CN108139187A - 多层板 - Google Patents

多层板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108139187A
CN108139187A CN201680057109.6A CN201680057109A CN108139187A CN 108139187 A CN108139187 A CN 108139187A CN 201680057109 A CN201680057109 A CN 201680057109A CN 108139187 A CN108139187 A CN 108139187A
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Prior art keywords
layer
cork
layer board
board according
buffer layer
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斯瓦沃米尔·盖岑斯基
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0421—Ceramic layers in combination with metal layers
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

包含由金属或陶瓷或玻璃或塑料制成、或由芳族聚酰胺、芳族聚酰胺‑玻璃、玻璃或超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)织物制成、或由其组合制成的增强层和减震层的多层板，其中所述减震层由软木制成，同时这些层永久互相固定。该多层板具有优选由软木附聚物或膨胀软木或软木和其它弹性物质的复合物或软木和橡胶的复合物或软木和聚氨酯的复合物或软木和橡胶和聚氨酯的复合物制成的减震层。该板可包含在内部含有附加空间减震层(优选波纹或梯形、三角形、立方体或蜂窝形状)的减震层。该增强层优选由铝或硬铝或钛或装甲钢制成。这些层通过胶合或热塑性粘合或层压或压制或通过使用RTM灌注或LRTM灌注法或CCBM法永久互相固定。

Description

多层板
本发明的主题是为防穿透，特别是防来自枪支的子弹穿透设计的多层板。
存在充当用于防止来自枪支、具有各种口径和类型的子弹穿透的装甲板的许多多层板。
从专利说明书no.PL172656中获知包含装甲板、与其毗邻的由多层织物制成的捕集层(catcher layer)、粘合到其上的由弹性体制成的减震层、随后粘合到其上的由多层织物制成的固定层(securing layer)的多层装甲，所有这些永久互相固定。上述技术方案涉及防护服并由于其高的净单位重量及其防穿刺水平而具有有限应用范围，并且为防手枪子弹设计。
从专利说明书no.PL404286中获知包含两个铝合金层、装甲钢层、第二轧制装甲钢层、轻型塑料层和薄铝合金片层的被动模块化分层装甲(passive modular layeredarmor)。这一技术方案的第二变体不含轻型塑料层。上述技术方案致力于防御最多14.5mm口径的子弹和用于固定结构和车辆，但由于其净单位重量高，其应用范围有限。
从专利说明书no.PL406578中获知包含由空间元件(spatial elements)制成的陶瓷层、正面叠层(在其后方安置含有粘度随剪切速率提高而提高的液体的sacs层)和芳族聚酰胺和/或聚乙烯层的背面叠层的软质装甲。上述技术方案致力于防御最多14.5mm口径的子弹，同时其另外防御弹片穿刺和爆炸。其也适合用作防弹背心的嵌件，但由于其复杂制造工艺和有限防护能力以及其高的净单位重量，其应用范围有限。
根据本发明的多层板包含由金属或陶瓷或玻璃或塑料制成、或由芳族聚酰胺、芳族聚酰胺-玻璃、玻璃或超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)织物制成、或由其组合制成的增强层和减震层，其中所述减震层由软木制成，同时这些层永久互相固定。该技术方案的一个优选变体在于，所述减震层由软木附聚物或膨胀软木或软木和其它弹性物质的复合物(compound)制成。该技术方案的一个特别优选的变体在于，所述减震层由软木和橡胶的复合物、软木与聚氨酯的复合物或软木和橡胶和聚氨酯的复合物制成。根据本发明的多层板可包含在内部含有附加空间减震层(优选波纹或梯形、三角形、立方体或蜂窝形状)的减震层。所述增强层优选视需要由铝或硬铝或钛或装甲钢制成。在根据本发明的板中，这些层优选通过胶合或热塑性粘合或层压或压制固定在一起或优选使用RTM(树脂传递模塑)灌注或LRTM(轻型树脂传递模塑)灌注法或CCBM(封闭腔袋成型(Closed Cavity Bag Molding))法固定在一起。
根据本发明的多层板的特征在于在保持高抗穿刺性的同时极低的净单位重量。此外它适于根据需要成型，可以独自用作适当的防护或可支承其它类型的装甲。该板可用于制造汽车、建筑物和运输工业中的结构元件和隔离元件。
本发明的主题显示在其实施方案和附图中，其中图1显示施加了许多层的板的横截面，图2显示该板的钛-软木形式的横截面，图3显示具有附加空间减震层的板的横截面，且图4显示施加了芳族聚酰胺层的弯曲形状的板的钛-软木形式的横截面。
在根据本发明的多层板的第一实施方案中，以从外侧向内的顺序，存在由玻璃制成的增强层1，在其上粘合由芳族聚酰胺织物制成的另一增强层2，在其上粘合由软木制成的减震层3，随后在其上粘合由钛制成的另一增强层4，随后在其上粘合另一软木层3、另一钛层4，然后最后一个软木层3和最后一个钛层4。该板以高抗穿刺性为特征。所有这些层使用胶水永久互相固定。
在根据本发明的多层板的第二实施方案中，以从外侧向内的顺序，存在由钛制成的增强层4，在其上胶粘由软木制成的减震层3。这种层组合随后重复三次，其中最后一层仍是由钛制成的层4。该板以极低净单位重量为特征并同时保持对最多7.62mm口径(包括7.62mm)的高抗穿刺性。所有这些层使用胶水永久互相固定。
在根据本发明的多层板的第三实施方案中，以从外侧向内的顺序，存在由玻璃制成的增强层1，在其上粘合由芳族聚酰胺织物制成的增强层2，在其上粘合由钛制成的另一增强层4。在该层上粘合由聚氨酯制成的空间减震层6，其自由空间在一侧上被由软木制成的减震层3填充，在另一侧上被由软木和橡胶的复合物制成的减震层5填充。随后，将钛层4-软木层3层的组合重复两次，其中最后一层仍是由钛制成的层4。所有这些层使用胶水永久互相固定。
在根据本发明的多层板的第四实施方案中，以从外侧向内的顺序，存在圆形形式以保护凸起元件的增强层。该增强材料的外层包含钛层4和芳族聚酰胺层2，然后将软木层3-钛层4层的组合重复三次。所有这些层通过浸注永久互相固定。也可以使用层压法。
根据上述实施方案制成的板具有明显低于由钢制成的板的单位重量。可以以可用铝或硬铝替代钛的方式构建该板，优选添加芳族聚酰胺织物。

Claims (19)

1.包含由金属或陶瓷或玻璃或塑料制成、或由芳族聚酰胺、芳族聚酰胺-玻璃、玻璃或超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)织物制成、或由其组合制成的增强层和减震层的多层板，其中所述减震层由软木制成，同时这些层永久互相固定。
2.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述减震层优选由软木附聚物制成。
3.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述减震层优选由膨胀软木制成。
4.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述减震层由软木和其它弹性物质的复合物制成。
5.根据权利要求1和4的多层板，其特征在于所述减震层优选由软木和橡胶的复合物制成。
6.根据权利要求1和4的多层板，其特征在于所述减震层优选由软木和聚氨酯的复合物制成。
7.根据权利要求1和4的多层板，其特征在于所述减震层优选由软木和橡胶和聚氨酯的复合物制成。
8.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述减震层在内部含有附加空间减震层，优选波纹或梯形、三角形、立方体或蜂窝形状。
9.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述增强层优选由铝制成。
10.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述增强层优选由硬铝制成。
11.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述增强层优选由钛制成。
12.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述增强层优选由装甲板制成。
13.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述层优选通过胶合互相固定。
14.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述层优选通过热塑性粘合互相固定。
15.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述层优选通过层压互相固定。
16.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述层优选通过压制互相固定。
17.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述层优选使用RTM灌注法互相固定。
18.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述层优选使用LRTM灌注法互相固定。
19.根据权利要求1的多层板，其特征在于所述层优选使用CCBM法互相固定。
CN201680057109.6A 2015-07-30 2016-07-29 多层板 Pending CN108139187A (zh)

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