CN108161036B - Machining center ultrasonic electric spindle with automatic bearing pretightening force adjustment function - Google Patents

Machining center ultrasonic electric spindle with automatic bearing pretightening force adjustment function Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108161036B
CN108161036B CN201810210395.6A CN201810210395A CN108161036B CN 108161036 B CN108161036 B CN 108161036B CN 201810210395 A CN201810210395 A CN 201810210395A CN 108161036 B CN108161036 B CN 108161036B
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China
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bearing
cooling water
water channel
sleeve
piezoelectric ceramic
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CN108161036A (en
Inventor
张珂
王子男
李颂华
吴玉厚
马健
王永华
高龙飞
佟圣皓
朱晓岩
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Shenyang Jianzhu University Factory
Shenyang Jianzhu University
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Shenyang Jianzhu University Factory
Shenyang Jianzhu University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
    • B23Q11/126—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only
    • B23Q11/127—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only for cooling motors or spindles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The ultrasonic electric spindle of the machining center with the function of automatically adjusting the pre-tightening force of the bearing is provided with a double water cooling structure aiming at the loss and heating of the stator and the rotor of the electric spindle, and the efficient heat dissipation of the stator and the rotor is realized through the inner and outer two layers of cooling water jackets of the shell, so that the influence of the heating high temperature of the stator and the rotor on the spindle and the bearing is reduced; aiming at self friction heating of the bearing, the bearing outer ring fixing sleeve is designed into a cooling water jacket structure, high-efficiency heat dissipation of the bearing is realized through the bearing outer ring fixing sleeve with a water cooling function, and high-efficiency lubrication is assisted, so that thermal deformation of the bearing is reduced; under the condition of higher rotating speed, the water cooling and lubricating effects can be reduced, the thermal deformation influence is counteracted by applying proper pre-tightening force to the bearing, the temperature of the bearing is monitored in real time through a temperature sensor of an automatic bearing pre-tightening force adjusting mechanism, the monitored temperature data of the bearing is fed back to a numerical control system of the machine tool, and then a control signal is output through the numerical control system of the machine tool, so that the elongation of the piezoelectric ceramic column is changed to generate proper bearing pre-tightening force.

Description

Machining center ultrasonic electric spindle with automatic bearing pretightening force adjustment function
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool motorized spindles, and particularly relates to a machining center ultrasonic motorized spindle with an automatic bearing pretightening force adjustment function.
Background
In recent years, more and more processing centers adopt ultrasonic electric spindles, and the ultrasonic electric spindles have the advantages of compact structure, light weight, small inertia, low noise, quick response, high rotating speed, high power and the like, and can assist in processing by utilizing ultrasonic waves. The electric spindle is a new technology integrating the machine tool spindle and the spindle motor, and the transmission structure form of integrating the machine tool spindle and the spindle motor effectively enables the spindle component to be relatively independent from the transmission system and the whole structure of the machine tool, and the machine tool spindle is directly driven by the built-in motor, thereby shortening the length of the machine tool main transmission chain to zero and realizing zero transmission of the machine tool.
Because the machining precision of the machine tool directly determines the precision machining quality of the part, and meanwhile, the running precision of the electric spindle directly influences the machining precision of the machine tool, the running precision of the electric spindle is required to be ensured in order to ensure the precision machining quality of the part. The running precision of the electric spindle is determined by many factors, one of the factors is the pretightening force of the bearing, the bearing is used as a core component of the electric spindle, the pretightening force of the bearing not only determines the performance and service life of the bearing, but also influences the vibration amplitude of the shaft end of the electric spindle, the temperature of the bearing can be rapidly increased along with the change of the processing working condition, the thermal deformation of the bearing is caused, the supporting precision of the bearing can be changed along with the rapid increase of the temperature of the bearing, in order to reduce the change amplitude of the supporting precision of the bearing, the pretightening force is provided by a spring, but the pretightening force output by the spring is limited by a pretightening force mode of the spring, and the thermal deformation of the bearing cannot be dealt with by the proper pretightening force due to the fact that the pretightening force of the bearing cannot be adjusted. Therefore, the ultrasonic electric spindle of the machining center, which adopts a spring as a pre-tightening force applying component at present, has the common situation that the machining precision is lower as the rotating speed is higher, which severely restricts the development of the machining center.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the ultrasonic electric spindle of the machining center, which is provided with the function of automatically adjusting the pre-tightening force of the bearing, wherein the automatic adjusting function of the pre-tightening force of the bearing is introduced into the ultrasonic electric spindle of the machining center for the first time, meanwhile, piezoelectric ceramics are used as a pre-tightening force output part, the pre-tightening force output can be automatically adjusted according to the temperature of the bearing, the bearing supporting precision is effectively ensured, the powerful guarantee is provided for the high-speed development of the machining center, and meanwhile, the cooling and lubricating structure of the electric spindle is optimized for further reducing the temperature rise of the bearing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a processing center ultrasonic electric spindle with an automatic bearing pretightening force adjustment function comprises a spindle, a shell, an upper end cover, a lower end cover, a rotor coil and a stator coil; the rotor coil is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the main shaft, the stator coil is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the shell, a first cooling water jacket is additionally arranged between the stator coil and the shell, and a second cooling water jacket is additionally arranged on the outer surface of the shell at the axial position of the first cooling water jacket; a first spiral cooling water channel is arranged in the first cooling water jacket, and a water inlet of the first spiral cooling water channel and a water outlet of the first spiral cooling water channel are both arranged on the shell; a second spiral cooling water channel is arranged in the second cooling water jacket, and a water inlet of the second spiral cooling water channel and a water outlet of the second spiral cooling water channel are directly arranged on the second cooling water jacket; cooling water connectors are arranged on the first spiral cooling water channel water inlet, the first spiral cooling water channel water outlet, the second spiral cooling water channel water inlet and the second spiral cooling water channel water outlet; the upper end cover is fixedly arranged at the top end cylinder opening of the shell, the lower end cover is fixedly arranged at the bottom end cylinder opening of the shell, a switching sleeve is additionally arranged between the lower end cover and the shell, and the main shaft sequentially penetrates through the switching sleeve and the lower end cover and extends to the outer side of the shell; a first angular contact ball bearing, a first bearing lubrication sleeve and a second angular contact ball bearing are sleeved on the main shaft between the lower end cover and the rotor coil from bottom to top in sequence, the inner rings of the first angular contact ball bearing and the second angular contact ball bearing are in interference connection with the main shaft, and the outer rings of the first angular contact ball bearing and the second angular contact ball bearing are in interference connection with the inner surface of the switching sleeve through a first fixing sleeve of the outer ring of the bearing; the rotor coil is characterized in that a rotor fastening nut, a third angular contact ball bearing, a second bearing lubrication sleeve, a fourth angular contact ball bearing, a bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism and a bearing axial limit nut are sleeved on a main shaft above the rotor coil from bottom to top in sequence, inner rings of the third angular contact ball bearing and the fourth angular contact ball bearing are in interference connection with the main shaft, outer rings of the third angular contact ball bearing and the fourth angular contact ball bearing are in interference connection with a shell through a bearing outer ring second fixed sleeve, and the second bearing lubrication sleeve and the bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism are in interference connection with the bearing outer ring second fixed sleeve; the bearing axial limit nut is in threaded connection with the second fixing sleeve of the bearing outer ring; the main shaft is a hollow shaft, a pull rod is arranged in a central hole of the main shaft, the top end of the pull rod extends out of an upper orifice of the main shaft, a pull rod axial limit nut is arranged at the top end of the pull rod, a disc spring is sleeved at the top end of the main shaft, and a force transmission sleeve is arranged between the pull rod axial limit nut and the disc spring; a hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the lower surface of the upper end cover right above the pull rod, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder faces downwards, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is arranged right opposite to the top end of the pull rod; the bottom end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with an ultrasonic generator, an amplitude transformer and a handle locking mechanism in sequence, and the handle locking mechanism is matched with the handle.
The bearing outer ring is characterized in that a first lubricating oil duct is arranged in the first fixing sleeve of the bearing outer ring, a second lubricating oil duct is arranged in the switching sleeve, the oil outlet end of the first lubricating oil duct is communicated with the first bearing lubricating sleeve, the oil inlet end of the first lubricating oil duct is communicated with the oil outlet end of the second lubricating oil duct, and a first lubricating oil connector is arranged at the oil inlet end of the second lubricating oil duct.
An electric spindle wiring port is arranged on the upper end cover; the bearing outer ring is characterized in that a third lubricating oil duct is arranged in the second fixing sleeve of the bearing outer ring, the oil outlet end of the third lubricating oil duct is communicated with the second bearing lubricating sleeve, a fourth lubricating oil duct is arranged on the shell, the oil inlet end of the third lubricating oil duct is communicated with the oil outlet end of the fourth lubricating oil duct, and a second lubricating oil connector is arranged at the oil inlet end of the fourth lubricating oil duct.
An annular cooling water tank is further arranged in the first fixing sleeve of the bearing outer ring, an annular cooling water tank water inlet channel and an annular cooling water tank water outlet channel are respectively arranged on the switching sleeve, and an included angle of 180 degrees is formed between the annular cooling water tank water inlet channel and the annular cooling water tank water outlet channel.
The bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism comprises a piezoelectric ceramic column, a piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat, a piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk, a first force transmission disk, a spring, a second force transmission disk and a temperature sensor; the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat, the piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk, the first force transmission disk and the second force transmission disk are all connected to the bearing outer ring second fixing sleeve in an interference manner; the piezoelectric ceramic columns are uniformly distributed on the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat in the circumferential direction; a piezoelectric ceramic column positioning hole is formed in the piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disc, and the piezoelectric ceramic column passes through the piezoelectric ceramic column positioning hole to be in propping contact with the first force transmission disc; the spring is connected between the first force transmission disc and the second force transmission disc, and the second force transmission disc is in propping contact with the outer ring of the fourth corner contact ball bearing; the springs are uniformly distributed between the first force transmission disc and the second force transmission disc in the circumferential direction; the temperature sensor is arranged on the second force transmission disc, the piezoelectric ceramic column adjusts the axial elongation through temperature data fed back by the temperature sensor, and the bearing pretightening force is automatically adjusted through adjusting the axial elongation of the piezoelectric ceramic column.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the ultrasonic electric spindle with the machining center, the bearing pre-tightening force automatic adjusting function is introduced into the ultrasonic electric spindle with the machining center for the first time, meanwhile, piezoelectric ceramics are used as the pre-tightening force output component, the pre-tightening force output can be automatically adjusted according to the temperature of the bearing, the bearing supporting precision is effectively ensured, powerful guarantee is provided for the high-speed development of the machining center, and meanwhile, the cooling and lubricating structure of the electric spindle is optimized for further reducing the temperature rise of the bearing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic motorized spindle of a machining center with an automatic adjustment of bearing preload in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of section I of FIG. 1;
in the figure, 1-main shaft, 2-shell, 3-upper end cover, 4-lower end cover, 5-rotor coil, 6-stator coil, 7-first cooling water jacket, 8-second cooling water jacket, 9-first spiral cooling water channel, 10-first spiral cooling water channel water inlet, 11-first spiral cooling water channel water outlet, 12-second spiral cooling water channel, 13-second spiral cooling water channel water inlet, 14-second spiral cooling water channel water outlet, 15-switching sleeve, 16-first angular contact ball bearing, 17-first bearing lubrication sleeve, 18-second angular contact ball bearing, 19-bearing pre-tightening automatic regulating mechanism, 20-bearing outer ring first fixing sleeve, 21-rotor fastening nut, 22-third angular contact ball bearing, 23-second bearing lubrication sleeve, 24-fourth angular contact ball bearing, the device comprises a 25-bearing axial limit nut, a 26-bearing outer ring second fixing sleeve, a 27-pull rod, a 28-pull rod axial limit nut, a 29-disc spring, a 30-force transmission sleeve, a 31-hydraulic cylinder, a 32-ultrasonic generator, a 33-amplitude transformer, a 34-handle locking mechanism, a 35-handle, a 36-first lubrication oil duct, a 37-second lubrication oil duct, a 38-first lubrication oil nozzle, a 39-electric spindle wiring port, a 40-third lubrication oil duct, a 41-fourth lubrication oil duct, a 42-second lubrication oil nozzle, a 43-annular cooling water tank, a 44-annular cooling water tank water inlet channel, a 45-annular cooling water tank water outlet channel, a 46-piezoelectric ceramic column, a 47-piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat, a 48-piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disc, a 49-first force transmission disc, a 50-spring, a 51-second force transmission disc and a 52-temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ultrasonic motorized spindle of the machining center with the function of automatically adjusting the pretightening force of a bearing comprises a spindle 1, a shell 2, an upper end cover 3, a lower end cover 4, a rotor coil 5 and a stator coil 6; the rotor coil 5 is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the main shaft 1, the stator coil 6 is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the shell 2, a first cooling water jacket 7 is additionally arranged between the stator coil 6 and the shell 2, and a second cooling water jacket 8 is additionally arranged on the outer surface of the shell 2 at the axial position of the first cooling water jacket 7; a first spiral cooling water channel 9 is arranged in the first cooling water jacket 7, and a first spiral cooling water channel water inlet 10 and a first spiral cooling water channel water outlet 11 are both arranged on the shell 2; a second spiral cooling water channel 12 is arranged in the second cooling water jacket 8, and a second spiral cooling water channel water inlet 13 and a second spiral cooling water channel water outlet 14 are directly arranged on the second cooling water jacket 8; cooling water connectors are arranged on the first spiral cooling water channel water inlet 10, the first spiral cooling water channel water outlet 11, the second spiral cooling water channel water inlet 13 and the second spiral cooling water channel water outlet 14; the upper end cover 3 is fixedly arranged at the top end cylinder opening of the shell 2, the lower end cover 4 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end cylinder opening of the shell 2, a switching sleeve 15 is additionally arranged between the lower end cover 4 and the shell 2, and the main shaft 1 sequentially passes through the switching sleeve 15 and the lower end cover 4 and extends to the outer side of the shell 2; a first angular contact ball bearing 16, a first bearing lubrication sleeve 17 and a second angular contact ball bearing 18 are sleeved on the main shaft 1 between the lower end cover 4 and the rotor coil 5 in sequence from bottom to top, inner rings of the first angular contact ball bearing 16 and the second angular contact ball bearing 18 are in interference connection with the main shaft 1, and outer rings of the first angular contact ball bearing 16 and the second angular contact ball bearing 18 are in interference connection with the inner surface of the adapter sleeve 15 through a bearing outer ring first fixing sleeve 20; a rotor fastening nut 21, a third angular contact ball bearing 22, a second bearing lubrication sleeve 23, a fourth angular contact ball bearing 24, a bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism 19 and a bearing axial limit nut 25 are sleeved on the main shaft 1 above the rotor coil 5 in sequence from bottom to top, the inner rings of the third angular contact ball bearing 22 and the fourth angular contact ball bearing 24 are in interference connection with the main shaft 1, the outer rings of the third angular contact ball bearing 22 and the fourth angular contact ball bearing 24 are in interference connection with the shell 2 through a bearing outer ring second fixed sleeve 26, and the second bearing lubrication sleeve 23 and the bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism 19 are in interference connection with the bearing outer ring second fixed sleeve 26; the bearing axial limit nut 25 is in threaded connection with the bearing outer ring second fixing sleeve 26; the main shaft 1 is a hollow shaft, a pull rod 27 is arranged in a central hole of the main shaft 1, the top end of the pull rod 27 extends out of an upper orifice of the main shaft 1, a pull rod axial limit nut 28 is arranged at the top end of the pull rod 27, a disc spring 29 is sleeved at the top end of the main shaft 1, and a force transmission sleeve 30 is arranged between the pull rod axial limit nut 28 and the disc spring 29; a hydraulic cylinder 31 is arranged on the lower surface of the upper end cover 3 right above the pull rod 27, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 31 faces downwards, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 31 is arranged right opposite to the top end of the pull rod 27; the bottom end of the pull rod 27 is fixedly connected with an ultrasonic generator 32, an amplitude transformer 33 and a knife handle locking mechanism 34 in sequence, and the knife handle locking mechanism 34 is matched with a knife handle 35.
A first lubrication oil duct 36 is arranged in the bearing outer ring first fixing sleeve 20, a second lubrication oil duct 37 is arranged in the switching sleeve 15, the oil outlet end of the first lubrication oil duct 36 is communicated with the first bearing lubrication sleeve 17, the oil inlet end of the first lubrication oil duct 36 is communicated with the oil outlet end of the second lubrication oil duct 37, and a first lubrication oil nozzle 38 is arranged at the oil inlet end of the second lubrication oil duct 37.
An electric spindle wiring port 39 is arranged on the upper end cover 3; a third lubrication oil duct 40 is arranged in the bearing outer ring second fixing sleeve 26, the oil outlet end of the third lubrication oil duct 40 is communicated with the second lubrication sleeve 23, a fourth lubrication oil duct 41 is arranged on the shell 2, the oil inlet end of the third lubrication oil duct 40 is communicated with the oil outlet end of the fourth lubrication oil duct 41, and a second lubrication oil nozzle 42 is arranged at the oil inlet end of the fourth lubrication oil duct 41.
An annular cooling water channel 43 is further arranged in the first fixing sleeve 20 of the bearing outer ring, an annular cooling water channel 44 and an annular cooling water channel 45 are respectively arranged on the switching sleeve 15, and an included angle of 180 degrees is formed between the annular cooling water channel 44 and the annular cooling water channel 45.
The bearing pre-tightening force automatic regulating mechanism 19 comprises a piezoelectric ceramic column 46, a piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat 47, a piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk 48, a first force transmission disk 49, a spring 50, a second force transmission disk 51 and a temperature sensor 52; the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat 47, the piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk 48, the first force transmission disk 49 and the second force transmission disk 51 are all connected to the bearing outer ring second fixing sleeve 26 in an interference manner; the piezoelectric ceramic columns 46 are a plurality of in number, and the piezoelectric ceramic columns 46 are uniformly distributed on the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat 38 in the circumferential direction; a piezoelectric ceramic column positioning hole is formed in the piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disc 39, and a piezoelectric ceramic column 46 passes through the piezoelectric ceramic column positioning hole to be in propping contact with the first force transmission disc 49; the spring 50 is connected between the first force transmission disc 49 and the second force transmission disc 51, and the second force transmission disc 51 is in propping contact with the outer ring of the fourth angle contact ball bearing 24; the springs 50 are a plurality of, and the springs 50 are uniformly distributed and arranged between the first force transmission disc 49 and the second force transmission disc 51 in the circumferential direction; the temperature sensor 52 is installed on the second force transmission disc 51, the piezoelectric ceramic column 46 adjusts the axial elongation through temperature data fed back by the temperature sensor 52, and the bearing pretightening force is automatically adjusted through adjusting the axial elongation of the piezoelectric ceramic column 46.
In the running process of the machining center, a temperature factor is a primary factor influencing the machining precision, and in order to reduce the heating behavior of the ultrasonic electric spindle of the machining center, the invention particularly designs a double water cooling structure aiming at stator and rotor loss heating, and the first cooling water jacket 7 and the second cooling water jacket 8 rapidly bring the stator and rotor loss heating, so that the temperature of the stator and rotor is effectively reduced, and the adverse effect of the stator and rotor heating high temperature on the spindle 1 and the bearing is reduced. In addition, besides the influence factor of stator and rotor loss heating and the friction heating of the bearing, the invention also designs a water cooling structure independently aiming at the friction heating of the bearing, and designs a lubricating structure aiming at all bearings, thereby reducing the friction degree of the bearing, assisting in water cooling and heat dissipation and limiting the friction heating of the bearing to the greatest extent.
The means are used for preventing the temperature of the bearing from rising rapidly and relieving the thermal deformation of the bearing to the greatest extent, but with the continuous improvement of the rotating speed, the effect of relieving the thermal deformation of the bearing can be gradually reduced by adopting the water cooling heat dissipation and bearing lubrication modes, and at the moment, in order to ensure the machining precision of the machine tool in a high rotating speed state, the automatic bearing pretightening force adjusting mechanism 19 provided by the invention is gradually effective. Along with the increase of the rotating speed, the cooling speed of water cooling heat dissipation and bearing lubrication cannot catch up with the heating speed of the bearing, at this moment, adverse effects caused by bearing thermal deformation are needed to be offset through proper bearing pretightening force, firstly, the bearing temperature is monitored in real time through a temperature sensor 52 in a bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism 19, and the real-time monitored bearing temperature data is fed back to a numerical control system of a machine tool, and then, a control signal is output through the numerical control system of the machine tool, so that the elongation of a piezoelectric ceramic column 46 is changed, proper bearing pretightening force is generated, the influence of bearing thermal deformation on machining precision is reduced to the greatest extent, so that the basic stability of bearing supporting precision is ensured, and powerful guarantee is provided for the high-speed development of a machining center.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather are intended to cover all equivalent implementations or modifications that can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a possess machining center ultrasonic wave electricity main shaft of automatically regulated bearing pretightning force which characterized in that: the motor comprises a main shaft, a shell, an upper end cover, a lower end cover, a rotor coil and a stator coil; the rotor coil is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the main shaft, the stator coil is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the shell, a first cooling water jacket is additionally arranged between the stator coil and the shell, and a second cooling water jacket is additionally arranged on the outer surface of the shell at the axial position of the first cooling water jacket; a first spiral cooling water channel is arranged in the first cooling water jacket, and a water inlet of the first spiral cooling water channel and a water outlet of the first spiral cooling water channel are both arranged on the shell; a second spiral cooling water channel is arranged in the second cooling water jacket, and a water inlet of the second spiral cooling water channel and a water outlet of the second spiral cooling water channel are directly arranged on the second cooling water jacket; cooling water connectors are arranged on the first spiral cooling water channel water inlet, the first spiral cooling water channel water outlet, the second spiral cooling water channel water inlet and the second spiral cooling water channel water outlet; the upper end cover is fixedly arranged at the top end cylinder opening of the shell, the lower end cover is fixedly arranged at the bottom end cylinder opening of the shell, a switching sleeve is additionally arranged between the lower end cover and the shell, and the main shaft sequentially penetrates through the switching sleeve and the lower end cover and extends to the outer side of the shell; a first angular contact ball bearing, a first bearing lubrication sleeve and a second angular contact ball bearing are sleeved on the main shaft between the lower end cover and the rotor coil from bottom to top in sequence, the inner rings of the first angular contact ball bearing and the second angular contact ball bearing are in interference connection with the main shaft, and the outer rings of the first angular contact ball bearing and the second angular contact ball bearing are in interference connection with the inner surface of the switching sleeve through a first fixing sleeve of the outer ring of the bearing; the rotor coil is characterized in that a rotor fastening nut, a third angular contact ball bearing, a second bearing lubrication sleeve, a fourth angular contact ball bearing, a bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism and a bearing axial limit nut are sleeved on a main shaft above the rotor coil from bottom to top in sequence, inner rings of the third angular contact ball bearing and the fourth angular contact ball bearing are in interference connection with the main shaft, outer rings of the third angular contact ball bearing and the fourth angular contact ball bearing are in interference connection with a shell through a bearing outer ring second fixed sleeve, and the second bearing lubrication sleeve and the bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism are in interference connection with the bearing outer ring second fixed sleeve; the bearing axial limit nut is in threaded connection with the second fixing sleeve of the bearing outer ring; the main shaft is a hollow shaft, a pull rod is arranged in a central hole of the main shaft, the top end of the pull rod extends out of an upper orifice of the main shaft, a pull rod axial limit nut is arranged at the top end of the pull rod, a disc spring is sleeved at the top end of the main shaft, and a force transmission sleeve is arranged between the pull rod axial limit nut and the disc spring; a hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the lower surface of the upper end cover right above the pull rod, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder faces downwards, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is arranged right opposite to the top end of the pull rod; the bottom end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with an ultrasonic generator, an amplitude transformer and a knife handle locking mechanism in sequence, and the knife handle locking mechanism is matched with the knife handle for use; a first lubricating oil duct is arranged in the first fixed sleeve of the bearing outer ring, a second lubricating oil duct is arranged in the switching sleeve, the oil outlet end of the first lubricating oil duct is communicated with the first bearing lubricating sleeve, the oil inlet end of the first lubricating oil duct is communicated with the oil outlet end of the second lubricating oil duct, and a first lubricating oil connector is arranged at the oil inlet end of the second lubricating oil duct; an electric spindle wiring port is arranged on the upper end cover; a third lubricating oil duct is arranged in the second fixing sleeve of the bearing outer ring, the oil outlet end of the third lubricating oil duct is communicated with the second bearing lubricating sleeve, a fourth lubricating oil duct is arranged on the shell, the oil inlet end of the third lubricating oil duct is communicated with the oil outlet end of the fourth lubricating oil duct, and a second lubricating oil connector is arranged at the oil inlet end of the fourth lubricating oil duct; an annular cooling water channel is further arranged in the first fixing sleeve of the bearing outer ring, an annular cooling water channel and an annular cooling water channel outlet water channel are respectively arranged on the switching sleeve, and an included angle of 180 degrees is formed between the annular cooling water channel inlet water channel and the annular cooling water channel outlet water channel; the bearing pretightening force automatic regulating mechanism comprises a piezoelectric ceramic column, a piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat, a piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk, a first force transmission disk, a spring, a second force transmission disk and a temperature sensor; the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat, the piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disk, the first force transmission disk and the second force transmission disk are all connected to the bearing outer ring second fixing sleeve in an interference manner; the piezoelectric ceramic columns are uniformly distributed on the piezoelectric ceramic column fixing seat in the circumferential direction; a piezoelectric ceramic column positioning hole is formed in the piezoelectric ceramic column radial positioning disc, and the piezoelectric ceramic column passes through the piezoelectric ceramic column positioning hole to be in propping contact with the first force transmission disc; the spring is connected between the first force transmission disc and the second force transmission disc, and the second force transmission disc is in propping contact with the outer ring of the fourth corner contact ball bearing; the springs are uniformly distributed between the first force transmission disc and the second force transmission disc in the circumferential direction; the temperature sensor is arranged on the second force transmission disc, the piezoelectric ceramic column adjusts the axial elongation through temperature data fed back by the temperature sensor, and the bearing pretightening force is automatically adjusted through adjusting the axial elongation of the piezoelectric ceramic column.
CN201810210395.6A 2018-03-14 2018-03-14 Machining center ultrasonic electric spindle with automatic bearing pretightening force adjustment function Active CN108161036B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810210395.6A CN108161036B (en) 2018-03-14 2018-03-14 Machining center ultrasonic electric spindle with automatic bearing pretightening force adjustment function

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810210395.6A CN108161036B (en) 2018-03-14 2018-03-14 Machining center ultrasonic electric spindle with automatic bearing pretightening force adjustment function

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN108161036A CN108161036A (en) 2018-06-15
CN108161036B true CN108161036B (en) 2023-06-06

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CN109848445B (en) * 2019-04-01 2020-11-03 湖南广播电视大学 Machine tool spindle device
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CN113458429B (en) * 2021-07-19 2023-09-08 长春工业大学 Axial bidirectional vibration electric spindle
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