CN108152654B - Locomotive inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method based on voltage analysis - Google Patents

Locomotive inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method based on voltage analysis Download PDF

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CN108152654B
CN108152654B CN201810022776.1A CN201810022776A CN108152654B CN 108152654 B CN108152654 B CN 108152654B CN 201810022776 A CN201810022776 A CN 201810022776A CN 108152654 B CN108152654 B CN 108152654B
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伍珣
成庶
李凯迪
罗屿
田睿
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Central South University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a voltage analysis-based locomotive inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a voltage-based fault judgment comparison table based on an output voltage signal of a locomotive inverter control circuit, a three-phase modulation principle and a fault occurrence mechanism; the fault judgment comparison table comprises a corresponding relation between a two-phase output voltage ratio signal and a fault phase and a corresponding relation between a voltage change signal and a fault position; acquiring a voltage ratio signal and a voltage change signal corresponding to the operation and fault process of a locomotive inverter; searching the fault judgment comparison table through a voltage ratio signal, and determining a fault phase corresponding to the fault; and searching the fault judgment comparison table under the fault phase through the voltage change signal, determining a fault position corresponding to the fault, and realizing fault diagnosis. The invention can realize accurate and effective diagnosis of the locomotive inverter on the premise of not modifying the locomotive, finally reduce the diagnosis cost and improve the diagnosis efficiency.

Description

Locomotive inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method based on voltage analysis
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to locomotive inverter fault diagnosis, in particular to a voltage analysis-based online diagnosis method for locomotive inverter open-circuit faults.
Background
Since the last 60 s, semiconductor traction converter technology has begun to be widely used in trains, and converter technology has become one of the signs of locomotive advancement and reliability. With the popularization of the current transformation technology, the problem of the fault of the main circuit device is gradually highlighted. At present, almost 38% of converter system faults are caused by semiconductor power electronic device faults directly or indirectly, most of the converter system faults are represented as open-circuit faults, and fault diagnosis systems installed in motor train units, CRH, HXD and other types of domestic vehicles are mainly used for train operation monitoring and recording, the on-line self-diagnosis function of trains is not completely realized, and manual diagnosis and fault positioning are required to be carried out on the basis of the experience of engineering personnel, so that the train maintenance efficiency is low, the false detection probability is high, and the like. For example, in 2016, a fault of the main converter and the auxiliary converter occurs for 9 times in a certain section, which accounts for 28.3% of all the faults in repair, wherein the fault is withheld and repaired for HXD3C-388, HXD3C-313 and HXD3C-715 locomotives, the fault is occurred for HXD3C-387, HXD3C-315 and HXD3C-720 locomotives, but the car is normally checked in a buckling mode, and the fault or repeated withholding and repair is more. Therefore, it is necessary to develop online fault diagnosis research for a locomotive converter system to ensure driving safety, improve maintenance efficiency, and reduce operation cost.
Existing inverter open-circuit fault research methods can be roughly classified into three categories according to diagnostic variables: 1) based on current sensing, such as by three-phase output current, motor stator current, or current error values; 2) diagnosing based on voltage detection, such as bridge arm voltage, three-phase output voltage or voltage residual, etc.; 3) the diagnosis is based on various signal fusion, such as combining voltage, current, rotating speed, control signals and the like.
The above research results have advantages in specific working environments, but the following disadvantages may exist in consideration of the following specificities of the locomotive: 1) the equipment on the locomotive is solidified and is not allowed to be modified randomly, so that the mode of acquiring a system control signal or additionally installing an additional sensor of the locomotive is not applicable any more, and the fault diagnosis of the locomotive conversion system has practical value only by being based on non-invasive constraint conditions; 2) the load on the locomotive has a large variation range and changes frequently, and the method of taking part of the current as a diagnostic variable may cause misdiagnosis.
Therefore, in the process of implementing the present application, the inventors found that the prior art has at least the following defects: the current fault diagnosis for the locomotive inverter is difficult to realize accurate and effective diagnosis under the condition of no change.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an online diagnosis method for an open-circuit fault of a locomotive inverter based on voltage analysis, which can implement accurate and effective diagnosis of the locomotive inverter without modifying the locomotive, and finally reduce the diagnosis cost and improve the diagnosis efficiency.
Based on the above purpose, the invention provides a voltage analysis-based locomotive inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a voltage-based fault judgment comparison table based on an output voltage signal of a locomotive inverter control circuit, a three-phase modulation principle and a fault occurrence mechanism; the fault judgment comparison table comprises a corresponding relation between a two-phase output voltage ratio signal and a fault phase and a corresponding relation between a voltage change signal and a fault position;
acquiring a voltage ratio signal and a voltage change signal corresponding to the operation and fault process of a locomotive inverter;
searching the fault judgment comparison table through a voltage ratio signal, and determining a fault phase corresponding to the fault;
and searching the fault judgment comparison table under the fault phase through the voltage change signal, determining a fault position corresponding to the fault, and realizing fault diagnosis.
Optionally, the fault determination comparison table further includes a correspondence between the voltage ratio signal and the voltage change signal, and is used for determining an algorithm of the corresponding voltage change signal based on different voltage ratio signals.
Optionally, the voltage ratio signal is a ratio of the second output voltage to the first output voltage; the first output voltage is a voltage between the first output end and the second output end, and the second output voltage is a voltage between the second output end and the third output end.
Optionally, the voltage variation signal includes a rising and falling trend of the first output voltage and the second output voltage, and a value range of a maximum value or a minimum value of the first output voltage and the second output voltage.
Optionally, the process of constructing the voltage-based fault determination comparison table includes:
respectively determining a special fault time period aiming at a specific fault in a current fault phase based on a three-phase modulation principle;
listing all possible combinations of the control signals according to the fault time period, and further solving to obtain a voltage ratio signal;
sequentially listing voltage ratio signals under different fault conditions in the other fault phases to obtain different voltage ratio signals of different fault phases, wherein the different voltage ratio signals are used for obtaining the corresponding relation between the voltage ratio signals and the fault phases;
aiming at specific faults in a certain fault phase, obtaining judgment conditions of fault occurrence according to a fault occurrence mechanism; the judgment conditions comprise the rising and falling trend of the output voltage and the value range of the voltage extreme value;
determining a judgment condition corresponding to a specific fault in each fault phase in sequence to obtain a corresponding relation between a voltage change signal and a fault position;
and establishing a fault judgment comparison table according to the corresponding relation between the voltage ratio signal and the fault phase and the corresponding relation between the voltage change signal and the fault position.
Optionally, based on that the faults of different power tubes in the locomotive inverter are mutually independent, the diagnosis of multiple faults is realized according to the fault judgment comparison table.
Optionally, the step of obtaining a voltage ratio signal and a voltage change signal corresponding to the operation and fault process of the locomotive inverter further includes:
acquiring a voltage ratio signal under a normal working condition and a current voltage ratio signal;
and comparing the current voltage ratio signal with the voltage ratio signal under the normal working condition to judge whether a fault occurs.
As can be seen from the above, the method for diagnosing the open-circuit fault of the locomotive inverter based on the voltage analysis, provided by the invention, obtains the corresponding relationship between the voltage ratio signal and the fault phase and the corresponding relationship between the voltage change signal and the fault position by constructing the fault judgment comparison table based on the voltage analysis, so that the corresponding fault phase can be determined through the voltage ratio signal, and then the unique fault position can be determined based on the voltage change signal. That is, the scheme establishes the relation list of the characteristics and the faults of the existing voltage signals in the fault sending process by digging the corresponding relation between the characteristics and the faults, so that a diagnostician can determine the specific fault position by looking up the table by collecting the corresponding voltage signals, thereby not only avoiding the transformation of the locomotive in the conventional diagnosis process, but also realizing accurate diagnosis. Therefore, the voltage analysis-based locomotive inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method can realize accurate and effective diagnosis of the locomotive inverter on the premise of not modifying the locomotive, finally reduces diagnosis cost and improves diagnosis efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for online diagnosing an open-circuit fault of a locomotive inverter based on voltage analysis according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a prior art 25T locomotive inverter;
FIG. 3a is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to a first control signal combination when VT1 provided by the present invention is failed;
FIG. 3b is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to a second control signal combination when the VT1 provided by the present invention is failed;
FIG. 3c is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to a third control signal combination when the VT1 provided by the present invention is failed;
FIG. 3d is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to a fourth control signal combination when the VT1 provided by the present invention is failed;
fig. 3e is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to a fifth control signal combination when the VT1 provided by the present invention has a fault;
FIG. 4a is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to a first control signal combination when the VT2 provided by the present invention is failed;
FIG. 4b is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to a second control signal combination when the VT2 provided by the present invention is failed;
FIG. 4c is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to a third control signal combination when the VT2 provided by the present invention is failed;
FIG. 4d is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to a fourth control signal combination when the VT2 provided by the present invention is failed;
fig. 4e is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to the fifth control signal combination when the VT2 provided by the present invention has a fault.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that all expressions using "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are used for distinguishing two entities with the same name but different names or different parameters, and it should be noted that "first" and "second" are merely for convenience of description and should not be construed as limitations of the embodiments of the present invention, and they are not described in any more detail in the following embodiments.
The application provides an improved scheme for realizing fault location diagnosis by utilizing existing signals, particularly voltage signals, aiming at the problems existing in the current locomotive fault diagnosis process. In order to understand the key point of the scheme of the application more clearly and to be compatible with the application occasion of the converter of the in-service locomotive, the embodiment of the application takes a common 25T type bus air conditioner inverter as a model, and provides a non-intrusive type inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method based on voltage analysis. According to the method, only two existing voltage sensors of the locomotive are utilized to theoretically analyze the voltage ratio signal and the voltage change signal under the normal working condition, the single power tube open circuit fault and the two power tube open circuit faults, so that fault positioning can be effectively completed, and the train running safety is guaranteed. The method provided by the application has the advantages of small calculated amount, easiness in realization, no influence of load change on fault characteristics and effectiveness in no-load and light-load conditions.
In order to more clearly understand the mechanism of locomotive failure, the normal working condition of the inverter is firstly analyzed: the schematic circuit diagram of the 25T locomotive inverter is shown in FIG. 2. Input voltage udcAnd (t) is direct current 600V, the output voltage is three-phase 380V/50Hz, and the voltage is modulated by adopting SPWM and is controlled in a closed loop mode. L is1And R1For the precharge circuit, after completion of the precharge, the contactor KM2 was closed. C1～C4And R3～R6A capacitor assembly is supported on the DC side for stabilizing the inverter input voltage. KM3 and R2For discharging the circuit, when the inverter stops working, the contactor KM3 is closed, and the energy stored in the supporting capacitor is released. VT1～VT6Respectively provided with anti-parallel diodes VD1～VD6The fully-controlled power tube. Ca～CcAre respectively three-phase non-inductive capacitor, La～LcRespectively, three-phase filter inductors. Output voltage uab(t) and ubc(t) are measured by voltage sensors TV201 and TV202, respectively.
Line voltage u ' according to kirchhoff's law 'ab(t)，u'bc(t) and u'ca(t) can be calculated from the following equation:
Figure BDA0001544081370000051
Figure BDA0001544081370000052
wherein u isVT1(t)～uVT6(t) are each VT1～VT6Voltage across tra(t)～trcAnd (t) are control signals of phases a to c respectively. According to the formula, under the normal working condition, the values of the line voltages are udc0 and-udc. After passing through the output LC assembly, the output line voltage can be represented as follows:
Figure BDA0001544081370000053
wherein, UmIs the voltage amplitude, omega is the modulation wave angular frequency,
Figure BDA0001544081370000054
is the phase angle. In general
Figure BDA0001544081370000055
The value is-2 pi/3.
Let x be uab(t)，y＝ubc(t), the voltage ratio signal is,
Figure BDA0001544081370000056
it can be seen that, normally, k is a value that varies periodically with time.
Further, a method for analyzing and providing an improved diagnosis for the relevant voltage signal in the fault state is provided, and referring to fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for online diagnosis of an open-circuit fault of a locomotive inverter based on voltage analysis provided by the invention is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the voltage analysis-based locomotive inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
step S1, constructing a fault judgment comparison table based on voltage based on an output voltage signal of a locomotive inverter control circuit, a three-phase modulation principle and a fault occurrence mechanism; the fault judgment comparison table comprises a corresponding relation between a two-phase output voltage ratio signal and a fault phase and a corresponding relation between a voltage change signal and a fault position;
in some optional embodiments of the present application, the process of constructing the voltage-based failure determination comparison table includes the following steps:
step S11, determining a special fault time interval based on a three-phase modulation principle for specific faults in the current fault phase;
specifically, since the locomotive inverter circuit of the embodiment adopts voltage closed-loop control, the output line voltage is less affected by the load. For the convenience of fault analysis, it is assumed that three output terminals a, b, and c of the inverter are directly connected to a resistive load with equal three-phase resistance. Therefore, when the upper bridge arm power tube has an open-circuit fault, for example: if a-phase VT1In the event of a fault, based on the three-phase modulated wave ura、urb、urcThe magnitude relationship of (a) may determine that a particular failure period is as follows: z1:ura>urband urc(2kπ+π/6<ωt<2kπ+5π/6)。
Step S12, enumerating all possible combinations of the control signals according to the fault time interval, and further solving to obtain a voltage ratio signal;
wherein for Z1Period, control signal tra(t)-trc(t) there are five different combinations:
when tr isa(t)＝trb(t)＝trc(t)＝1, as shown in FIG. 3a, has uVT1＝uVT3＝udc，uVT4＝uVT6＝0，u'ab＝u'bc＝0。
When tr isa(t)＝1，trb(t)＝trcWhen (t) is 0, as shown in FIG. 3b, u isVT1＝uVT3＝udc，uVT4＝uVT6＝0，u'ab＝u'bc＝0。
When tr isa(t)＝trb(t)＝1，trcWhen (t) is 0, as shown in FIG. 3c, u isVT1＝udc/2，uVT3＝uVT6＝0，uVT4＝udc，u'ab＝-udc/2，u'bc＝udc。
When tr isa(t)＝trb(t)＝trcWhen (t) is 1, as shown in FIG. 3d, there is uVT1＝uVT3＝0，uVT4＝uVT6＝udc，u'ab＝u'bc＝0。
When tr isa(t)＝1，trb(t)＝0，trcWhen (t) is 1, as shown in FIG. 3e, u isVT1＝udc/2，uVT3＝uVT6＝udc，uVT4＝0，u'ab＝u'bc＝0。
VT can thus be obtained1U 'at failure'abAnd u'bcSee table 1 for values of (a):
TABLE 1VT1U 'at failure'abAnd u'bcValue of (A)
Figure BDA0001544081370000061
VT is listed in Table 11U 'at failure'abAnd u'bcThe value of (c). As can be seen from Table 1, the failure period u'bcAnd u'abThe ratio of (A) is a constant value of-2. Since the parameters of the three-phase filtering components are basically consistent, the filtering transfer functions are basically the same. Therefore, the voltage ratio signal, i.e. the voltage signal, can be known according to the linear relationNumber ratio k ═ ubc(t)/uab(t) and u'bc/u'abEqual, i.e. the voltage ratio signal k-2.
Optionally, the voltage ratio signal is a second output voltage ubcAnd a first output voltage uabThe ratio of (A) to (B); wherein the first output voltage uabIs the voltage between the first output terminal a and the second output terminal b, the second output voltage ubcIs the voltage between the second output terminal b and the third output terminal c.
Step S13, sequentially listing voltage ratio signals under different fault conditions in the other fault phases to obtain different voltage ratio signals of different fault phases, wherein the different voltage ratio signals are used for obtaining the corresponding relation between the voltage ratio signals and the fault phases;
in step S12, the voltage ratio signals corresponding to the remaining faults can also be derived, for example: when the lower bridge arm power tube has open-circuit fault, such as a-phase VT2In the event of a fault, based on the three-phase modulated wave ura、urb、urcThe size relationship of (a) may determine that the special failure period is:
Z2:ura<urband urc(2kπ+7π/6<ωt<2kπ+11π/6)。
at Z2During this period, the control signal tra(t)-trc(t) there are five different combinations:
when tr isa(t)＝trb(t)＝trcWhen (t) is 0, as shown in FIG. 4a, u is presentVT1＝uVT3＝udc，uVT4＝uVT6＝0，u'ab＝u'bc＝0。
When tr isa(t)＝trb(t)＝0，trcWhen (t) is 1, as shown in FIG. 4b, u isVT1＝udc/2，uVT3＝uVT6＝udc，uVT4＝0，u'ab＝udc/2，u'bc＝-udc。
When tr isa(t)＝0，trb(t)＝trcWhen (t) is 1, as shown in fig. 4c,has uVT1＝uVT3＝0，uVT4＝uVT6＝udc，u'ab＝u'bc＝0。
When tr isa(t)＝trb(t)＝trcWhen (t) is 1, as shown in FIG. 4d, there is uVT1＝uVT3＝0，uVT4＝uVT6＝udc，u'ab＝u'bc＝0。
When tr isa(t)＝0，trb(t)＝1，trcWhen (t) is 0, as shown in FIG. 4e, u isVT1＝udc/2，uVT3＝uVT6＝0，uVT4＝udc，u'ab＝-udc/2，u'bc＝udc。
VT can thus be obtained2U 'at failure'abAnd u'bcSee table 2 for values of (d):
TABLE 2 VT2U 'at failure'abAnd u'bcValue of (A)
Figure BDA0001544081370000071
Figure BDA0001544081370000081
Table 2 shows VT2U 'at failure'abAnd u'bcThe value of (c). As can be seen from Table 2, the failure period u'bcAnd u'abIs a constant value of-2, and thus the voltage ratio signal k is also constant-2.
Further, the k value at the time of failure of other phases can be obtained in the same manner. Table 3 lists u 'at failure of other phases'abAnd u'bcThe value of (c).
TABLE 3 u 'at failure of other power tubes'abAnd u'bcValue of (A)
Figure BDA0001544081370000082
Figure BDA0001544081370000091
As can be seen from table 3, when the b-phase fails, the voltage ratio signal k is equal to 1. When the phase c fails, the voltage ratio signal k is-1/2. That is, the failure of one of the three phases a, b and c can be determined reversely through the voltage ratio signal.
Step S14, aiming at specific faults in a certain fault phase, obtaining judgment conditions of fault occurrence according to a fault occurrence mechanism; the judgment conditions comprise the rising and falling trend of the output voltage and the value range of the voltage extreme value;
however, as can be seen from step S13, the faulty phase can be determined from the k value, but in order to locate the specific position of the fault in a certain phase, further determination needs to be made according to the values of x and y.
Taking phase a as an example for analysis, when a fault occurs in the upper bridge arm, the value of x rises to UmBeginning to descend before; when a fault occurs in the lower bridge arm, the value of x will drop to-UmThe rise is started before. Therefore, the judgment condition that the fault occurs in the upper bridge arm is as follows:
Figure BDA0001544081370000092
where Δ x is the difference between the value of x at the current time and the value of x at the previous time, xMAXIs the maximum value x can reach in one period. The judgment conditions of the lower bridge arm with the fault are as follows:
Figure BDA0001544081370000093
wherein x isMINIs the minimum value x can reach in one period.
Step S15, determining the corresponding judgment condition of the concrete fault in each fault phase in turn to obtain the corresponding relation between the voltage change signal and the fault position; that is, according to the same principle of step S14, the determination conditions of the two phases b and c can be derived, and the corresponding relationship between the voltage change signal and the fault position can be obtained.
And step S16, constructing a fault judgment comparison table according to the corresponding relation between the voltage ratio signal and the fault phase and the corresponding relation between the voltage change signal and the fault position.
As shown in table 4, the criterion is the criterion when the open circuit fault occurs in the power tube. Or table 4 is an optional failure determination comparison table.
TABLE 4 basis for determining open circuit fault of power tube
Figure BDA0001544081370000101
Step S2, acquiring a voltage ratio signal and a voltage change signal corresponding to the operation and fault process of the locomotive inverter; optionally, the voltage variation signal includes a rising and falling trend of the first output voltage and the second output voltage, and a value range of a maximum value or a minimum value of the first output voltage and the second output voltage.
Step S3, the fault judgment comparison table is searched through the voltage ratio signal, and the fault phase corresponding to the fault is determined;
and step S4, searching the fault judgment comparison table under the fault phase through the voltage change signal, determining the fault position corresponding to the fault, and realizing fault diagnosis.
In some optional embodiments of the present application, the fault determination comparison table further includes a correspondence between the voltage ratio signal and the voltage variation signal, and is used for determining a corresponding algorithm of the voltage variation signal based on different voltage ratio signals. In this way, on the basis of step S3, a specific fault location can be diagnosed within the corresponding fault phase, which not only makes the diagnosis process more accurate, but also improves the diagnosis efficiency.
In other optional embodiments of the present application, the step of obtaining the corresponding voltage ratio signal and voltage variation signal during operation and fault of the locomotive inverter further includes:
acquiring a voltage ratio signal under a normal working condition and a current voltage ratio signal;
and comparing the current voltage ratio signal with the voltage ratio signal under the normal working condition to judge whether a fault occurs.
That is, whether a fault occurs at present can be further diagnosed directly through comparison and judgment of the voltage ratio signal, and the method is particularly effective for some faults which are not easy to find, and is more concise and effective.
Furthermore, the above analysis is performed with a purely resistive load, and when the load is a resistive load, all voltage characteristics remain substantially unchanged. Since the six power tubes of the inverter are topologically independent from each other, or are uncorrelated from each other, and the correlation coefficient is zero, the influence of the open-circuit fault occurring in each power tube is also mutually independent. When two power tubes are in fault, the two power tubes in fault can still be diagnosed and positioned through the table 4. That is, the present application can also implement the diagnosis of a plurality of faults according to the fault judgment comparison table.
According to the embodiment, the voltage analysis-based locomotive inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method obtains the corresponding relation between the voltage ratio signal and the fault phase and the corresponding relation between the voltage change signal and the fault position by constructing the voltage analysis-based fault judgment comparison table, so that the corresponding fault phase can be determined through the voltage ratio signal, and then the unique fault position is determined based on the voltage change signal. That is, the scheme establishes the relation list of the characteristics and the faults of the existing voltage signals in the fault sending process by digging the corresponding relation between the characteristics and the faults, so that a diagnostician can determine the specific fault position by looking up the table by collecting the corresponding voltage signals, thereby not only avoiding the transformation of the locomotive in the conventional diagnosis process, but also realizing accurate diagnosis. Therefore, the voltage analysis-based locomotive inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method can realize accurate and effective diagnosis of the locomotive inverter on the premise of not modifying the locomotive, finally reduces diagnosis cost and improves diagnosis efficiency.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the invention, also features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
The embodiments of the invention are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A locomotive inverter open-circuit fault online diagnosis method based on voltage analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a voltage-based fault judgment comparison table based on an output voltage signal of a locomotive inverter control circuit, a three-phase modulation principle and a fault occurrence mechanism; the fault judgment comparison table comprises a corresponding relation between a two-phase output voltage ratio signal and a fault phase and a corresponding relation between a voltage change signal and a fault position;
acquiring a voltage ratio signal and a voltage change signal corresponding to the operation and fault process of a locomotive inverter; the voltage ratio signal is the ratio of the second output voltage to the first output voltage; the first output voltage is a voltage between a first output end and a second output end, and the second output voltage is a voltage between the second output end and a third output end;
searching the fault judgment comparison table through a voltage ratio signal, and determining a fault phase corresponding to the fault;
and searching the fault judgment comparison table under the fault phase through the voltage change signal, determining a fault position corresponding to the fault, and realizing fault diagnosis.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fault determination look-up table further comprises a correspondence of voltage ratio signals to voltage change signals, and an algorithm for determining corresponding voltage change signals based on different voltage ratio signals.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the voltage variation signal comprises a rising and falling trend of the first output voltage and the second output voltage and a value range of a maximum value or a minimum value of the first output voltage and the second output voltage.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of constructing the voltage-based fault determination look-up table comprises:
respectively determining a special fault time period aiming at a specific fault in a current fault phase based on a three-phase modulation principle;
listing all possible combinations of the control signals according to the fault time period, and further solving to obtain a voltage ratio signal;
sequentially listing voltage ratio signals under different fault conditions in the other fault phases to obtain different voltage ratio signals of different fault phases, wherein the different voltage ratio signals are used for obtaining the corresponding relation between the voltage ratio signals and the fault phases;
aiming at specific faults in a certain fault phase, obtaining judgment conditions of fault occurrence according to a fault occurrence mechanism; the judgment conditions comprise the rising and falling trend of the output voltage and the value range of the voltage extreme value;
determining a judgment condition corresponding to a specific fault in each fault phase in sequence to obtain a corresponding relation between a voltage change signal and a fault position;
and establishing a fault judgment comparison table according to the corresponding relation between the voltage ratio signal and the fault phase and the corresponding relation between the voltage change signal and the fault position.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the diagnosing of the plurality of faults is performed based on the fault determination look-up table based on the different power transistors in the locomotive inverter failing independently of each other.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining corresponding voltage ratio signals and voltage change signals during operation and failure of the locomotive inverter is preceded by the step of:
acquiring a voltage ratio signal under a normal working condition and a current voltage ratio signal;
and comparing the current voltage ratio signal with the voltage ratio signal under the normal working condition to judge whether a fault occurs.
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