement action area and an ultraviolet laser absorber which are sequentially arranged on the light path of the ultraviolet laser,
the aerosol fluorescence measuring device is a photoelectric detector and a diaphragm, a fluorescence coupling lens group and a band-pass filter group which are sequentially arranged on a receiving light path of the photoelectric detector, wherein one focus of the fluorescence coupling lens group is positioned at the photoelectric detector, and the other focus of the fluorescence coupling lens group is positioned in an aerosol measurement action area;
the output ends of the three photoelectric detection array surfaces and the photoelectric detector are electrically connected with the input end of the control processing part, the output end of the control processing part is electrically connected with the control end of the ultraviolet laser, and the ultraviolet laser is started to work when the shape information of the aerosol obtained by the aerosol shape sampling assembly is non-spherical or the size information is not less than 1 mu m, so that the fluorescence information of the aerosol is obtained at the same time.
As a further improvement of the aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector:
preferably, the red laser is a semiconductor continuous laser with an output wavelength of 650nm or 635 nm.
Preferably, the transmission wavelength of the red laser line filter is 650nm or 635 nm.
Preferably, the azimuth gate is a light shielding plate on which three light-passing apertures arranged at equal azimuth angles are placed.
Preferably, the scattered light beam splitting and focusing lens group is three beam splitting lenses positioned on the subsequent light paths of the three light through holes.
Preferably, the three photodetection fronts are three photomultiplier tubes respectively located at the focal points of the three beam splitting lenses.
Preferably, the ultraviolet laser is a pulsed laser with an output wavelength of 349 nm.
Preferably, the transmission wavelength of the band pass filter set is 420-600 nm.
Preferably, the aerosol beam in-out sample part is composed of a hexahedral prism cavity, wherein the upper end of the hexahedral prism cavity is provided with an aerosol beam injection port, the lower end of the hexahedral prism cavity is provided with an aerosol beam exhaust outlet, and the sampling flow of aerosol particles to be measured in an aerosol measurement action region between the hexahedral prism cavity and the hexahedral prism cavity is 1-1.2L/min.
Preferably, the focus of the red laser beam of the red laser is located at the lower end of the aerosol beam injection port by 0.5-1mm, and the focus of the ultraviolet laser beam of the ultraviolet laser is located at the position 0.2-0.4mm below the focus of the red laser beam.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects are that:
after the structure is adopted, the shape, the size and the fluorescence characteristic of the same single aerosol particle can be simultaneously measured in real time, and particularly, whether the particle is a biological aerosol which is the root cause of serious threat to the health of people can be judged through the measured fluorescence intensity.
According to the invention, the shape, size and fluorescence characteristics of the same single aerosol particle are organically combined, and the judgment of the shape parameter and the size parameter is based on, so that the interference of the environmental background particles, namely spherical liquid drops and particles with smaller sizes, is reduced, the aerosol type detection efficiency is improved, and the detection and identification capability of the biological aerosol is greatly improved; the method has wide application prospect in the detection of environmental atmospheric pollution, especially the detection of artificial pathogenic aerosol.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of an aerosol beam flow in and out of a sample part in the invention.
FIG. 3 is one of four graphs of light scattering signals obtained after detecting a single particle of an aerosol according to the present invention. The curves 30-1, 30-2 and 30-3 in the figure are the outputs of three photomultiplier tubes in the aerosol-shaped sampling assembly, respectively; curve 30 is the sum of the outputs of the three photomultiplier tubes in the aerosol-shaped sampling assembly; curve 40 is the output of the photodetector in the aerosol fluorescence measurement device.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of measuring the shape of aerosol particles in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of actually measuring the fluorescence of aerosol particles according to the present invention. It can be seen that when the shape of the detected aerosol particle, riboflavin aerosol particle, is non-spherical, the fluorescence intensity is very strong and the distribution is wide, and the maximum can reach 64 channels.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector are constructed as follows:
the detector comprises aerosol beam business turn over appearance part, optics sampling part and the control processing part of connection, wherein:
the aerosol beam current in-out sample part is composed of six-face prism sol measuring action area 5, and the sampling flow of aerosol particles 22 to be measured in the six-face prism sol measuring action area is 1 (1-1.2) L/min.
The focus of the red laser beam 19 of the red laser 1 is located at 0.8 (0.5-1) mm of the lower end of the aerosol beam injection port 21, and the focus of the ultraviolet laser beam 20 of the ultraviolet laser 3 is located at 0.3 (0.2-0.4) mm below the focus of the red laser beam 19.
The optical sampling component consists of an aerosol shape sampling component and an aerosol fluorescence sampling component; among them, the above-mentioned materials are used,
the aerosol shape sampling component is a red laser 1 and a red laser shaping lens group 2, an aerosol measurement action area 5, a red laser absorber 8, a red laser line optical filter 9, an azimuth gating device 10, a scattered light coupling lens group 11, a filtering diaphragm 12, a scattered light beam splitting focusing lens group 13 and a three-way photoelectric detection array surface 14 which are sequentially arranged on a light path of the red laser 1. Wherein, the red laser 1 is a semiconductor continuous laser with the output wavelength of 650 (or 635) nm; the transmission wavelength of the red laser line filter 9 is 650 (or 635) nm; the azimuth gate 10 is a light shielding plate on which three light-passing holes arranged at equal azimuth are arranged; the scattered light beam splitting focusing lens group 13 is three beam splitting lenses positioned on the subsequent light paths of the three light through holes; the three photoelectric detection array surfaces 14 are three photomultiplier tubes respectively positioned at the focuses of the three beam splitting lenses.
The aerosol fluorescence sampling component consists of an aerosol fluorescence excitation device and an aerosol fluorescence measurement device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the aerosol fluorescence excitation device is an ultraviolet laser 3 and an ultraviolet laser shaping lens group 4, an aerosol measurement action area 5 and an ultraviolet laser absorber 7 which are sequentially arranged on the light path of the ultraviolet laser. Wherein, the ultraviolet laser 3 is a pulse laser with an output wavelength of 349 nm.
The aerosol fluorescence measuring device is a photoelectric detector 18 and a diaphragm 17, a fluorescence coupling lens group 16 and a band-pass filter group 15 which are sequentially arranged on a receiving light path of the photoelectric detector. Wherein, one focus of the fluorescence coupling lens group 16 is positioned at the photoelectric detector 18, and the other focus is positioned at the aerosol measurement action region 5; the transmission wavelength of the band pass filter set 15 is 420-600 nm.
The control processing part is a computer, the input end of the control processing part is electrically connected with the output end of the three photoelectric detection array surfaces 14 and the output end of the photoelectric detector 18, and the output end of the control processing part is electrically connected with the control end of the ultraviolet laser 3.
The measurement process of the aerosol particle shape and the fluorescence detector and the results thereof are shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5.
Under the control of the control processing part, the beam containing the aerosol particles 22 to be measured flows out from the aerosol beam injection port 21, passes through the aerosol measurement action area 5, and is pumped out from the aerosol beam exhaust port 23.
When a beam containing aerosol particles 22 to be detected passes through the aerosol measurement action region 5, the aerosol particles 22 to be detected first act on a red laser beam 19 output by a red laser shaping lens group 2 of the aerosol shape sampling assembly, scattered light of the aerosol particles 22 to be detected is filtered by a red laser line optical filter 9, and then is subjected to gating transmission through three light-passing holes arranged on an equal azimuth angle on an azimuth angle gating device 10, and then reaches a three-way photoelectric detection front 14 through a scattered light coupling lens group 11, a filter diaphragm 12 and a scattered light beam splitting focusing lens group 13, and the three-way photoelectric detection front 14 is converted into electric signals shown as a curve 30-1, a curve 30-2 and a curve 30-3 in fig. 3. The electrical signal of the sum of the outputs of the three photodetection fronts 14 is shown by curve 30.
Then, the aerosol particles 22 to be measured continue to move downwards in the aerosol measurement action region 5, and when passing through the focus of the ultraviolet laser beam 20 output by the ultraviolet laser shaping lens group 4 of the aerosol fluorescence excitation device, the ultraviolet laser acts on the aerosol particles 22 to be measured, so that the aerosol particles 22 to be measured generate fluorescence. This fluorescence is collected by the fluorescence coupling lens assembly 16 in the aerosol fluorescence measurement device and sent to the photodetector 18 where it is converted by the photodetector 18 into an electrical signal as shown by curve 40 in fig. 3.
After the control processing part receives the signal 30-1, the signal 30-2 and the signal 30-3, the control processing part firstly uses the formula based on the electric signals output by the three photomultiplier tubes and the relative position information thereof
In the formula E1、E2、E3The intensity of the electrical signals output by the three photomultiplier tubes respectively obtains the shape of the aerosol particles 22 to be measured, that is, when the shape of the aerosol particles 22 to be measured is spherical, because E1＝E2＝E3Then R isf0; when the aerosol particles 22 to be measured are non-spherical particles, the larger the aspect ratio of the particles, the larger RfThe larger the value. The invention adopts three pixel photomultiplier to detect signal intensity value to calculate change factor Rf. As shown in FIG. 4, the results of the present inventors' actual measurement of polydisperse oleic acid and riboflavin aerosol particles are R of oleic acid (spherical) aerosol particlesfThe center of the value is 10, R thereoffRanging from 0 to 25; riboflavin (non-spherical) aerosol particles RfThe center of the value is 80, RfRanging between 30-90.
The control processing component then refers to the particle size of the standard aerosol particles to obtain the particle size of the aerosol particles 22 to be measured according to the sum of the outputs of the three photomultiplier tubes, as shown by the curve 30 in fig. 3.
When the measured shape information of the aerosol particles 22 to be measured is non-spherical or the size information is more than or equal to 1 μm, the control processing part starts the ultraviolet laser 3 to work, so that an electric signal shown as a curve 40 in fig. 3 is obtained from the photoelectric detector 18, and the fluorescence information of the aerosol is obtained from the electric signal.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an aerosol particulate matter shape and fluorescence detector, by the aerosol beam business turn over appearance part, optics sampling part and the control processing part of connecting constitute which characterized in that:
the optical sampling component consists of an aerosol-shaped sampling assembly and an aerosol fluorescence sampling assembly;
the aerosol shape sampling component is a red laser (1) and a red laser shaping lens group (2), an aerosol measurement action area (5), a red laser absorber (8), a red laser line optical filter (9), an azimuth gating device (10), a scattered light coupling lens group (11), a filter diaphragm (12), a scattered light beam splitting focusing lens group (13) and three photoelectric detection array surfaces (14) which are sequentially arranged on a light path of the red laser;
the aerosol fluorescence sampling component consists of an aerosol fluorescence exciting device and an aerosol fluorescence measuring device, wherein,
the aerosol fluorescence excitation device is an ultraviolet laser (3) and an ultraviolet laser shaping lens group (4), an aerosol measurement action area (5) and an ultraviolet laser absorber (7) which are sequentially arranged on the light path of the ultraviolet laser,
the aerosol fluorescence measuring device is a photoelectric detector (18) and a diaphragm (17), a fluorescence coupling lens group (16) and a band-pass filter group (15) which are sequentially arranged on a receiving light path of the photoelectric detector, wherein one focus of the fluorescence coupling lens group (16) is positioned at the photoelectric detector (18), and the other focus is positioned in an aerosol measurement action region (5);
the output ends of the three photoelectric detection array surfaces (14) and the photoelectric detector (18) are electrically connected with the input end of the control processing part, and the output end of the control processing part is electrically connected with the control end of the ultraviolet laser (3) and is used for starting the ultraviolet laser (3) to work when the shape information of the aerosol obtained by the aerosol shape sampling assembly is non-spherical or the size information is more than or equal to 1 mu m so as to obtain the fluorescence information of the aerosol at the same time;
the detection method of the detector comprises the following steps:
under the control of the control processing part, the beam current containing the aerosol particles (22) to be measured flows out from the aerosol beam current sample inlet (21), passes through the aerosol measurement action area (5), and is pumped out from the aerosol beam current air exhaust outlet (23);
when a beam current containing aerosol particles (22) to be detected passes through an aerosol measurement action area (5), the aerosol particles (22) to be detected firstly act with a red laser beam (19) output by a red laser reshaping lens group (2) of an aerosol shape sampling assembly, scattered light of the aerosol particles is filtered by a red laser line optical filter (9), is gated and transmitted through three light-passing holes arranged at an equal azimuth angle through an azimuth angle gating device (10), then reaches a three-way photoelectric detection array surface (14) through a scattered light coupling lens group (11), a filter diaphragm (12) and a scattered light beam splitting focusing lens group (13), and is converted into an electric signal by the three-way photoelectric detection array surface (14) and is output;
then, the aerosol particles (22) to be measured continue to move downwards in the aerosol measurement action area (5), and when passing through the focus of an ultraviolet laser beam (20) output by an ultraviolet laser shaping lens group (4) of the aerosol fluorescence excitation device, the ultraviolet laser acts on the aerosol particles (22) to be measured to generate fluorescence; the fluorescence is collected by a fluorescence coupling lens group (16) in the aerosol fluorescence measuring device and is sent to a photoelectric detector (18), and the photoelectric detector (18) converts the fluorescence into an electric signal and outputs the electric signal;
after receiving the electric signals output by the three photoelectric detection array surfaces (14), the control processing part firstly bases on three lightsThe electrical signals output by three photomultiplier tubes of the electrical detection front (14) and the relative position information thereof are calculated by the following formulaf：
In the formula E1、E2、E3The intensity of the electric signals output by the three photomultiplier tubes of the three photoelectric detection array surfaces (14) respectively is further used for obtaining the shape of the aerosol particles (22) to be detected, namely when the shape of the aerosol particles (22) to be detected is spherical, because E1＝E2＝E3Then R isf0; when the aerosol particles (22) to be measured are non-spherical particles, the larger the aspect ratio of the particles, the larger RfThe larger the value;
the control processing part refers to the particle size of the standard aerosol particles to obtain the particle size of the aerosol particles (22) to be detected according to the sum of the outputs of the three photomultiplier tubes of the three photoelectric detection array surfaces (14);
when the measured shape information of the aerosol particles (22) to be measured is non-spherical or the size information is more than or equal to 1 mu m, the control processing part starts the ultraviolet laser (3) to work, so that corresponding electric signals are obtained from the photoelectric detector (18), and the fluorescence information of the aerosol is obtained from the corresponding electric signals.
2. The aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector of claim 1, wherein the red laser (1) is a semiconductor continuous laser with an output wavelength of 650nm or 635 nm.
3. The aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector of claim 1, wherein the red laser line filter (9) has a transmission wavelength of 650nm or 635 nm.
4. The aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector of claim 1, wherein the azimuthal gating device (10) is a mask having three light passing holes disposed at equal azimuthal angles.
5. The aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector of claim 4, wherein the scattered light beam splitting focusing lens group (13) is three beam splitting lenses located on the subsequent optical paths of the three light passing holes.
6. The aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector of claim 5, wherein the three photodetecting fronts (14) are three photomultiplier tubes located at respective foci of the three beam splitting lenses.
7. The aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector of claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet laser (3) is a pulsed laser with an output wavelength of 349 nm.
8. The aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector of claim 1, wherein the transmission wavelength of the bandpass filter set (15) is 420-600 nm.
9. The aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector according to claim 1, wherein the aerosol beam inlet and outlet part comprises a hexahedral prism cavity (6) having an aerosol beam inlet (21) at an upper end and an aerosol beam outlet (23) at a lower end, and the sampling flow rate of the aerosol particles (22) to be measured in the aerosol measurement region (5) between the hexahedral prism cavity and the hexahedral prism cavity is 1-1.2L/min.
10. The aerosol particle shape and fluorescence detector of claim 9, wherein the focus of the red laser beam (19) of the red laser (1) is located 0.5-1mm below the lower end of the aerosol beam injection port (21), and the focus of the ultraviolet laser beam (20) of the ultraviolet laser (3) is located 0.2-0.4mm below the focus of the red laser beam (19).
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| CN110967284A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-04-07 | 南京工业大学 | Double-channel bioaerosol real-time monitor |
| CN111504869B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-06-08 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Flow type aggregate impurity analyzer |
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| CN105403489B (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-12-22 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | The particle diameter and form measuring instrument of Atmospheric particulates |
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