CN108154555B - Three-dimensional modeling method for complex geological structure under knowledge rule constraint - Google Patents
Three-dimensional modeling method for complex geological structure under knowledge rule constraint Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional modeling method for a complex geological structure under the constraint of knowledge rules. The method comprises the steps of firstly, extracting and summarizing geological domain knowledge rules according to geological rules and expert domain knowledge by combining spatial relations and attribute characteristics among geological structure objects; then expressing the extracted and summarized geological knowledge rules by using an object-oriented technology, and constructing a geological domain knowledge rule base; on the basis, a geological domain rule reasoning engine is constructed based on the NxBRE rule engine, geological domain knowledge is regularly reasoned, and more detailed geological structure information is obtained; and finally, constructing a three-dimensional model of the complex geological structure by using the information. The three-dimensional modeling method for the complex geological structure based on the knowledge rule constraint can construct a three-dimensional model of the complex geological structure which is more in line with geological reality and has higher precision, and provides powerful model foundation and support for geoscience analysis and calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of geographic information science, computer graphics, geology and the like, in particular to a three-dimensional modeling method for a complex geological structure under the constraint of knowledge rules.
Background
In the related working process in the geological field, due to the extremely complex underground condition, it is generally difficult to find detailed information of the underground space, and therefore, the three-dimensional modeling of the complex geological body is often not high in precision.
The geological field contains a large amount of geological rules and expert experience knowledge, many geological practitioners can deduce some geological landform information from geological evolution rules mastered by the geological practitioners, and some students establish a geological expert system to assist in deducing geological landforms. However, the existing geological expert system cannot clearly express expert experience knowledge, is difficult to maintain, and limits the application of geological rules and the expert experience knowledge. If the experience knowledge of the geological domain experts is extracted and expressed in a regular form, each part of the knowledge can be expressed more clearly and intuitively, and a more efficient and accurate method can be provided for three-dimensional modeling of a complex geological body structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of scarce acquisition means, data shortage and the like of complex geological structure data, a three-dimensional modeling method of the complex geological structure under the constraint of knowledge rules is provided, and the three-dimensional modeling precision of the complex geological body in the underground space is effectively improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional modeling method for a complex geological structure under the constraint of knowledge rules comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring and expressing geological knowledge rules: mining and refining geological rules and expert experiences to obtain related geological knowledge rules; then, expressing the geological knowledge rule in a class form by using an object-oriented method;
s2, constructing a geological knowledge rule base for storing the geological knowledge rules, wherein the geological knowledge rule base comprises a fact base and a rule base;
s3, constructing a geological knowledge rule base reasoning engine, realizing the reasoning function of the geological knowledge rule base, and applying the geological knowledge obtained by reasoning to the three-dimensional modeling of the complex geological structure, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
s31, constructing a geological knowledge rule base inference engine based on the NxBRE rule engine;
s32, the inference engine adopts the pattern matcher of the regular expression to carry out pattern matching on the rules in the geological knowledge rule base, instantiates the rules which are successfully matched, and infers the instantiated results by the inference engine;
s33, inquiring the inference result, determining whether the inference result meets the requirement, and converting the inference result meeting the requirement into RuleML rule language;
s34, analyzing the RuleML rule language converted in the step S33 to obtain stratum information, and updating the stratum information into a fact library;
s35, constructing an irregular stratum triangulation network by using the updated drilling information, the stratum structure diagram and the new knowledge obtained through reasoning in the fact library;
and S36, establishing a multilayer DEM by using the constructed stratum irregular triangulation network to obtain a regional stratum three-dimensional model, and outputting and visualizing the model.
Further, in step S1, the members of the classes include related attributes of the rules and confidence degrees used for describing the credibility of the rules, different classes are instantiated with different constructors to obtain specific rule objects, and then the rule objects are assigned; and (4) combining an embedded production expression method to further clearly express each rule object.
Further, in the step S32, assuming that there are n rules to be matched in the geological knowledge rule base, and there are p matching patterns in each rule object condition part, and there are m fact data at a certain point, the specific process of performing pattern matching is as follows: firstly, taking out a rule r from n rules to be matched; extracting a combination c consisting of p facts from the m facts; testing the rule r by using the combination c, and adding the rule r into a rule matching queue if the current rule condition is met; if m facts have other combinations c, skipping to the step (c); fifthly, taking out the next rule r and skipping to the step II.
The method can refine and mine geological data, geological rules and expert experience knowledge to obtain the required related knowledge rules of the geological field. And the geological domain knowledge rules are expressed in a class form by utilizing an object-oriented idea, so that the geological knowledge characteristics are more vividly and visually displayed, and effective geological information support is provided for the modeling research and application of a three-dimensional space solid model of a complex geological structure. The geological rule reasoning engine is constructed based on the NxBRE rule engine, the reasoning of the knowledge rules in the geological field can be realized, the geological information obtained by the reasoning is organized and managed through the RuLEML language, and the method is applied to the construction process of the three-dimensional model of the complex geological structure, can construct the three-dimensional model of the complex geological structure which is more in line with the geological reality and has higher precision, and provides powerful model foundation and support for the geoscience analysis and calculation.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of three-dimensional modeling of complex geological structures according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a structural model diagram of geological knowledge rules in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the objects, technical solutions and features of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides a three-dimensional modeling method for a complex geological structure under the constraint of knowledge rules, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
1. and mining and refining the geological rules and expert experience to obtain related knowledge rules in the geological field. And then, expressing the geological knowledge rule by using an object-oriented idea, expressing the geological knowledge rule in a class form, displaying the knowledge characteristics more vividly and visually, and providing more detailed and abundant geological information for a geological structure three-dimensional modeling method driven by the knowledge rule.
2. The geological knowledge rule base is constructed, so that geological domain knowledge can be more conveniently expanded and reasoning applied to better organize and manage geological domain knowledge rules, the geological domain knowledge rule base is constructed by using the thought of the geospatial database, and a foundation is laid for subsequent knowledge rule reasoning and three-dimensional modeling application.
3. And constructing a geological rule inference engine based on the NxBRE rule engine, constructing a geological domain rule base inference engine by using an object-oriented programming language on the basis of the NxBRE rule engine, realizing the inference function of a geological knowledge rule base, and applying geological domain knowledge obtained by inference to the three-dimensional modeling of the complex geological structure.
The specific implementation process of the embodiment is as follows:
1. acquisition and expression of rules for geological knowledge
Since geological phenomena have the characteristics of complexity, incompleteness, uncertainty and the like, the collected geological rules and expert experience knowledge need to be mined, abstracted and expressed so as to obtain related knowledge rules in the geological field. In the process, the invention adopts an object-oriented idea to organize and express knowledge and expert experience knowledge in complex and various geological fields, and expresses different knowledge rules into object-oriented class structures. The knowledge and experience hierarchy is better reflected by the encapsulation characteristic and the inheritance of the class. The design of class members mainly contains relevant attributes about rules, such as rule numbers, names, preconditions, conclusions and the like; meanwhile, a confidence member of a rule is designed to indicate the credibility of the rule, and the rule with high confidence is preferentially selected to participate in reasoning when the knowledge rule reasoning is carried out. An object-oriented knowledge representation model is shown in fig. 2. In the model, different rules are instantiated by calling different constructors, and a specific rule object is obtained. And (4) combining an embedded production expression method to further clearly express each rule object. The expression form of the causal relationship is the most form of geological rule expression, i.e., the result is derived by the condition, so it can be expressed by generating an expression form. The meaning of the overall generation formula is: if the preconditions are satisfied, a conclusion may be drawn or the specified operation performed.
2. Geological knowledge rule base establishment
As expert experience knowledge in the geological field can continuously increase along with the lapse of time, for better management and maintenance, the invention stores the knowledge rules by constructing a knowledge rule base, increases the independence of data and reduces data redundancy, and lays a foundation for reasoning and application of the knowledge rules at the later stage. The knowledge rule base is the best way to organize and manage knowledge rules, primarily to store a wide variety of rule instances. The invention builds the knowledge rule base in the geological field by using the thought of the geospatial database. According to the attribute characteristics of the knowledge rules in the geological field, the structures of the rule base and the fact base are designed by fully considering the application of later rule reasoning, so that the knowledge is stored and managed more efficiently. The fact library stores geological data, which are data capable of regular inference after information extraction, data integration, normalization and formatting and result data obtained after inference, and the data continuously increase along with the time.
3. Design of geological rule inference engine based on NxBRE
The NxBRE is an open-source lightweight business rule engine under a NET platform, which consists of a forward serial reasoning engine and an XML driving flow control engine, and is often used for solving the problem of non-uniform rule representation in complex business due to the advantages of simple structure and easy expansion. The invention expands the function of the NxBRE, constructs a geological domain knowledge rule reasoning engine and provides technical support for reasoning the geological domain knowledge rule. When the geological domain knowledge rule engine is used for reasoning, the design of the pattern matcher directly influences the efficiency of the reasoning process, and the regular expression pattern matching is adopted in the invention, so that the rapid and accurate rule matching can be realized. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, initializing an inference engine, calling an engine interface carried by the NxBRE, and loading the engine interface to a rule engine module;
s32, matching the rules in the rule base based on the pattern matcher of the regular expression;
assuming that there are n rules to be matched in the geological knowledge rule base, and there are p matching patterns in the condition part of each rule object, and there are m fact data at a certain point, the specific process of pattern matching is as follows: firstly, taking out a rule r from n rules to be matched; extracting a combination c consisting of p facts from the m facts; testing the rule r by using the combination c, and adding the rule r into a rule matching queue if the current rule condition is met; if m facts have other combinations c, skipping to the step (c); taking out the next rule r, and skipping to the second step;
s33, instantiating the successfully matched rule, and reasoning the instantiated result by a reasoning engine;
s34, inquiring the inference result, checking whether the inference result meets the requirement, and converting the inference result meeting the requirement into RuleML (Rule Modeling Language, which is a Rule Modeling Language used for sharing and publishing XML-based rules on the web).
4. Geological structure three-dimensional model construction method based on knowledge rule reasoning
Based on a geological domain knowledge rule reasoning engine, the implicit geological structure information can be mined by combining the fact data and the knowledge rules. And organizing and expressing the inferred result information by using RuleML, and applying the inferred result information to the construction process of the three-dimensional model of the geological structure, so that the three-dimensional model of the geological structure with higher precision and more conforming to the actual geological condition can be obtained. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, analyzing and converting the inference result through a RuleML rule language to obtain stratum information;
s42, updating the stratum information to a fact database;
s43, constructing a stratum triangulation network model;
s45, sewing multiple layers of DEMs to obtain a regional stratum three-dimensional model, performing three-dimensional modeling and expression on a geological structure object by combining a rule reasoning engine on the basis, realizing construction of the geological structure three-dimensional model, and outputting the geological structure three-dimensional model as a PLY file (the PLY file format is a set of three-dimensional mesh model data format developed by Stanford university);
and S46, performing three-dimensional visualization and expression on the model, wherein the model is an open-source free software system constructed based on a C + + programming language and mainly used for three-dimensional computer graphics, image processing and visualization by using VTK (visualization tool kit).
Claims (2)
1. A three-dimensional modeling method for a complex geological structure under the constraint of knowledge rules is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring and expressing geological knowledge rules: mining and refining geological rules and expert experiences to obtain related geological knowledge rules; then, expressing the geological knowledge rule in a class form by using an object-oriented method; the embedded production expression method is combined to further clearly express each rule object;
s2, constructing a geological knowledge rule base for storing the geological knowledge rules, wherein the geological knowledge rule base comprises a fact base and a rule base; the fact library stores geological data, which are data capable of regular inference after information extraction, data integration, normalization and formatting, and result data obtained after inference; the rule base is used for storing various rule instances;
s3, constructing a geological knowledge rule base reasoning engine, realizing the reasoning function of the geological knowledge rule base, and applying the geological knowledge obtained by reasoning to the three-dimensional modeling of the complex geological structure, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
s31, constructing a geological knowledge rule base inference engine based on the NxBRE rule engine;
s32, the inference engine adopts the pattern matcher of the regular expression to carry out pattern matching on the rules in the geological knowledge rule base, instantiates the rules which are successfully matched, and infers the instantiated results by the inference engine; assuming that there are n rules to be matched in the geological knowledge rule base, and there are p matching patterns in the condition part of each rule object, and there are m fact data at a certain point, the specific process of pattern matching is as follows: firstly, taking out a rule r from n rules to be matched; extracting a combination c consisting of p facts from the m facts; testing the rule r by using the combination c, and adding the rule r into a rule matching queue if the current rule condition is met; if m facts have other combinations c, skipping to the step (c); taking out the next rule r, and skipping to the second step;
s33, inquiring the inference result, determining whether the inference result meets the requirement, and converting the inference result meeting the requirement into RuleML rule language;
s34, analyzing the RuleML rule language converted in the step S33 to obtain stratum information, and updating the stratum information into a fact library;
s35, constructing an irregular stratum triangulation network by using the updated drilling information, the stratum structure diagram and the new knowledge obtained through reasoning in the fact library;
and S36, establishing a multilayer DEM by using the constructed stratum irregular triangulation network to obtain a regional stratum three-dimensional model, and outputting and visualizing the model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the members of the classes include related attributes of the rules and confidence levels for describing the credibility of the rules, and different classes are instantiated with different constructors to obtain specific rule objects, and then each rule object is assigned with a value.
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