CN108152284A - A kind of detection method of melamine in fluid milk - Google Patents
A kind of detection method of melamine in fluid milk Download PDFInfo
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- CN108152284A CN108152284A CN201810120994.9A CN201810120994A CN108152284A CN 108152284 A CN108152284 A CN 108152284A CN 201810120994 A CN201810120994 A CN 201810120994A CN 108152284 A CN108152284 A CN 108152284A
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- melamine
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
Abstract
A kind of detection method of melamine in fluid milk, includes the following steps:The aqueous solution of chloraurate that 100 parts by volume mass fractions are 0.01% is heated to boiling, it is kept stirring the trisodium citrate aqueous solution for adding in that 2 parts by volume mass fractions are 1% under state, continue heating until color stops heating after no longer changing, the grain size for being cooled to room temperature to obtain the nano Au particle that nano-Au solution is spare, in nano-Au solution is 11nm 12nm;The liquid milk containing melamine is taken, add in 1 parts by volume trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution and shakes up, be then centrifuged for and take supernatant spare;Supernatant and nano-Au solution are mixed and test absorbance, the concentration up to melamine in fluid milk is then compared with standard curve.The detection method is good with sensitivity, strong antijamming capability, easy to operate, lower-cost advantage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection methods of melamine in fluid milk.
Background technology
Melamine belongs to triazines nitrogen heterocyclic ring organic compound, is a kind of widely used organic chemical industry's intermediate.
Due to its nitrogen content height, artificially it is added in raw material milk, dairy produce and feed to cause albumen when detecting by illegal producer
Matter content illusion up to standard or exceeded has caused a lot of " melamine events " for generating significant impact.If people takes the photograph for a long time
Entering melamine can cause urinary system to damage, and lead to the calculus in wing skin and kidney portion, and induced tumor.Therefore, trimerization in food
Cyanogen ammonia quantitatively detects food-safe significant.At present, both at home and abroad generally using high performance liquid chromatography, gas-chromatography-
Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry are detected melamine in raw material milk and dairy produce, but these methods
Instrument that is complicated for operation, needing costliness and numerous ancillary equipments, and detection sensitivity is relatively low, the other components in liquid milk are to surveying
Determining result has interference, in addition, in order to detect melamine, needs to detach the protein in liquid milk, now often
It is detached with chloroform and trichloroacetic acid, shortcoming is also more apparent:It is endless that protein precipitation easily occurs for chloroform and trichloroacetic acid
Full situation, and content of melamine is caused to lose, while need to readjust acid-base value, cause its anti-interference poor, to three
The detection of poly cyanamid brings inconvenience.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide trimerization in a kind of easy to operate, stronger liquid milk of anti-interference
The detection method of cyanamide.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention uses following technical scheme:A kind of inspection of melamine in fluid milk
Survey method, includes the following steps:
Step 1: prepare nanogold:
The aqueous solution of chloraurate that 100 parts by volume mass fractions are 0.01% is heated to boiling, is kept stirring under state and adds in 2 bodies
The trisodium citrate aqueous solution that product part mass fraction is 1%, the aqueous solution of chloraurate become shallow first in 3min-5 min
Then grey gradually reddens, eventually become claret, continues heating reaction 2min-3 min, until color is stopped after no longer changing
Only heat, it is spare to be cooled to room temperature to obtain nano-Au solution, wherein, the grain size of the nano Au particle in nano-Au solution is
11nm-12nm;
Step 2: draw standard curve:
The liquid milk sample that 2 parts by volume known to multiple concentration contain melamine is taken to be diluted to 5 parts by volume, is then respectively adding
1 parts by volume trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution simultaneously shakes up, and 0.1 parts by volume supernatant is taken after centrifugation, adds in 0.9 parts by volume step 1 and is prepared into
To nano-Au solution in, react 1min at room temperature and obtain mixed liquor, detection mixed liquor is to visible ray that wavelength is 518 nm
Absorbance and to the absorbance of visible ray that wavelength is 680 nm, utilizes known melamine concentration data, corresponding mixing
Liquid is the absorbance of the visible ray of 680 nm and is that the ratio data of absorbance of visible ray of 518 nm is painted to wavelength to wavelength
Standard curve is made;
Step 3: quantitatively detect the melamine concentration in liquid milk sample:
2 parts by volume liquid milk sample to be measured is taken to be diluted with water to 5 parts by volume, then adds in 1 parts by volume trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution simultaneously
It shakes up, 0.1 parts by volume supernatant is taken after centrifugation, add in the nano-Au solution that 0.9 parts by volume step 1 is prepared, at room temperature
Reaction 1min obtains mixed liquor, if the color keep claret of mixed liquor is constant, three are not contained in liquid milk sample to be measured
Poly cyanamid, detection terminate, if the color of mixed liquor becomes blue from claret, prove to contain three in liquid milk sample to be measured
Poly cyanamid continues the visible ray for detecting the absorbance for the visible ray that mixed liquor is 680 nm to wavelength and to wavelength being 518 nm
Absorbance obtains dulling luminosity ratio Value Data, then is found out and the absorbance ratio phase from the standard curve that step 2 is drawn
Corresponding melamine concentration value, the melamine concentration in liquid milk sample as to be measured.
When the concentration of melamine in the liquid milk sample to be measured is less than 40.0 μm of ol/L, then standard need not be drawn
Curve(Eliminate step 2), the mixed liquor need to be only detected after mixed liquor is obtained to suction of the wavelength for the visible ray of 680 nm
Luminosity and to wavelength be 518 nm visible ray absorbance, obtain dulling luminosity ratio Value Data, then according to the following formula it is straight
Connect the melamine concentration value calculated in liquid milk sample to be measured:x=0.056+0.96/[1+10^(2.4-0.13y)], above formula
In, x be melamine concentration, y be mixed liquor be to wavelength 680 nm visible ray absorbance and be 518 nm to wavelength
Visible ray absorbance ratio.
Preferably, speed of agitator when adding in the trisodium citrate aqueous solution that 2mL mass fractions are 1% is 200r/min-
300 r/min。
Preferably, the mass fraction of solute is 10% in the trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution.
Preferably, the rotating speed during centrifugation is 10000 r/min-14000 r/min.
It is highly preferred that the time 8min-12 min of the centrifugation.
Compared to the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the present invention is by the way that the aqueous solution of chloraurate that mass fraction is 0.01% to be heated to boiling, and it is 1% to add in mass fraction
Trisodium citrate aqueous solution, nanogold particle coated by negatively charged citrate ion, and stable there are aqueous solutions
In, after adding melamine, the nanogold of claret becomes blue due to occurring to reunite, and reunion reason is:Negatively charged lemon
The nanogold electrostatic repulsion of lemon acid group package is offseted with Van der Waals force, so nanogold is uniformly dispersed.And melamine rings
Outer to contain there are three amino, amino can replace the citrate of nanometer gold surface, be incorporated in a nanometer gold surface, reduce nanogold
Between electrostatic repulsion;On the other hand, be covered in the melamine of nanometer gold surface acted on by intermolecular hydrogen bonding (amino it
Between, amino and the nitrogen-atoms on ring) it is cross-linked with each other, it may also lead to nanogold and reunite, so as to cause the face of nano-Au solution
Corresponding variation occurs for color and absorption spectrum.The color of nano-Au solution and the test result of visible absorption spectrum after reunion
Respective change occurs, test result is substituted into standard curve, you can quantitatively detects the content of melamine in fluid milk, presses
The diameter of nano Au particle synthesized according to the preparation method of the nanogold provided in the present invention only has 11nm-12nm, interparticle
Repulsive force is smaller, has good antijamming capability, is only capable of identification melamine, and sensitivity is good, and Monitoring lower-cut is 0.1 μ
mol/L;
2. by consuming a small amount of trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution, you can the protein precipitation in liquid milk is complete, and trifluoroacetic acid adds
The loss of melamine will not be caused by entering, and without acid-base value is adjusted after the activation, be had easy to operate, lower-cost excellent
Point, further improves interference free performance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the microscope photo of nanogold particle.
Fig. 2 is that the visible ray of the nanogold particle and the nanogold particle after addition melamine that do not add in melamine is inhaled
Receive spectrum.
Fig. 3 is absorbance A518, absorbance A680With absorbance ratio A680/A518With the relationship of melamine concentration.
Fig. 4 responds matched curve for melamine.
Fig. 5 is the visible absorption spectrum for being separately added into nanogold after interfering substance and melamine.
Fig. 6 is the absorbance ratio A for being separately added into nanogold after interfering substance and melamine680/A518。
Specific embodiment
Embodiment is given below so that the present invention to be specifically described, it is necessary to which indicated herein is following embodiment
It is used to further illustrate the present invention, it is impossible to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the ordinary skill in the field
Personnel still fall within protection scope of the present invention to the nonessential improvement of some made of the invention or adjustment according to this embodiment.
Step 1: the preparation of nanogold
100 mL0.01wt% aqueous solution of chloraurate are measured in three neck round bottom flask, a magnetic agitation seed are added in, in constant temperature
It heats continuous heating on magnetic stirring apparatus and, to boiling, the 1wt% citric acids of 2 mL is rapidly joined under 250 r/min strong stirrings
Three sodium water solutions, golden yellow aqueous solution of chloraurate become light grey in 3min-5 min, then gradually redden, eventually become
Claret continues heating stirring 2min-3 min, until nanogold color no longer changes, stops heating, continues stirring and is cooled to
Room temperature obtains nano-Au solution;It draws 2 mL of nano-Au solution to be placed in centrifuge tube, 6 is centrifuged under 13000 r/min rotating speeds
After min, extra supernatant is removed, taking remaining nano-Au solution drop, it is extra to be sucked with filter paper in being incubated 10 min on 5 mm copper mesh
Reagent, drying at room temperature is overnight, is observed under transmission electron microscope.By the pattern of transmission electron microscope observation nanogold particle,
Size and the uniformity whether there is polygonal and ellipse.It takes a picture(Fig. 1)After amplification, the nanogold particle size in measurement figure is simultaneously
Particle engineer's scale in figure, you can the diameter of each nanogold particle is calculated, randomly selects multiple nanogold
The average diameter that the nanogold particle in the present embodiment is calculated in particle is 11nm-12nm, and for nanogold particle,
Average diameter size reflects the size of grain size, i.e., the grain size of above-mentioned gained nanogold particle is 11nm-12nm.
Step 2: draw standard curve:
The liquid milk sample that 2ml known to 10 concentration is taken to contain melamine(0μmol/L、0.1μmol/L、1.0μmol/L、
5.0μmol/L、10.0μmol/L、15.0μmol/L、20.0μmol/L、40.0μmol/L、80.0μmol/L、100.0μmol/L)
5ml is diluted with water to, be then respectively adding 1mL 10wt% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solutions and is shaken up, holding rotating speed is 10000 r/
100 μ L supernatants is taken to be added to 900 μ L step 1 after centrifugation 8min-12 min under the conditions of min-14000 r/min to be prepared into
To nano-Au solution in, react 1min at room temperature and obtain mixed liquor, observe the color of mixed liquor, it is found that melamine concentration is low
Without notable color change after liquid milk sample and the nanogold reaction of 5.0 μm of ol/L, melamine concentration for 5.0 μm of ol/L and
Color becomes purple after liquid milk sample and the nanogold reaction of 10.0 μm of ol/L(Reunion unobvious cause its color to be claret
With the Neutral colour of blue), color becomes after liquid milk sample of the melamine concentration higher than 10.0 μm of ol/L is reacted with nanogold
Blue, it can be seen that, with the increase of melamine concentration, the color of nanogold gradually becomes purple, then by purple by claret
Fade to blue, detection mixed liquor be to wavelength the absorbance of the visible ray of 518 nm and be to wavelength 680 nm visible ray suction
Luminosity, using known melamine concentration data, corresponding mixed liquor to wavelength be 680 nm visible ray absorbance and
The ratio data of the absorbance for the visible ray that wavelength is 518 nm is drawn to obtain standard curve.
As shown in figure 3, the absorbance at the expression wavelength of curve 1 680nm is with the variation of melamine concentration, 3 table of curve
Absorbance at the long 518nm of oscillography with the variation of melamine concentration, curve 2 represent the absorbance at wavelength 680nm places with
The ratio of absorbance at 518nm is with the variation of melamine concentration.A680/A518With melamine concentration in 0-40.0 μ
There is good concentration-dependent relation in the range of mol/L, fit equation curve is as shown in figure 4, S Linear equations are:x=0.056
+0.96/[1+10^(2.4-0.13y)], coefficient R2=0.99575, in above formula, x is the concentration of melamine, and y is mixed liquor
Be to wavelength the absorbance of the visible ray of 680 nm and be to wavelength 518 nm visible ray absorbance ratio.
In the visible absorption spectrum of Fig. 2, curve 1 adds in the visible spectrum after melamine for nano-Au solution, bent
Line 2 is the visible spectrum for not adding in the nanogold before melamine, as seen from the figure, after adding melamine, nano-Au solution
Color becomes blue, the absorption intensity at its 518 nm is caused to significantly reduce, and occur new absorption band near 680 nm.
Step 3: quantitatively detect the melamine concentration in liquid milk;
A certain amount of melamine solution is added in liquid milk(The 250 box-packed plain chocolate of mL Tetrapacks of Mongolia Ox), mark-on sample is made
Product(It is equivalent to liquid milk sample to be measured), 2.0 mL mark-on samples are taken, are diluted with water to 5.0 mL, then add in 1mL 10wt%
Trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution simultaneously shakes up, after keeping rotating speed as centrifugation 8min-12 min under the conditions of 10000 r/min-14000 r/min
100 μ L supernatants is taken to be added in the nano-Au solution that 900 μ L step 1 are prepared, 1min is reacted at room temperature and obtains blue
Mixed liquor, detection mixed liquor be to wavelength 518 nm visible ray absorbance and be to wavelength 680 nm visible ray suction
Luminosity obtains dulling luminosity ratio Value Data, then finds out from the standard curve that step 2 is drawn opposite with the absorbance ratio
The melamine concentration value answered obtains melamine concentration in liquid milk sample to be measured as 4.2 μm of ol/L, the calculated value and
Actual value difference only 0.2 μm of ol/L, the error of melamine concentration is very small in mixed liquor.
Anti-interference capability testing:
Nutritional ingredient in milk is complicated, other than being centrifuged off main component protein and fat with trifluoroacetic acid, carbohydrate and
Minerals more difficult removing is rich in K in minerals+、Na+、Cu2+、Zn2+ Deng cation and SO4 2-、Cl-Wait anion.In order to verify
Nanometer gold determination milk in melamine when antijamming capability, the present embodiment have studied with melamine same concentrations other
Influence of the interfering substance to nanogold particle solution(These interfering substances are respectively:1. ultra-pure water, 2. glycine, 3. L- essence ammonia
Acid, 4. plumbi nitras, 5. stannous chlorides, 6. barium chlorides, 7. Salzburg vitriols, 8. zinc acetates, 9. potassium iodide, 10. ammonium chlorides,
11. disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 12. sodium chloride, 13. methylol methane, 14. melamines, each material concentration are 40.0 μ
Curve 1 is nano-Au solution to add in the absorption spectrum tested after interfering substance, curve 2 in nano-Au solution in mol/L, Fig. 5
The absorption spectrum tested after middle addition melamine, Fig. 6 expressions are separately added into the nanogold after interfering substance and melamine
Absorbance ratio A680/A518).Experiment finds that nanogold remains to be stabilized after interfering substance is added in, and absorption spectrum is substantially not
Become, and melamine makes nanogold quickly reunite, and occurs new characteristic peak at 680 nm.Absorbance ratio A680/
A518Great variety only occurs after melamine is added in.Interfering substance that may be present detects nanogold colorimetric method in milk
Melamine does not generate interference, and antijamming capability is preferable.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of detection method of melamine in fluid milk, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Step 1: prepare nanogold:The aqueous solution of chloraurate that 100 parts by volume mass fractions are 0.01% is heated to boiling, is protected
The trisodium citrate aqueous solution for adding in that 2 parts by volume mass fractions are 1% under stirring is held, the aqueous solution of chloraurate exists
Become light grey in 3min-5 min first, then gradually redden, eventually become claret, continue heating reaction 2min-3
Min, until color stops heating after no longer changing, it is spare to be cooled to room temperature to obtain nano-Au solution, wherein, in nano-Au solution
Nano Au particle grain size be 11nm-12nm;
Step 2: draw standard curve:2 parts by volume liquid milk samples known to multiple melamine concentrations is taken to be diluted to 5 volumes
Part, it is then respectively adding 1 parts by volume trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution and shakes up, 0.1 parts by volume supernatant is taken after centrifugation, add in 0.9 body
In the nano-Au solution that product part step 1 is prepared, 1min is reacted at room temperature and obtains mixed liquor, detection mixed liquor is to wavelength
The absorbance of the ultraviolet light of 518 nm and to wavelength be 680 nm ultraviolet light absorbance, utilize known melamine concentration
Data, corresponding mixed liquor be to wavelength the absorbance of the ultraviolet light of 680 nm and be to wavelength 518 nm ultraviolet light extinction
The ratio data of degree draws to obtain standard curve;
Step 3: quantitatively detect the melamine concentration in liquid milk sample:2 parts by volume liquid milk sample to be measured is taken to be diluted with water
It to 5 parts by volume, then adds in 1 parts by volume trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution and shakes up, 0.1 parts by volume supernatant is taken after centrifugation, add in 0.9
In the nano-Au solution that parts by volume step 1 is prepared, 1min is reacted at room temperature and obtains mixed liquor, if the color of mixed liquor
It keeps claret constant, does not then contain melamine in liquid milk sample to be measured, detection terminates, if the color of mixed liquor is by wine
Red becomes blue, then proves to contain melamine in liquid milk sample to be measured, and it is 680 nm to wavelength to continue to detect mixed liquor
Ultraviolet light absorbance and to the absorbance of ultraviolet light that wavelength is 518 nm, obtain dulling luminosity ratio Value Data, then from step
It is found out and the corresponding melamine concentration value of the absorbance ratio, liquid milk as to be measured in the standard curve that two draftings obtain
Melamine concentration in sample.
2. the detection method of melamine in fluid milk according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the liquid to be measured
When the concentration of melamine is less than 40.0 μm of ol/L in milk sample, then standard curve need not be drawn, it only need to be after mixed liquor be obtained
It detects the absorbance for the ultraviolet light that the mixed liquor is 680 nm to wavelength and is the absorbance of the ultraviolet light of 518 nm to wavelength,
It obtains dulling luminosity ratio Value Data, the melamine concentration value in liquid milk sample to be measured is then directly calculated according to the following formula:x
=0.056+0.96/[1+10^(2.4-0.13y)], in above formula, x is the concentration of melamine, and y is that mixed liquor is 680 to wavelength
The absorbance of the ultraviolet light of nm and to wavelength be 518 nm ultraviolet light absorbance ratio.
3. the detection method of melamine in fluid milk according to claim 1, which is characterized in that add in 2mL mass point
Speed of agitator when number is 1% trisodium citrate aqueous solution is 200 r/min -300 r/min.
4. the detection method of melamine in fluid milk according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the trifluoroacetic acid water
The mass fraction of solute is 10% in solution.
5. the detection method of melamine in fluid milk according to claim 1, which is characterized in that turn during the centrifugation
Speed is 10000 r/min-14000 r/min.
6. the detection method of melamine in fluid milk according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the time of the centrifugation
8min-12 min。
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Cited By (2)
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CN108918855A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-30 | 济南大学 | A kind of preparation method and application based on signal " on-off " type Electrochemiluminescsensor sensor that AgNCs is illuminator |
CN108956593A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 海南大学 | A method of without aptamer nanogold hydrosol Visual retrieval melamine |
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CN101718708A (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-06-02 | 福州大学 | Method for quickly detecting melamine in milk sample based on nanogold |
CN101650314B (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-07-20 | 中国人民解放军第三军医大学 | Chroma detection method of tripolycyanamide contained in raw milk and milk product and kit |
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CN101206223A (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2008-06-25 | 中国农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所 | Direct racing method ELISA reagent box for detecting melamine |
CN101518825A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2009-09-02 | 华中师范大学 | Preparation method of silver nano-particles and application of silver nano-particles to detection of melamin |
CN101650314B (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-07-20 | 中国人民解放军第三军医大学 | Chroma detection method of tripolycyanamide contained in raw milk and milk product and kit |
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Cited By (4)
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CN108956593A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 海南大学 | A method of without aptamer nanogold hydrosol Visual retrieval melamine |
CN108956593B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-01-22 | 海南大学 | Method for visually detecting melamine by using aptamer-free nanogold hydrosol |
CN108918855A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-30 | 济南大学 | A kind of preparation method and application based on signal " on-off " type Electrochemiluminescsensor sensor that AgNCs is illuminator |
CN108918855B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2021-11-09 | 济南大学 | Preparation method and application of signal 'on-off' type electrochemiluminescence sensor based on AgNCs as luminophor |
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