CN108138636B - Waste heat recovery device - Google Patents

Waste heat recovery device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108138636B
CN108138636B CN201680060898.9A CN201680060898A CN108138636B CN 108138636 B CN108138636 B CN 108138636B CN 201680060898 A CN201680060898 A CN 201680060898A CN 108138636 B CN108138636 B CN 108138636B
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China
Prior art keywords
honeycomb body
exhaust gas
exhaust
waste heat
heat exchange
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CN201680060898.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108138636A (en
Inventor
川口龙生
佐久间健
吉原诚
水野洋
木村大辅
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/0205—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/003—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/04—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/08—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for preventing heat loss or temperature drop, using other means than layers of heat-insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

The invention provides a waste heat recovery device which can realize miniaturization of the device, reduce pressure loss and obtain excellent waste heat recovery efficiency. A waste heat recovery device (100) is provided with: a heat exchange unit (10) having a honeycomb body (11) and a housing (21), an exhaust gas branching unit (30), and an exhaust gas distribution unit (40); the honeycomb body (11) is partitioned by partition walls (13) having ceramic as a main component to form a plurality of cells (12); the exhaust branch part (30) comprises: a branch path (31) that branches the path of the exhaust gas (50) that flows into the honeycomb body (11) into a central portion (14) and an outer peripheral portion (15) in a cross section of the honeycomb body (11) that is orthogonal to the axial direction; the exhaust gas distribution unit (40) has an exhaust gas distribution mechanism (41), and the amount of heat recovery is adjusted by changing the flow resistance of the central portion (14) of the honeycomb body (11) and changing the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the outer peripheral portion (15) of the honeycomb body (11) by means of the exhaust gas distribution mechanism (41).

Description

Waste heat recovery device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a waste heat recoverer. More specifically, the present invention relates to a waste heat recovery device that can achieve a reduction in the size of the device, can reduce pressure loss, and can achieve excellent waste heat recovery efficiency.
Background
Conventionally, various proposals have been made: an exhaust heat recovery device provided in an exhaust system of an automobile or the like having an internal combustion engine and capable of recovering exhaust heat (see, for example, patent documents 1 to 6). As such a waste heat recoverer, it is constituted by: for example, the flow path of the exhaust gas is switched between a heat exchanger on the exhaust system and a bypass path bypassing the heat exchanger by opening and closing a valve body of the exhaust system in accordance with the operating state of the internal combustion engine and the temperature of the medium (cooling water).
For example, patent document 1 discloses an exhaust gas heat recovery device configured to: a temperature-operated actuator is provided for opening the valve body when the temperature of the medium is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, and for opening the valve body when at least one of the flow rate of the exhaust gas and the temperature of the medium is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. According to the exhaust heat recovery device configured as described above, when the flow rate of the exhaust gas increases to a predetermined value or more, the valve body is opened, the bypass passage is opened, and the exhaust gas bypasses the heat exchanger in the exhaust system and flows through the bypass passage. Therefore, in the exhaust gas heat recovery device disclosed in patent document 1, the flow resistance of the exhaust gas in the exhaust system can be reduced.
Further, the exhaust gas heat recovery device disclosed in patent document 2 is configured such that: the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust pipe passes through the gap between the outer periphery of the exhaust pipe and the stacked body again, passes through the gap between the jacket members, and flows downstream from the gap between the inner periphery of the cylindrical shell and the stacked body. The exhaust gas heat recovery device disclosed in patent document 3 includes: the exhaust pipe includes an exhaust pipe, a heat exchange unit, an exhaust port, an opening/closing mechanism for opening/closing an outlet of the exhaust pipe, and a case member for guiding exhaust gas discharged from the outlet and the exhaust port to a downstream side. The exhaust gas heat recovery device disclosed in patent document 4 includes, in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine or the like: a heat exchanger for performing heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the medium, and a bypass path for bypassing the heat exchanger with the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas heat recovery device disclosed in patent document 5 includes: the exhaust gas heat recovery device includes an exhaust gas heat recovery device body, a thermal actuator, and a recovery efficiency switching valve that opens and closes to a recovery side or a non-recovery side in conjunction with an operation of an output portion of the thermal actuator.
The honeycomb structure used in the heat exchanger disclosed in patent document 6 serves as a first fluid flowing portion through which a heating body flows. The honeycomb structure has a plurality of cells partitioned by ceramic partition walls, and the cells penetrate from one end surface to the other end surface in the axial direction, and are supplied with a heating body as a first fluid.
In addition, conventionally, there have been proposed: the waste heat recovery device that recovers the heat of the Exhaust Gas includes an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) cooler (see, for example, patent documents 7 and 8).
Prior art documents
Patent document
Patent document 1: international publication No. 2006/090725
Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2013-130159
Patent document 3: international publication No. 2014/025036
Patent document 4: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2015-031250
Patent document 5: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2010-019216
Patent document 6: international publication No. 2011/071161
Patent document 7: japanese patent laid-open No. 2008-163773
Patent document 8: japanese patent laid-open No. 2008-232031
Disclosure of Invention
However, the exhaust gas heat recovery device described in patent document 1 performs heat recovery by a heat exchange tube or the like having a spiral groove formed therein, and therefore, in order to obtain sufficient heat recovery efficiency, the length of the device in the flow path direction needs to be increased. Thus, the exhaust gas heat recovery device described in patent document 1 has a problem that the device becomes large. The exhaust gas heat recovery device described in patent document 4 also has a problem that the device becomes large in size, as in the exhaust gas heat recovery device described in patent document 1. In the exhaust gas heat recovery devices configured as described in patent documents 1 and 4, if the length of the device in the flow path direction is shortened, the heat recovery efficiency is lowered.
On the other hand, although the exhaust gas heat recovery device described in patent document 2 and the exhaust gas heat recovery device described in patent document 5 can be reduced in size, they have a problem that the pressure loss in the exhaust system is large.
In view of various problems of downsizing of such a conventional device, suppression of an increase in pressure loss, and improvement of waste heat recovery efficiency, there has been no proposal: a waste heat recoverer capable of sufficiently satisfying these requirements. Therefore, it is desired to develop: a waste heat recovery device which can realize the miniaturization of the device, reduce the pressure loss and obtain the excellent recovery efficiency of waste heat.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and according to the present invention, there is provided a waste heat recovery device capable of achieving a reduction in size of the device, a reduction in pressure loss, and an excellent recovery efficiency of waste heat.
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides the following waste heat recoverer.
[1] The waste heat recovery device of the present invention comprises: a heat exchange part, an exhaust branch part and an exhaust distribution part,
the heat exchange unit includes: a columnar honeycomb body having a first end face and a second end face, and a housing accommodating the honeycomb body,
the honeycomb body has partition walls mainly composed of ceramic, and a plurality of cells are partitioned by the partition walls, and the cells extend from the first end face to the second end face to form channels for exhaust gas,
the housing includes: a cylindrical member disposed so as to be fitted to an outer peripheral surface of the honeycomb body, and a case main body disposed outside the cylindrical member, forming a path for a heat exchange medium for collecting waste heat obtained by heat exchange with the exhaust gas, and having a heat exchange medium inlet for introducing the heat exchange medium and a heat exchange medium outlet for discharging the heat exchange medium,
the exhaust branch portion has a branch path that branches a path of the exhaust gas flowing into the honeycomb body to a central portion and an outer peripheral portion in a cross section of the honeycomb body orthogonal to an axial direction,
the exhaust gas distribution portion has an exhaust gas distribution mechanism, and the exhaust gas distribution mechanism changes a flow resistance of a path of the exhaust gas in the central portion of the honeycomb body and changes an amount of exhaust gas flowing through the path of the exhaust gas in the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body to adjust a heat recovery amount.
[2] The waste heat recovery device according to [1], wherein the honeycomb body has an annular shape in which the central portion is hollow.
[3] The waste heat recovery device according to [2], wherein the annular honeycomb body has an inner wall structure which is continuous in a cylindrical shape inside the cavity.
[4] In the waste heat recovery device according to any one of [1] to [3], at least one of the exhaust branch part and the exhaust distribution part has a cylindrical exhaust guide member, and is disposed in a state where an end of the exhaust guide member is in contact with an end face of the honeycomb body or in a state where the end is separated from the end face of the honeycomb body.
[5] The waste heat recovery device according to [4], wherein a distance between the exhaust guide member and an end surface of the honeycomb body is 0.05 to 10 mm.
[6] In the waste heat recovery device according to [2] or [3], at least one of the exhaust gas branching portion and the exhaust gas distributing portion includes: a cylindrical exhaust guide member, the exhaust guide member being disposed to: the cavity penetrating the torus shaped honeycomb body.
[7] In the waste heat recovery device according to any one of [4] to [6], a ratio of a diameter D1 of the honeycomb body to a diameter D2 of the exhaust guide member, i.e., a value of D1/D2 is 1.1 or more and 7 or less.
[8] The waste heat recovery device according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the heat exchange portion, the exhaust gas branching portion, and the exhaust gas distributing portion are configured to be separable from each other.
[9] In the waste heat recovery device according to any one of [1] to [8], the exhaust gas after passing through the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body and the exhaust gas after passing through the central portion of the honeycomb body are discharged from discharge ports of different paths on the downstream side of the honeycomb body, among the exhaust gas after the path through which the exhaust gas flows is determined by the exhaust gas distribution mechanism.
[10] In the waste heat recovery device according to any one of [1] to [9], the exhaust gas having passed through the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body and the exhaust gas having passed through the central portion of the honeycomb body are merged at a downstream side of the honeycomb body among the exhaust gas having a path defined by the exhaust distribution mechanism, and are discharged from a discharge port of the same flow path.
[11] In the waste heat recovery device according to any one of [1] to [10], a path of the exhaust gas at the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body is partially divided into 2 or more in an axial direction of the honeycomb body, and the exhaust gas introduced into the outer peripheral portion is turned back and flows in the axial direction of the honeycomb body.
[12] The waste heat recovery device according to any one of [1] to [11], further comprising an external member that is provided around the housing and includes a device that generates heat; heat generation at the external component and heat transferred from the exhaust gas to the external component are further recovered by the heat exchange medium.
Effects of the invention
The invention provides a waste heat recovery device which can realize miniaturization of the device, reduce pressure loss and obtain excellent waste heat recovery efficiency. That is, according to the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, the heat exchange portion has the honeycomb body, and the exhaust branch portion connected to the heat exchange portion has: and a branch path which branches the path of the exhaust gas flowing into the honeycomb body to a central portion and an outer peripheral portion. This makes it possible to reduce the size of the device and to obtain excellent waste heat recovery efficiency. In the waste heat recovery device according to the present invention, the exhaust gas distribution portion includes the exhaust gas distribution mechanism, and the exhaust gas distribution mechanism changes the flow resistance in the central portion of the honeycomb body and changes the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body to adjust the heat recovery amount. This makes it possible to reduce the size of the waste heat recovery device and suppress an increase in pressure loss, in combination with the operational effect of the honeycomb body used in the heat exchange unit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a waste heat recoverer according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view schematically showing a first embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 3 is a plan view schematically showing a first embodiment of the waste heat recovery device according to the present invention, and is a plan view of the waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 2 as viewed in the direction of arrow a.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a honeycomb body used in the first embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view schematically showing a waste heat recoverer according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to an airflow direction of an exhaust system.
Fig. 6 is a plan view schematically showing a waste heat recovery device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and is a plan view of the waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 5 as viewed in the direction of arrow B.
Fig. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing a waste heat recoverer according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a side view, partly in section, schematically showing a waste heat recoverer according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view schematically showing a waste heat recoverer according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to an airflow direction of an exhaust system.
Fig. 10 is a plan view schematically showing a waste heat recovery device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and is a plan view of the waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 9 as viewed in the direction of arrow C.
Fig. 11 is a sectional view showing a state in which the heat exchange unit, the exhaust branch unit, and the exhaust distribution unit of the waste heat recovery unit shown in fig. 9 are separated from each other.
Fig. 12 is a perspective view schematically showing a honeycomb body used in a third embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a sectional view schematically showing a fourth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 14 is a sectional view schematically showing a fifth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 15 is a sectional view schematically showing a sixth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 16 is a sectional view schematically showing a seventh embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 17 is a plan view schematically showing a seventh embodiment of the waste heat recovery device according to the present invention, and is a plan view of the waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 16 as viewed in the direction of arrow D.
Fig. 18 is a sectional view schematically showing an eighth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 19 is a plan view schematically showing an eighth embodiment of the waste heat recovery device according to the present invention, and is a plan view of the waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 18 as viewed in the direction of arrow E.
Fig. 20 is a sectional view schematically showing still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 21 is a sectional view schematically showing still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 22 is a sectional view schematically showing still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 23 is a sectional view schematically showing still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 24 is a sectional view schematically showing still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 25 is a sectional view schematically showing still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 26 is a sectional view schematically showing still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 27 is a perspective view schematically showing a honeycomb body used in still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention.
Fig. 28 is a sectional view schematically showing the waste heat recoverer of comparative example 1, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 29 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the waste heat recoverer of embodiment 3.
Fig. 30 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the waste heat recoverer of comparative example 2.
Fig. 31 is a sectional view schematically showing another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Fig. 32 is a sectional view schematically showing still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and should be understood as follows: the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention, wherein modifications, improvements, and the like are appropriately made to the following embodiments based on the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
(1) Waste heat recoverer:
the waste heat recovery device of the present invention comprises: a heat exchange portion, an exhaust gas branching portion, and an exhaust gas distributing portion. The heat exchange unit includes: the honeycomb structure includes a columnar honeycomb body having a first end face and a second end face, and a housing that houses the honeycomb body. A waste heat recoverer of the present invention is provided in an exhaust passage (hereinafter referred to as an "exhaust system") of an internal combustion engine, and recovers waste heat of exhaust gas passing through the exhaust passage. In the waste heat recoverer, a heat exchange medium that recovers waste heat obtained by heat exchange with exhaust gas is used. For example, when the waste heat recovery device is mounted on an automobile and used, water, an antifreeze (LLC defined by JIS K2234), or the like can be used as the heat exchange medium.
The honeycomb body has partition walls mainly composed of ceramic, and a plurality of cells are partitioned by the partition walls, and the plurality of cells extend from the first end face to the second end face to form a flow path for the exhaust gas. A case (casting) is provided with: a cylindrical member disposed so as to be fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the honeycomb body, and a housing main body disposed outside the cylindrical member. Between the housing main body and the cylindrical member, a path of the heat exchange medium is formed. The housing main body has: a heat exchange medium inlet for introducing a heat exchange medium, and a heat exchange medium outlet for discharging the heat exchange medium.
The exhaust branch portion is connected to, for example, the first end face side of the honeycomb body of the heat exchange portion. The exhaust branch portion has a branch passage. The branch passage branches a path of the exhaust gas flowing into the honeycomb body to a central portion and an outer peripheral portion of a cross section of the honeycomb body perpendicular to the axial direction. That is, in the waste heat recovery device of the present invention, the path of the exhaust gas flowing into the honeycomb body is branched by the branch path into: the "first path" in which the exhaust gas is introduced into the central portion of the honeycomb body, and the "second path" in which the exhaust gas is introduced into the peripheral portion of the honeycomb body.
The exhaust gas distribution portion is connected to, for example, the second end face side of the honeycomb body of the heat exchange portion. The exhaust gas distribution portion has an exhaust gas distribution mechanism. The exhaust distribution mechanism changes the flow resistance of the path of the exhaust gas in the center portion of the honeycomb body, changes the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the path of the exhaust gas in the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body, and adjusts the amount of heat recovery. That is, in the case where the ventilation resistance of the central portion of the honeycomb body is increased by the exhaust gas distribution mechanism, the exhaust gas flows more preferentially through the "second path". On the other hand, when the air flow resistance in the center portion of the honeycomb body is reduced, the exhaust gas also flows through the above-described "first path". At this time, in the case where the air flow resistance of the "first path" is lower than the air flow resistance of the "second path", the exhaust gas flows through the "first path" more preferentially. Hereinafter, the "air flow resistance of the path of the exhaust gas at the central portion of the honeycomb body" may be simply referred to as "air flow resistance at the central portion of the honeycomb body".
The waste heat recovery device of the invention can realize miniaturization of the device, reduce pressure loss and obtain excellent recovery efficiency of waste heat. That is, according to the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, the heat exchange portion has the honeycomb body, and the exhaust branch portion connected to the heat exchange portion has: and a branch path which branches the path of the exhaust gas flowing into the honeycomb body to a central portion and an outer peripheral portion. This makes it possible to reduce the size of the waste heat recovery device and to achieve excellent waste heat recovery efficiency. That is, by using a honeycomb body in which a plurality of cells are partitioned by partition walls, the contact area between the exhaust gas and the honeycomb body can be increased, and the heat transfer amount per unit volume can be significantly increased as compared with the conventional waste heat recovery device. Further, the heat received by the honeycomb body is transmitted to the heat exchange medium via the cylindrical member disposed so as to be fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the honeycomb body, and excellent recovery efficiency of the waste heat can be achieved. As described above, since the heat transfer amount per unit volume can be increased, the length of the honeycomb body (the length in the flow direction of the exhaust gas) can be reduced, and the waste heat recovery device can also be downsized. In the waste heat recovery device according to the present invention, the exhaust gas distribution portion includes the exhaust gas distribution mechanism, and the exhaust gas distribution mechanism changes the flow resistance of the central portion of the honeycomb body and changes the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body to adjust the heat recovery amount. Therefore, the waste heat recovery device can be downsized and the increase in pressure loss can be suppressed in combination with the operational effect of the honeycomb body used for the heat exchange portion.
Further, the waste heat recovery device of the present invention can spatially separate the exhaust gas from the heat exchange medium such as water, unlike the conventional SUS waste heat recovery device, and thus can realize a simple configuration.
(1-1) first embodiment of waste heat recoverer:
the first embodiment of the waste heat recoverer is a waste heat recoverer 100 as shown in fig. 1 to 3. Fig. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a waste heat recoverer according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view schematically showing a first embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system. Fig. 3 is a plan view schematically showing a first embodiment of the waste heat recovery device according to the present invention, and is a plan view of the waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 2 as viewed in the direction of arrow a. Fig. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a honeycomb body used in the first embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention.
The waste heat recovery device 100 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust gas branching portion 30, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40. The heat exchange unit 10 includes: a columnar honeycomb body 11 having a first end face 18 and a second end face 19, and a housing 21 for housing the honeycomb body 11. The honeycomb body 11 has partition walls 13 mainly composed of ceramic, and a plurality of cells 12 are partitioned by the partition walls 13, and the plurality of cells 12 form flow paths of the exhaust gas 50 extending from the first end face 18 to the second end face 19. With this configuration, the heat of the exhaust gas 50 flowing through the cells 12 of the honeycomb body 11 can be efficiently collected and transmitted to the outside (specifically, the heat exchange medium 51).
The shape of the honeycomb body 11 is not particularly limited. The cross-sectional shape in a cross section of the honeycomb body 11 orthogonal to the extending direction of the cells 12 may also be a circle, an ellipse, a quadrangle, or another polygon. The cross-sectional shape of the honeycomb body 11 shown in fig. 4 in a cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the cells 12 is circular.
As described above, the partition walls 13 of the honeycomb body 11 are mainly composed of ceramic. The term "ceramic-based" means: "the mass ratio of the mass of the ceramic to the total mass of the partition walls 13 is 50 mass% or more".
As shown in fig. 4, the honeycomb body 11 may be in the shape of a circular ring having a hollow central portion 14. The inner side of the cavity of the annular honeycomb body 11 may have an inner wall structure 17 which is continuous in a cylindrical shape. In the waste heat recoverer 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3, the use of the circular ring-shaped honeycomb body 11 as shown in fig. 4 can further reduce the air flow resistance in the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11. In particular, the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11 hardly contributes to heat exchange with the exhaust gas, but functions as a bypass path for the exhaust gas when the exhaust gas heat recovery is to be suppressed. Thus, by using the honeycomb body 11 having a circular ring shape in which the central portion 14 is a hollow, the pressure loss of the waste heat recovery device 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3 can be reduced. The outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 has a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of cells 12 are partitioned by partition walls 13.
The inner wall structure 17 of the hollow provided in the central portion 14 may be: for example, a metal pipe is disposed to be received in the hollow of the center portion 14. The inner wall structure 17 of the hollow provided in the central portion 14 may be: a structure made of a ceramic having the same or different composition as the partition walls 13.
As described above, when the metal pipe is disposed in the hollow portion of the honeycomb body, it is preferable that the exhaust gas does not pass through the gap between the metal pipe and the inner wall of the honeycomb body during heat recovery (i.e., closing the bypass passage). For example, as a method of preventing the exhaust gas from passing through the gap, the following method can be exemplified. As the 1 st method, there can be exemplified: and a method of filling the gap with a sealing member to prevent exhaust gas from passing through the gap. As the 2 nd method, there can be exemplified: at an end portion on a first end face side (e.g., inlet side) or a second end face side (e.g., outlet side) of the honeycomb body, a gap blocking structure for blocking the gap portion is provided, thereby preventing exhaust gas from passing through the gap. In addition, in the method 2, it is more preferable to provide a gap plugging structure at an end portion of the inner wall of the honeycomb body, from the viewpoint of facilitating the detachment of the housing. For example, in fig. 2, there is illustrated: an annular member (annular member 71) is disposed so as to contact the first end surface 18 side (inlet side) end surface of the honeycomb body 11. By disposing the annular member 71 on the first end surface 18 side of the honeycomb body 11, a gap between the metal pipe and the inner wall of the honeycomb body 11 can be closed.
Here, another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 31. Fig. 31 is a sectional view schematically showing another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system. In the waste heat recovery device of the present embodiment, the metal tube constituting the inner wall structure 17 is formed in a convex shape on the first end surface 18 side of the honeycomb body 11. Further, the structure is: by bringing the convex step portion of the pipe into close contact with or close to the first end surface 18 of the honeycomb body 11, the hollow portion between the honeycomb body 11 and the pipe (specifically, the pipe constituting the inner wall structure 17) can be closed. In fig. 31, the metal pipe constituting the inner wall structure 17 is formed in a convex shape, but for example, it may be configured such that: the metal pipe is formed into a tapered shape such that the tapered portion thereof is in close contact with or close to the first end face of the honeycomb body, thereby blocking the hollow portion between the honeycomb body and the pipe. Further, the following may be configured: the convex step portion or the tapered portion of the pipe is brought into close contact with or close to the second end surface (outlet side) of the honeycomb body, whereby the hollow portion between the honeycomb body and the pipe is closed.
Still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer according to the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 32. Fig. 32 is a sectional view schematically showing still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system. In the waste heat recovery device of the present embodiment, the metal pipe 32 constituting the exhaust branch portion is formed in an expanded shape on the first end surface 18 side of the honeycomb body 11. Further, the structure is: by bringing the expanded portion of the pipe 32 into close contact with or close to the first end surface 18 of the honeycomb body 11, the hollow portion between the honeycomb body 11 and the pipe (specifically, the pipe constituting the inner wall structure 17) can be closed. In the waste heat recovery device of the present embodiment, the pipe 42 constituting the exhaust gas distribution portion is also formed in an expanded shape on the second end face 19 side of the honeycomb body 11. Further, the structure is: even if the expanded portion of the pipe 42 is brought into close contact with or close to the second end face 19 of the honeycomb body 11, the hollow portion between the honeycomb body 11 and the pipe can be closed. Further, the pipe 32 constituting the exhaust branch portion and the pipe 42 constituting the exhaust branch portion may be configured such that: at least one of the pipes is formed in an expanded shape so as to close the hollow portion.
The porosity of the partition wall 13 is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and particularly preferably 3% or less. The thermal conductivity can be improved by setting the porosity of the partition wall 13 to 10% or less. The porosity of the partition wall 13 is a value measured by the archimedes method.
The partition wall 13 is preferably: SiC (silicon carbide) having high heat conductivity is contained as a main component. In addition, the main component means: 50% by mass or more of the honeycomb body 11 is SiC.
In addition, specifically, as the material of the honeycomb body 11, there can be adopted: SiC impregnated with Si, (Si + Al) impregnated with SiC, metal composite SiC, recrystallized SiC, Si3N4And SiC, and the like.
The cell shape in a cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the cells 12 of the honeycomb body 11 is not particularly limited. It is only necessary to select appropriately from among circles, ellipses, triangles, quadrangles, hexagons, and other polygons.
There is no particular limitation with respect to the cell density (i.e., the number of cells per unit area) with the honeycomb body 11. The density of the compartments is suitably designed, but is preferably 4 to 320 compartments/cm2The range of (1). By setting the cell density to 4 cells/cm2In the above, the strength of the partition walls, even the strength of the honeycomb body itself, and the effective GSA (geometric surface area) can be sufficiently increased. In addition, by setting the cell density to 320 cells/cm2The following can be prevented: the pressure loss when the exhaust gas 50 flows becomes large. When the honeycomb body 11 has a circular ring shape, the cell density is the cell density of the outer peripheral portion 15 except for the central portion 14.
The isostatic strength of the honeycomb 11 is preferably 1MPa or more, more preferably 5MPa or more. If the isostatic strength of the honeycomb body 11 is 1MPa or more, sufficient durability of the honeycomb body 11 can be achieved. The upper limit of the isostatic strength of the honeycomb 11 is about 100 MPa. The isostatic strength of the honeycomb body 11 can be measured by a method for measuring isostatic fracture strength specified in JASO specification M505-87, which is an automobile specification issued by japan society of automotive and engineers.
The diameter of the honeycomb body 11 in a cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the cells 12 is preferably 20mm to 200mm, and more preferably 30mm to 100 mm. Hereinafter, the diameter of the honeycomb body 11 in the cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the cells 12 may be simply referred to as "the diameter of the honeycomb body 11". By having such a diameter, the heat recovery efficiency can be improved. When the cross-sectional shape of the honeycomb body 11 is not a circle, the diameter of the maximum inscribed circle inscribed in the cross-sectional shape of the honeycomb body 11 is: the diameter of honeycomb 11.
The thickness of the partition walls 13 of the honeycomb body 11 is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately designed according to the purpose. The thickness of the partition wall is preferably 0.1mm to 1mm, more preferably 0.2mm to 0.6 mm. By setting the thickness of the partition wall to 0.1mm or more, the mechanical strength can be sufficiently enhanced, and damage due to impact or thermal stress can be prevented. Further, by setting the thickness of the partition walls to 1mm or less, the following problems can be prevented: the pressure loss of the exhaust gas 50 becomes large or the heat recovery efficiency is lowered.
The thermal conductivity of the honeycomb body 11 is preferably 50W/(mK) or more, more preferably 100 to 300W/(mK), and particularly preferably 120 to 300W/(mK). By setting the thermal conductivity of the honeycomb body 11 in such a range, the heat transfer property is improved, and the heat in the honeycomb body can be efficiently transferred to the heat exchange medium 51 via the cylindrical member 22 disposed so as to be fitted in the honeycomb body. The thermal conductivity value is a value measured by a laser flash method.
The catalyst may be supported by the partition walls 13 of the honeycomb body 11, and if the catalyst is supported by the partition walls 13, CO, NOx, HC, and the like in the exhaust gas can be made harmless by the catalytic reaction, and in addition, the reaction heat generated by the catalytic reaction can be used for heat exchange. As the catalyst, there is exemplified a catalyst containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of noble metals (platinum, rhodium, palladium, ruthenium, indium, silver and gold), aluminum, nickel, zirconium, titanium, cerium, cobalt, manganese, zinc, copper, tin, iron, niobium, magnesium, lanthanum, samarium, bismuth and barium, as preferable examples. The element may be contained as a metal monomer, a metal oxide, or a metal compound other than these.
The amount of the catalyst (metal catalyst + carrier) is preferably 10 to 400 g/L. The amount of the noble metal-containing catalyst to be supported is preferably 0.1 to 5 g/L. When the amount of the catalyst (metal catalyst + carrier) is 10g/L or more, the catalytic action is easily exhibited. On the other hand, if the pressure loss is set to 400g/L or less, the pressure loss can be suppressed, and the increase in the manufacturing cost can be suppressed. The carrier means a carrier on which the metal catalyst is supported. The carrier is preferably a carrier containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of alumina, ceria, and zirconia.
The housing 21 includes: a cylindrical member 22 disposed so as to be fitted to the outer peripheral surface 16 of the honeycomb body 11, and a housing main body 23 disposed outside the cylindrical member 22. As the cylindrical member 22, for example, an annular plate-like member can be used. The material of the tubular member 22 constituting the housing 21 is preferably metal, and examples thereof include: stainless steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, brass, and the like. In the present specification, "chimeric" means: the honeycomb body 11 and the tubular member 102 are fixed in a state of being fitted to each other. Therefore, fitting of the honeycomb body 11 and the cylindrical member 102 is not limited to a fixing method by fitting such as clearance fitting, interference fitting, and shrink fitting, and the honeycomb body 11 and the cylindrical member 102 may be fixed to each other by welding, diffusion bonding, or the like.
Examples of the material of the case main body 23 include metal and ceramic. As metals, it is possible to use: for example, stainless steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, brass, and the like. The housing main body 23 forms: and a path 25 of a heat exchange medium 51 for recovering waste heat generated by heat exchange with the exhaust gas 50. Further, the housing main body 23 has: a heat exchange medium inlet 26 through which the heat exchange medium 51 is introduced, and a heat exchange medium outlet 27 through which the heat exchange medium 51 is discharged. Preferably, at least one pair of the heat exchange medium inlet port 26 and the heat exchange medium outlet port 27 is formed in the casing main body 23.
The exhaust branch portion 30 is connected to the first end surface 18 side of the honeycomb body 11 of the heat exchange portion 10. The exhaust branch portion 30 has: the path of the exhaust gas 50 flowing into the honeycomb body 11 is branched into a branch path 31 that branches off a central portion 14 and an outer peripheral portion 15 in a cross section of the honeycomb body 11 perpendicular to the axial direction. In addition, the "center portion 14" of honeycomb body 11 means: the center side region of the columnar honeycomb body 11 including the center axis of the honeycomb body 11. The "peripheral portion 15" of honeycomb body 11 means: the columnar honeycomb body 11 is located in a region on the outer peripheral side of the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11. In the exhaust heat recovery device 100 shown in fig. 2, a through hole 33 is formed in the pipe 32 constituting the exhaust branch portion 30, and the through hole 33 serves as the branch passage 31. If the exhaust gas 50 flowing through the path of the exhaust gas 50 (the pipe 32) flows into the honeycomb body 11 without passing through the through-holes 33, the exhaust gas 50 flows into the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11. On the other hand, if the exhaust gas 50 flowing through the path of the exhaust gas 50 (the pipe 32) passes through the through-hole 33, the exhaust gas 50 flows into the second flow path formed outside the pipe 32, and then the exhaust gas 50 flows into the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11. In the exhaust branch portion 30, the pipe 32 for flowing the exhaust gas 50 into the honeycomb body center portion 14 may be referred to as an "exhaust guide member 38".
The value of the ratio D1/D2 between the diameter D1 of the honeycomb body and the diameter D2 of the exhaust guide member 38 of the exhaust branch portion 30 is preferably 1.1 to 7, more preferably 1.15 to 2.3, and particularly preferably 1.15 to 1.75. If the value of D1/D2 is less than 1.1, the opening area of the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 becomes relatively small during heat recovery (for example, in a state where the opening/closing valve 43 is closed), and the pressure loss of the exhaust gas 50 when flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15 may increase. If the value of D1/D2 exceeds 7, the pressure loss when the exhaust gas 50 flows through the center portion 14 may increase during non-heat recovery (for example, in a state where the opening/closing valve 43 is open). In particular, if the opening area of the center portion 14 is relatively small, the pressure loss at the time of high load becomes large, which may cause a decrease in engine output. In addition, the "diameter D1 of the honeycomb body" means: the diameter of the honeycomb body in a cross section orthogonal to the direction of extension of the cells. The "diameter D2 of the exhaust guide member 38" means: the inner diameter of the pipe 32 corresponding to the exhaust guide member 38.
The branch path 31 of the exhaust branch portion 30 is not limited to the through hole 33 as shown in fig. 2. For example, the branch path 31 of the exhaust branch portion 30 may be configured to branch the flow of the exhaust gas 50 into at least 2 systems, and allow the exhaust gas 50 to flow into the central portion 14 and the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11, respectively. The exhaust gas 50 branched into 2 systems by the branch line 31 may be maintained in an airtight state, but may be allowed to move between the exhaust gas 50 branched into 2 systems as long as most of the flows of the exhaust gas can be maintained.
The exhaust gas distribution portion 40 is connected to the second end face 19 side of the honeycomb body 11 of the heat exchange portion 10. The exhaust gas distribution portion 40 has an exhaust gas distribution mechanism 41, and the exhaust gas distribution mechanism 41 adjusts the amount of exhaust gas heat recovered (the amount of heat recovered) by changing the flow resistance of the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11 and changing the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11. In the waste heat recovery unit 100 shown in fig. 2, an on-off valve 43 is provided in a portion of the pipe 42 constituting the exhaust gas distributing portion 40 corresponding to the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11, and the on-off valve 43 serves as the exhaust gas distributing mechanism 41. When the opening/closing valve 43 is closed, the ventilation resistance of the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11 increases, and the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 increases. On the other hand, if the opening/closing valve 43 is opened, the flow resistance of the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11 decreases, and the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 decreases. Therefore, in the exhaust heat recovery device 100 shown in fig. 2, the amount of heat recovery can be adjusted as needed by closing the on-off valve 43 when the exhaust heat recovery is to be promoted, and opening the on-off valve 43 when the exhaust heat recovery is to be suppressed. The opening/closing valve 43 shown in fig. 2 is configured to: the valve body 45 is moved by 90 ° from the perpendicular direction to the parallel direction with respect to the air flow with the valve rod 44 as the axis, thereby opening and closing the valve. The opening/closing mechanism of the opening/closing valve 43 is not limited to the opening/closing valve 43 shown in fig. 2. In the exhaust gas distribution portion 40, the pipe 42 for passing the exhaust gas 50 flowing out of the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body is sometimes referred to as an "exhaust guide member 48".
The value of the ratio D1/D2 'of the diameter D1 of the honeycomb body to the diameter D2' of the exhaust guide member 48 of the exhaust gas distributing portion 40 is preferably 1.1 to 7, more preferably 1.15 to 2.3, and particularly preferably 1.15 to 1.75. If the value of D1/D2' is less than 1.1, the opening area of the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 becomes relatively small during heat recovery (for example, in a state where the opening/closing valve 43 is closed), and the pressure loss of the exhaust gas 50 when flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15 may increase. If the value of D1/D2' exceeds 7, the pressure loss when the exhaust gas 50 flows through the center portion 14 may increase during non-heat recovery (for example, in a state where the opening/closing valve 43 is open). In particular, if the opening area of the center portion 14 is relatively small, the pressure loss at the time of high load becomes large, which may result in a decrease in engine output. The "diameter D2 of the exhaust guide member 48" means: the inner diameter of the pipe 42 corresponding to the exhaust guide member 48.
In the waste heat recoverer 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3, the heat exchange portion 10, the exhaust branch portion 30, and the exhaust distribution portion 40 may be configured to be separable from each other. With this configuration, for example, when a part of the components of the waste heat recovery unit 100 is damaged, the entire waste heat recovery unit 100 does not need to be replaced, and partial replacement can be performed for any one of the heat exchange unit 10, the exhaust branch unit 30, and the exhaust distribution unit 40. The waste heat recoverer 100 itself may be configured to: removable with respect to the exhaust system. With this configuration, the waste heat recovery device 100 can be easily repaired and maintained.
Of the exhaust gas whose flow path is determined by the exhaust distribution mechanism 41, the exhaust gas after passing through the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 and the exhaust gas after passing through the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11 can be merged at a position downstream of the second end face 19 of the honeycomb body 11. The exhaust gas merged at the downstream side of the second end face 19 of the honeycomb body 11 is discharged from the discharge port of the same flow path.
(method of manufacturing waste Heat recoverer)
Next, a method of manufacturing the waste heat recoverer will be described. The waste heat recovery device of the present invention can be manufactured, for example, as follows. First, a green body containing a ceramic powder is extruded into a desired shape to produce a honeycomb formed body. As the material of the honeycomb formed body, there can be used: examples of preferred materials for the honeycomb walls include ceramics. For example, in the case of manufacturing a honeycomb body mainly composed of a Si-impregnated SiC composite material, first, a predetermined amount of SiC powder, a binder, water, or an organic solvent is kneaded to form a billet, and the obtained billet is molded to produce a honeycomb molded body having a desired shape. The produced honeycomb formed body is dried, impregnated with metal Si in a reduced pressure inert gas or vacuum, and fired, whereby: a honeycomb body partitioned by partition walls to form a plurality of cells. Further, the honeycomb body may be formed into a circular ring shape by cutting out the center portion thereof. The drawing out of the central portion of the honeycomb body may be performed in a state of a honeycomb formed body, or may be performed in a state of a sintered body (honeycomb body) after sintering.
Next, the honeycomb body was inserted into a cylindrical member made of stainless steel, and the cylindrical member was arranged so as to be fitted into the honeycomb body by shrink fitting. In addition to the shrink fitting, fitting between the honeycomb body and the tubular member 102 may be performed by press fitting, welding, diffusion bonding, or the like.
Next, a housing main body made of stainless steel and forming a part of the housing is manufactured. Next, inside the fabricated case main body, there are disposed: a honeycomb structure includes a honeycomb body and a cylindrical member disposed so as to be fitted to the honeycomb body. The housing is manufactured by joining a housing main body and a cylindrical member. In this way, a heat exchange portion having a honeycomb body and a housing for housing the honeycomb body is produced.
Further, an exhaust branching portion and an exhaust distributing portion are produced. For example, first, the exhaust branch portion is prepared by: an outer pipe connectable to one end portion of the heat exchange portion (end portion on the first end surface side of the honeycomb body), and an inner pipe having a size corresponding to the central portion of the honeycomb body. The inner pipe is formed with: to become a through hole of the branch path. The double pipe structure thus configured may be used as the exhaust branch portion. For example, first, the exhaust gas distribution unit is prepared by: an outer pipe connectable to the other end portion of the heat exchange portion (the end portion on the second end face side of the honeycomb body), and an inner pipe having a size corresponding to the central portion of the honeycomb body. The on-off valve is disposed in the inner pipe. The double pipe structure thus configured may be used as the exhaust gas distribution portion.
The exhaust branch part, the heat exchange part, and the exhaust distribution part thus produced are connected in series along the flow direction of the exhaust gas, thereby producing a waste heat recovery device. The connection of the exhaust branch portion, the heat exchange portion, and the exhaust distribution portion may be performed by a separable method or may be performed by an inseparable method. The method of manufacturing the waste heat recovery device is not limited to the method described above, and modifications, improvements, and the like may be appropriately made according to the configuration of the waste heat recovery device of each embodiment.
(1-2) second embodiment of waste heat recoverer:
a second embodiment of the waste heat recoverer is a waste heat recoverer 200 shown in fig. 5 and 6. Fig. 5 is a sectional view schematically showing a waste heat recoverer according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to an airflow direction of an exhaust system. Fig. 6 is a plan view schematically showing a waste heat recovery device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and is a plan view of the waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 5 as viewed in the direction of arrow B. In the waste heat recoverer 200 shown in fig. 5 and 6, the same components as those of the waste heat recoverer 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3 are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
The waste heat recovery device 200 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust branch portion 30a, and an exhaust distribution portion 40 a. The heat exchanger 10 is configured in the same manner as the heat exchanger 10 of the waste heat recoverer 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3. The exhaust branch portion 30a is also configured substantially similarly to the exhaust branch portion 30 of the waste heat recovery device 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3. However, the "exhaust branch portion 30" shown in fig. 2 is configured to: the diameter of the pipe 32 gradually decreases in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and the "exhaust branch portion 30 a" shown in fig. 5 is configured such that the diameter of the pipe 32a is constant. The "exhaust branch portion 30 a" shown in fig. 5 may be configured as the "exhaust branch portion 30" shown in fig. 2.
In the waste heat recoverer 200 shown in fig. 5 and 6, the exhaust distribution mechanism 41a of the exhaust distribution portion 40a includes the on-off valve 43a configured as follows: the valve body 45a rotates around a valve rod 44a, which is disposed so as to cross the pipe 42 a. When the opening/closing valve 43a is opened, a part of the valve body 45a protrudes to the heat exchange portion 10, but the valve body 45a does not contact the honeycomb body 11 because the center portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11 is hollow. The waste heat recoverer 200 configured as described above can provide the same operational effects as those of the waste heat recoverer 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3, and the waste heat recoverer 200 can be further downsized.
(1-3) third embodiment of waste heat recoverer:
a third embodiment of the waste heat recoverer is a waste heat recoverer 300 shown in fig. 7 to 11. Fig. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing a waste heat recoverer according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a side view, partly in section, schematically showing a waste heat recoverer according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a sectional view schematically showing a waste heat recoverer according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to an airflow direction of an exhaust system. Fig. 10 is a plan view schematically showing a waste heat recovery device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and is a plan view of the waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 9 as viewed in the direction of arrow C. Fig. 11 is a sectional view showing a state in which the heat exchange unit, the exhaust branch unit, and the exhaust distribution unit of the waste heat recovery unit shown in fig. 9 are separated from each other. Fig. 12 is a perspective view schematically showing a honeycomb body used in a third embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention.
The waste heat recovery device 300 includes: a heat exchange portion 10b, an exhaust branch portion 30b, and an exhaust distribution portion 40 b. The heat exchange unit 10b includes: a columnar honeycomb body 11b having a first end face 18b and a second end face 19b, and a housing 21b accommodating the honeycomb body 11 b. The honeycomb body 11b has partition walls 13b mainly composed of ceramic, and a plurality of cells 12b are partitioned by the partition walls 13b, and the cells 12b serve as channels for the exhaust gas 50 extending from the first end face 18b to the second end face 19 b. With this configuration, the heat of the exhaust gas 50 flowing through the cells 12b of the honeycomb body 11b can be efficiently collected and transmitted to the outside (specifically, the heat exchange medium 51).
The shape of the honeycomb body 11b is not particularly limited. The cross-sectional shape in a cross section of the honeycomb body 11b orthogonal to the extending direction of the cells 12b may be a circle, an ellipse, a quadrangle, or other polygons. The cross-sectional shape of the honeycomb body 11b shown in fig. 12 in a cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the cells 12b is circular. The honeycomb body 11b shown in fig. 12 has: both the central portion 14b and the outer peripheral portion 15b have a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of cells 12b are partitioned by partition walls 13 b. The shape of the honeycomb body 11b is preferably the same as that of the honeycomb body 11 shown in fig. 4, except that it is not a hollow circular ring shape.
The housing 21b includes: a tubular member 22b disposed so as to be fitted to the outer peripheral surface 16b of the honeycomb body 11b, and a casing main body 23b disposed outside the tubular member 22 b. As the cylindrical member 22b, for example, a ring-shaped plate member can be used. The material of the tubular member 22b constituting the housing 21b is preferably metal, and examples thereof include: stainless steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, brass, and the like.
Examples of the material of the case main body 23b include metal and ceramic. As the metal, for example, stainless steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, brass, or the like can be used. The housing main body 23b forms a path 25b of the heat exchange medium 51. Further, the housing main body 23b has: a heat exchange medium inlet 26b through which the heat exchange medium 51 is introduced, and a heat exchange medium outlet 27b through which the heat exchange medium 51 is discharged. Preferably, at least one pair of the heat exchange medium inlet port 26b and the heat exchange medium outlet port 27b is formed in the case main body 23 b.
The exhaust branch portion 30b is connected to the first end surface 18b side of the honeycomb body 11b of the heat exchange portion 10 b. The exhaust branch portion 30b has: the path of the exhaust gas 50 flowing into the honeycomb body 11b is branched into a branch path 31b in which a central portion 14b and an outer peripheral portion 15b in a cross section of the honeycomb body 11b perpendicular to the axial direction are branched. In the waste heat recovery unit 300 shown in fig. 9, a through hole 33b is formed in the pipe 32b constituting the exhaust branch portion 30b, and the through hole 33b serves as the branch passage 31 b. If the exhaust gas 50 flowing through the path of the exhaust gas 50 (the pipe 32b) flows into the honeycomb body 11b without passing through the through-holes 33b, the exhaust gas 50 flows into the central portion 14b of the honeycomb body 11 b. On the other hand, if the exhaust gas 50 flowing through the path of the exhaust gas 50 (the pipe 32b) passes through the through-hole 33b, the exhaust gas 50 flows into the second flow path formed outside the pipe 32b, and then the exhaust gas 50 flows into the outer peripheral portion 15b of the honeycomb body 11 b.
The exhaust gas distribution portion 40b is connected to the second end face 19b side of the honeycomb body 11b of the heat exchange portion 10 b. The exhaust gas distribution portion 40 has an exhaust gas distribution mechanism 41b, and the exhaust gas distribution mechanism 41b adjusts the amount of exhaust gas heat recovered (the amount of heat recovered) by changing the flow resistance of the central portion 14b of the honeycomb body 11b and changing the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15b of the honeycomb body 11 b. In the waste heat recovery unit 300 shown in fig. 9, an on-off valve 43b is provided in a portion of the pipe 42b constituting the exhaust gas distributing portion 40b corresponding to the central portion 14b of the honeycomb body 11b, and the on-off valve 43b serves as the exhaust gas distributing mechanism 41 b.
In the waste heat recovery device 300, the branch passages 31b of the exhaust branch part 30b and the exhaust distribution mechanism 41b of the exhaust distribution part 40b may have the same configuration as that of the waste heat recovery device of the first and second embodiments.
In the waste heat recoverer 300, as shown in fig. 11, the heat exchange portion 10b, the exhaust branch portion 30b, and the exhaust distribution portion 40b may be configured to be separable from each other.
In the waste heat recovery unit 300, at least one of the exhaust branch part 30b and the exhaust distribution part 40b preferably has cylindrical exhaust guide members 38 and 48 (e.g., pipes 32b and 42b), and the exhaust guide members 38 and 48 do not penetrate the honeycomb body 11 b. That is, the exhaust gas guide members 38 and 48 are preferably disposed in a state where the end portions thereof abut against the end face of the honeycomb body 11b or in a state where they are spaced apart from the end face of the honeycomb body 11 b. With this configuration, as shown in fig. 11, it is possible to configure: the heat exchange portion 10b, the exhaust branch portion 30b, and the exhaust distribution portion 40b can be easily separated.
Although not shown, when at least one of the exhaust branch portion and the exhaust distribution portion has a cylindrical exhaust guide member, the exhaust guide member may be disposed such that: a cavity penetrating through honeycomb body 11 having a circular ring shape as shown in fig. 4. With this configuration, a continuous exhaust gas path is formed so as to penetrate the cavity of the annular honeycomb body 11.
The value of the ratio D1/D2 between the diameter D1 of the honeycomb body and the diameter D2 of the exhaust guide members 38, 48 is preferably 1.1 to 7, more preferably 1.15 to 2.3, and particularly preferably 1.15 to 1.75. If the value of D1/D2 is less than 1.1, the opening area of the outer peripheral portion 15b of the honeycomb body 11b becomes relatively small during heat recovery (for example, in a state where the opening/closing valve 43b is closed), and the pressure loss of the exhaust gas 50 when flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15b may increase. If the value of D1/D2 exceeds 7, the pressure loss when the exhaust gas 50 flows through the central portion 14b may increase during non-heat recovery (for example, in a state where the opening/closing valve 43b is open). In particular, if the opening area of the central portion 14b is relatively small, the pressure loss at the time of high load becomes large, which may result in a decrease in engine output.
When the end portions of the exhaust gas guide members 38, 48 are disposed in a state of being apart from the end surface of the honeycomb body 11b, the distance (interval, which will be referred to as "alternate expression") between the end portions of the exhaust gas guide members 38, 48 and the end surface of the honeycomb body 11b is preferably 0.05 to 10 mm. With this configuration, when the exhaust gas guide members 38, 48 and the honeycomb body 11b are thermally expanded, contact between the exhaust gas guide members 38, 48 and the honeycomb body 11b can be suppressed, and breakage of the honeycomb body 11b can be effectively prevented. The distance between the end of the exhaust guide members 38, 48 and the end face of the honeycomb body 11b is more preferably 0.05 to 5mm, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 2 mm.
(1-4) fourth embodiment of waste heat recoverer:
the fourth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer is a waste heat recoverer 400 shown in fig. 13. Fig. 13 is a sectional view schematically showing a fourth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
The waste heat recovery device 400 includes: a heat exchange portion 10c, an exhaust gas branching portion 30c, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40 c. The heat exchange portion 10c includes a honeycomb body 11c and a casing 21 c. The exhaust branch portion 30c has a branch passage 31 c. The exhaust gas distribution portion 40c has an exhaust gas distribution mechanism 41 c. The components of the honeycomb body 11c, the housing 21c, the branch passage 31c, and the exhaust gas distribution mechanism 41c may be configured in the same manner as the components of the waste heat recoverers according to the first to third embodiments. In fig. 13, reference numeral 18c denotes a "first end surface" of the honeycomb body, and reference numeral 32c denotes a "pipe" of the exhaust branch portion 30 c.
In the waste heat recoverer 400, the flow of the exhaust gas 50, the path of which is defined by the exhaust distribution mechanism 41c, is different from the flow in the waste heat recoverers of the first to third embodiments. That is, in the waste heat recovery unit 400, the exhaust gas 50X passing through the outer peripheral portion 15c of the honeycomb body 11c and the exhaust gas 50Y passing through the central portion 14c of the honeycomb body 11c are discharged from the discharge ports 60 and 61 of different paths, respectively. The discharge ports 60, 61 are: and a discharge port for discharging the exhaust gas 50 provided at a position on the downstream side of the second end face 19c of the honeycomb body 11 c.
The waste heat recoverer 400 is suitably used as an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) cooler. Further, by configuring to discharge the exhaust gas 50X and the exhaust gas 50Y from the exhaust ports 60 and 61 of the different paths, respectively, it is possible to perform the exhaust heat recovery even when the EGR is not operated. In addition, excessive heat recovery when heat recovery is not required can be prevented. For example, the exhaust gas 50 and the heat exchange medium (e.g., cooling water) can be effectively separated, so that excessive heat recovery can be prevented. Specifically, when heat recovery is not required, the amount of exhaust gas 50X passing through the outer peripheral portion 15c of the honeycomb body 11c can be reduced by actively passing the exhaust gas 50Y through the central portion 14c of the honeycomb body 11 c. Accordingly, the absolute amount of the exhaust gas 50 that exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium can be reduced, and excessive heat recovery can be prevented. On the other hand, when the heat recovery amount is to be increased, the exhaust distribution mechanism 41c is used to appropriately reduce the amount of exhaust gas 50Y, so that the amount of exhaust gas 50X can be increased, and the required heat recovery amount can be ensured.
(1-5) fifth embodiment of waste heat recoverer:
a fifth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer is a waste heat recoverer 500 shown in fig. 14. Fig. 14 is a sectional view schematically showing a fifth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system.
The waste heat recovery device 500 includes: a heat exchange portion 10d, an exhaust branch portion 30d, and an exhaust distribution portion 40 d. The heat exchange portion 10d has a honeycomb body 11d and a housing 21 d. The honeycomb body 11d has a first end surface 18d and a second end surface 19d, and is a circular ring shape having a hollow central portion 14 d. The exhaust branch portion 30d has a branch passage 31 d. The exhaust gas distribution portion 40d has an exhaust gas distribution mechanism 41 d. For example, the honeycomb body 11d and the casing 21d may have the same configurations as those of the honeycomb body 11 and the casing 21 in the waste heat recovery device of the first embodiment shown in fig. 2. The pipe 32d (exhaust guide member 38) for the exhaust branch portion 30d is provided with: through the central portion 14d of the honeycomb body 11 d. A branch passage 31d formed of a through hole is provided downstream of the central portion 14d of the pipe 32d penetrating the honeycomb body 11 d. Further, an exhaust gas distribution mechanism 41d of an exhaust gas distribution portion 40d is provided on the downstream side of the central portion 14d of the pipe 32d penetrating the honeycomb body 11 d. The exhaust distribution mechanism 41d is configured by an on-off valve as in the exhaust distribution mechanisms in the waste heat recoverers according to the first to third embodiments, and the ventilation resistance of the central portion 14d of the honeycomb body 11d can be changed by operating the on-off valve.
In the waste heat recoverer 500, the flow of the exhaust gas 50, the path of which is defined by the exhaust distribution mechanism 41d, is different from the flow in the waste heat recoverers of the first to third embodiments. That is, in the waste heat recoverer 500, first, the entire amount of the exhaust gas 50 temporarily passes through the central portion 14d of the honeycomb body 11 d. At least a part of the exhaust gas 50Y having passed through the central portion 14d is branched by the branch path 31d, and the branched exhaust gas 50X flows through the outer peripheral portion 15d of the honeycomb body 11 d. The exhaust distribution mechanism 41d is provided downstream of the branch passage 31d, and the exhaust gas 50X flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15d of the honeycomb body 11d can be adjusted in exhaust gas amount by changing the air flow resistance of the central portion 14d of the honeycomb body 11 d.
In the waste heat recoverer 500, the exhaust gas 50X that has passed through the outer peripheral portion 15d of the honeycomb body 11d and the exhaust gas 50Y that has passed through the central portion 14d of the honeycomb body 11d without being branched to the outer peripheral portion 15d are discharged from the discharge ports 60, 61 of different paths, respectively. The discharge ports 60 and 61 are provided on the downstream side of the honeycomb body 11d and discharge the exhaust gas 50.
The waste heat recoverer 500 can be used as an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) cooler relatively suitably as in the waste heat recoverer 400 (see fig. 13) of the fourth embodiment. Further, by configuring to discharge the exhaust gas 50X and the exhaust gas 50Y from the exhaust ports 60 and 61 of the different paths, respectively, it is possible to perform the exhaust heat recovery even when the EGR is not operated. In addition, excessive heat recovery when heat recovery is not required can be prevented. For example, the exhaust gas 50 and the heat exchange medium (e.g., cooling water) can be effectively separated, so that excessive heat recovery can be prevented.
(1-6) sixth embodiment of waste heat recoverer:
the sixth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer is a waste heat recoverer 600 shown in fig. 15. Fig. 15 is a sectional view schematically showing a sixth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system. In the waste heat recovery device 600 shown in fig. 15, the same components as those of the waste heat recovery device 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3 are sometimes denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
The waste heat recovery device 600 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust gas branching portion 30, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40. The waste heat recoverer 600 includes: the path of the exhaust gas 50 at the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 is partially divided into 2 or more in the axial direction of the honeycomb body 11. In the waste heat recovery unit 600, the exhaust gas 50 introduced into the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 is configured to flow while being folded back in the axial direction of the honeycomb body 11. That is, the waste heat recovery unit 600 shown in fig. 15 is provided with the branch line 31 formed of a through-hole on the downstream side of the central portion 14 penetrating the honeycomb body 11, similarly to the waste heat recovery unit 500 (fig. 14) of the fifth embodiment. In the waste heat recoverer 600 of the present embodiment, the path of the exhaust gas 50 in the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 is divided into 2 paths in the axial direction of the honeycomb body 11, for example, at a substantially middle portion in the vertical direction on the paper of fig. 15. Wherein, constitute: the exhaust gas 50 flows through the upper half of the honeycomb body 11 on the upstream side (i.e., the left side in the drawing) of the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11, and flows into the lower half of the honeycomb body 11 on the upstream side without being divided into paths. Further, the structure is: the exhaust gas 50 flowing into the lower half of the honeycomb body 11 flows through the lower half of the honeycomb body 11, and then merges with the exhaust gas 50 passing through the center portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11.
According to the waste heat recovery device 600, the exhaust gas 50 flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15 flows while being folded back with respect to the axial direction of the honeycomb body 11, and therefore, the heat recovery efficiency can be increased. For example, in the case where the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 is partitioned into 2 in the axial direction, the path of the exhaust gas 50 at the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 can be increased to 2 times the length with respect to the length in the axial direction of the honeycomb body 11. Therefore, the waste heat recovery device 600 of the present embodiment can be expected to improve the heat recovery efficiency by about 1.5 times with respect to a waste heat recovery device having the same length in the axial direction of the honeycomb body 11 but not folded back. In addition, by further increasing the number of times of turning back the path of the exhaust gas 50 at the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11, it can be expected to further improve the heat recovery efficiency.
Although illustration is omitted in the waste heat recoverer of the present embodiment, the "exhaust branch portion 30" and the "exhaust distribution portion 40" in fig. 15 may be located at positions upstream of the honeycomb body 11. In fig. 15, the honeycomb body 11 has a circular ring shape in which the central portion 14 is a hollow, but both the central portion 14b and the outer peripheral portion 15b may have a honeycomb structure as in the honeycomb body 11b shown in fig. 12. In the embodiments described below, the shape of the honeycomb body is not limited to the shape shown in the drawings referred to, and can be applied: the shape of a circular ring having a hollow central portion and the shape of a honeycomb structure in both the central portion and the outer peripheral portion.
In the waste heat recovery device of the present embodiment, although not shown, the path of the exhaust gas at the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body may be divided into 3 or more paths in the axial direction of the honeycomb body. With this configuration, the path of the exhaust gas at the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body can be increased to a length of 3 times or more with respect to the length of the honeycomb body in the axial direction. For example, the following may be configured: the "exhaust branch portion 30" in fig. 15 is disposed on the upstream side of the honeycomb body 11, and after the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 is folded 2 times, the exhaust gas 50 having passed through the outer peripheral portion 15 is discharged.
(1-7) seventh embodiment of waste heat recoverer:
the seventh embodiment of the waste heat recoverer is a waste heat recoverer 700 shown in fig. 16 and 17. Fig. 16 is a sectional view schematically showing a seventh embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system. Fig. 17 is a plan view schematically showing a seventh embodiment of the waste heat recovery device according to the present invention, and is a plan view of the waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 16 as viewed in the direction of arrow D. In the waste heat recoverer 700 shown in fig. 16 and 17, the same components as those of the waste heat recoverer 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3 and the like are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof may be omitted.
The waste heat recovery device 700 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust gas branching portion 30, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40. The waste heat recovery device 700 further includes: an external component 72 including a machine accompanied by heat generation. The outer member 72 is a so-called outer belt member provided around the casing 21, and particularly, in the waste heat recovery device 700, it is intended to suppress an excessive temperature rise. Examples of the device including the external member 72, which generates heat, include a Motor (Motor)72a as a power source of the on-off valve 43 of the exhaust distribution mechanism 41. In addition, the electronic devices attached to the electronic apparatus, various electronic devices other than the electronic apparatus, and the like are also devices accompanied by heat generation. For example, since the motor 72a is provided around the housing 21, heat from the exhaust gas 50 may be transmitted through the housing 21 and the on-off valve 43, which may cause a temperature increase. The waste heat recoverer 700 is configured to: the heat exchange medium can also recover the thermal energy transmitted to the motor 72a and the like as described above. Further, since heat is generated when the motor 72a and the like are driven, the heat generation as described above can be further recovered by the heat exchange medium. With this configuration, it is possible to suppress: it is intended to suppress the temperature rise of the external member 72, thereby effectively preventing the breakage of the external member 72. Further, by recovering heat from the external member 72, the heat recovery efficiency of the heat exchange medium can be improved.
In the waste heat recoverer 700, the Motor 72a of the outer member 72 is supported by a Motor support 73a and fixed to the periphery of the housing 21. Therefore, heat from the external member 72 is recovered by the motor support 73 a. Preferably, the motor support 73a is configured to: close to the path 25 of the heat exchange medium. The target of heat recovery of the external member 72 is not limited to the motor 72a described above. The method of recovering heat from the external member 72 is not limited to the motor stay 73a described above. Although not shown in the drawings, the present invention may further include: other external parts of the apparatus, which do not include heat generation, may be configured as follows: the heat transferred from the exhaust gas to the other external components is further recovered by means of a heat exchange medium. The other external member is not particularly limited, but is preferably an outer belt member for suppressing temperature rise.
(1-8) eighth embodiment of waste heat recoverer:
the eighth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer is a waste heat recoverer 800 shown in fig. 18 and 19. Fig. 18 is a sectional view schematically showing an eighth embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system. Fig. 19 is a plan view schematically showing an eighth embodiment of the waste heat recovery device according to the present invention, and is a plan view of the waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 18 as viewed in the direction of arrow E. In the waste heat recoverer 800 shown in fig. 18 and 19, the same components as those of the waste heat recoverer 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3 and the like are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof may be omitted.
The waste heat recovery device 800 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust gas branching portion 30, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40. In the waste heat recoverer 800, a heat exchange auxiliary member 74 is disposed in the path 25 of the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange auxiliary member 74 is connected to a cylindrical member disposed so as to be fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the honeycomb body 11, and is heated by heat transmitted from the cylindrical member. By providing such a heat exchange auxiliary member 74, the heat recovery efficiency of the heat exchange medium can be improved.
The heat exchange auxiliary member 74 is preferably shaped to increase the surface area of the heat transfer portion in the heat exchange medium passage 25, for example. For example, the heat exchange auxiliary member 74 may have a corrugated bellows shape. Examples of the member having such a shape include a corrugated pipe (corrugated pipe). Further, a plurality of fins (fin) provided so as to project from the surface of the cylindrical member in the normal direction or the like may be used as the heat exchange auxiliary member 74.
The material of the heat exchange auxiliary member 74 is not particularly limited, and is preferably made of a material having a high heat transfer property. As a material of the heat exchange auxiliary member 74, for example, copper can be exemplified.
(1-9) still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer:
next, still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer will be described with reference to fig. 20 to 27. Fig. 20 to 26 are sectional views schematically showing still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention, and are sectional views showing a section parallel to the air flow direction of the exhaust system. Fig. 27 is a perspective view schematically showing a honeycomb body used in still another embodiment of the waste heat recoverer of the present invention. In each of the waste heat recoverers shown in fig. 20 to 27, the same components as those of the waste heat recoverer 100 shown in fig. 1 to 3 are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof may be omitted.
The waste heat recoverer 900 shown in fig. 20 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust gas branching portion 30, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40. In the waste heat recoverer 900, a heat insulating layer 75 is provided outside the heat exchange medium passage 25. The waste heat recoverer 900 is provided in an exhaust system of an automobile or the like, and recovers waste heat. Generally, an exhaust system of an automobile is often exposed to outside air on the lower side of the body of the automobile. Thus, when the waste heat recoverer 900 is installed in an exhaust system of an automobile or the like, the exhaust heat temporarily recovered by the heat exchange medium may be dissipated to the outside air. Since the heat insulating layer 75 is provided outside the heat exchange medium path 25, the waste heat recoverer 900 can effectively suppress: dissipation of heat from the heat exchange medium.
Examples of the heat insulating layer 75 include: a casing is also provided outside the heat exchange medium path 25, and an air layer is formed inside the casing. By providing such an air layer, it is possible to extremely easily suppress the heat dissipation from the heat exchange medium.
The heat insulating layer 75 may be a heat insulating layer other than the air layer. For example, a material having low heat conductivity may be disposed outside the heat exchange medium passage 25, and the material having low heat conductivity may be used as the heat insulating layer 75. The heat insulating layer 75 may be a heat storage member or the like, and is not particularly limited as long as it can suppress the dissipation of heat from the heat exchange medium.
The waste heat recoverer 1000 shown in fig. 21 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust gas branching portion 30, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40. In the waste heat recovery unit 1000, 2 honeycomb bodies 11X and 11Y are arranged in series in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 50. In the flow direction of the exhaust gas 50, 2 honeycomb bodies 11X and 11Y are arranged in series with a gap provided therebetween. Thus, between the end faces forming the gaps of the honeycomb bodies 11X, 11Y, the exhaust gas 50 discharged from the honeycomb body 11X disposed on the upstream side is stirred before being introduced into the honeycomb body 11Y disposed on the downstream side. This can increase the efficiency of recovering the waste heat. Further, the exhaust gas 50 discharged from the honeycomb body 11X collides with the inflow-side end face of the honeycomb body 11Y, and the agitation of the exhaust gas 50 can be further promoted.
In the waste heat recovery unit 1000, 2 honeycomb bodies 11X and 11Y are arranged in series in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 50, but the number of honeycomb bodies may be 3 or more. As a technique for heat recovery from the exhaust gas by arranging a plurality of honeycomb bodies in series in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 50 and passing the plurality of honeycomb bodies, for example, the technique described in international publication No. 2012/169622 can be used.
The waste heat recoverer 1100 shown in fig. 22 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust gas branching portion 30, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40. In the waste heat recovery device 1100, the rectifying portion 76 is provided at a portion where the through hole 33 of the pipe 32 is formed, and the pipe 32 constitutes the exhaust branch portion 30. The rectifying portion 76 is formed by disposing a short pipe having a small inner diameter inside the portion where the through hole 33 of the pipe 32 is formed. The structure is as follows: between the pipe 32 and the short pipe, the upstream side is closed and the downstream side is open. Accordingly, in order to pass the exhaust gas 50 through the through-hole 33 of the pipe 32, the exhaust gas 50 needs to be temporarily passed through the short pipe of the rectifying portion 76, and then circulated to reach the through-hole 33. With this configuration, the flow velocity of the exhaust gas 50 passing through the through-holes 33 is made uniform in the entire circumferential direction of the pipe 32, and the imbalance in the flow velocity of the exhaust gas 50 flowing into the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 can be suppressed.
The waste heat recoverer 1200 shown in fig. 23 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust gas branching portion 30, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40. In the waste heat recovery unit 1200, the distance from the through-hole 33 of the pipe 32 constituting the exhaust branch portion 30 to the honeycomb body 11 is increased, whereby the exhaust gas 50 flowing into the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 can be rectified. That is, in the waste heat recovery unit 1200, the rectifying portion 77 is provided between the through-hole 33 of the pipe 32 constituting the exhaust branch portion 30 and the first end surface 18 of the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11. The rectifying portion 77 can be formed by extending the downstream side of the pipe 32. With this configuration, the flow of the exhaust gas 50 flowing in from the plurality of through-holes 33 is made uniform by the flow straightening portions 77, and the imbalance of the exhaust gas 50 flowing in the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 can be suppressed. The length of the flow straightening portion 77 is not particularly limited, and is preferably a length sufficient to eliminate the imbalance of the exhaust gas 50 flowing into the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11.
The waste heat recovery device 1300 shown in fig. 24 and 25 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust gas branching portion 30, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40. In the waste heat recoverer 1300, the shape of the opening/closing valve 43 of the exhaust distribution mechanism 41 is characteristic. As shown in fig. 24, the configuration is: when the opening/closing valve 43 is closed, the ventilation resistance of the central portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11 increases, and the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 increases. At this time, the exhaust gas 50 passing through the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 is discharged to the downstream side without being restricted by the opening/closing valve 43. In the waste heat recoverer 1300, as shown in fig. 25, if the opening/closing valve 43 is opened (that is, the opening/closing valve 43 of the center portion 14 is opened), the ventilation resistance of the center portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11 is lowered, and the exhaust gas 50 preferentially flows to the center portion 14. In the exhaust heat recovery device according to the first embodiment and the like described so far, when the opening/closing valve 43 of the center portion 14 is opened, the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 is reduced, but the flow of the exhaust gas 50 in the outer peripheral portion 15 of the honeycomb body 11 is not completely stopped. In the waste heat recovery device 1300, when the opening/closing valve 43 of the central portion 14 is open, the valve body 45 of the opening/closing valve 43 closes the path of the exhaust gas 50 in the outer peripheral portion 15. Thus, in the waste heat recovery unit 1300, the exhaust gas 50 can be caused to flow only through either the central portion 14 or the outer peripheral portion 15 by opening and closing the opening/closing valve 43.
Preferably, when the opening/closing valve 43 of the exhaust distribution mechanism 41 in the waste heat recovery device 1300 is opened or closed, the path of the exhaust gas 50 in either the central portion 14 or the outer peripheral portion 15 is blocked. That is, the number of the valve bodies 45 of the opening and closing valve 43 is preferably 1. With this configuration, when the opening/closing valve 43 fails, for example, both the paths of the central portion 14 and the outer peripheral portion 15 can be prevented from being blocked. For example, when the on-off valve 43 is used such that both paths of the central portion 14 and the outer peripheral portion 15 are blocked, for example, when the on-off valve 43 fails, the flow of the exhaust system may be completely stopped when the on-off valve 43 fails, thereby adversely affecting the internal combustion engine.
The waste heat recovery device 1400 shown in fig. 26 includes: a heat exchange portion 10, an exhaust gas branching portion 30, and an exhaust gas distributing portion 40. In the waste heat recoverer 1400, the opening/closing valve 43 of the exhaust distribution mechanism 41 has a characteristic shape. As shown in fig. 26, the opening/closing valve 43 is configured to: the surface of the valve body 45 of the opening-closing valve 43 is curved with respect to the surface orthogonal to the flow direction of the exhaust gas 50. Thus, when the exhaust gas 50 flowing through the center portion 14 of the honeycomb body 11 collides against the surface of the valve body 45, the valve body 45 of the opening/closing valve 43 is easily rotated about the valve rod 44. Further, since the dropping member 46 is provided on only one side of the valve body 45 so as to sandwich the valve rod 44 on the valve body 45 of the opening/closing valve 43, even when the opening/closing valve 43 fails and the like and no driving force is applied to the valve body 45, the path of the central portion 14 is hardly blocked by the dropping member 46. That is, the opening and closing valve 43 of the center portion 14 is easily opened. Accordingly, even if the opening/closing valve 43 fails, the engine, the exhaust system, and the waste heat recovery unit 1400 are less likely to generate a load, and the waste heat recovery unit 1400 can be used more safely.
The shape of the on-off valve 43 of the exhaust distribution mechanism 41 is not limited to the shape shown in fig. 26, and may be any shape as long as the on-off valve 43 can be easily opened by the gas pressure of the exhaust gas 50. In addition, in the waste heat recovery device 1400 shown in fig. 26, a reverse rotation preventing member 47 for preventing reverse rotation of the opening/closing valve 43 is provided above the opening/closing valve 43. The reverse rotation preventing member 47 is formed by a projection projecting into the path of the exhaust gas 50, and when the opening/closing valve 43 rotates in the reverse direction, the reverse rotation of the opening/closing valve 43 is prevented by collision with an end of the opening/closing valve 43.
Honeycomb body 11e shown in fig. 27 is formed of 4 honeycomb bodies 11ea, 11eb, 11ec, and 11ed of a quadrant circle obtained by approximately quartering a cross-sectional shape circle in a cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of cell 12 e. That is, the aggregate of 4 honeycomb bodies 11ea, 11eb, 11ec, and 11ed becomes honeycomb body 11 e. The honeycomb body 11e has: the honeycomb structure has a first end surface 18e and a second end surface 19e, and is formed with a plurality of cells 12e partitioned by partition walls 13 e. The honeycomb body 11e has a circular ring shape in which the central portion 14e is a hollow. The outer peripheral portion 15e of the honeycomb body 11e is constituted by the 4 honeycomb bodies 11ea, 11eb, 11ec, and 11ed described above. As described above, the honeycomb body used in the waste heat recovery device of the present invention is not limited to the honeycomb body having a circular cross-sectional shape or a circular ring shape having a hollow center, and may be a honeycomb body divided into 2 or more honeycomb bodies in the radial direction. Although not shown, when the honeycomb body is divided in the radial direction, the honeycomb body may have a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of cells are partitioned by partition walls in both the central portion and the outer peripheral portion. That is, the honeycomb structure is not limited to a honeycomb structure having a circular ring shape such as the honeycomb structure 11e shown in fig. 27.
Examples
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
(example 1)
As the waste heat recoverer of example 1, a waste heat recoverer having the same configuration as the waste heat recoverer 200 shown in fig. 5 was manufactured. Next, a method for manufacturing the waste heat recovery device of example 1 will be described.
(preparation of Honeycomb)
A billet containing SiC powder is extruded into a desired shape, dried and processed into a predetermined outer dimension, and then subjected to Si impregnation firing to produce a cylindrical honeycomb sintered body. The honeycomb sintered body is constituted by: the end face has a diameter (profile) of 70mm and the length of the compartment in the direction of extension is 35 mm. The cell density of the honeycomb sintered body was 23 cells/cm2The thickness (wall thickness) of the partition wall was 0.3 mm. The honeycomb sintered body had a thermal conductivity of 150W/(mK).
Next, the honeycomb sintered body thus produced was cut out in a cylindrical shape in a range of 52mm in diameter including the center of the end face, to produce a circular ring-shaped honeycomb body having a hollow center portion. Inside the cavity of the fabricated honeycomb body, disposed are: a cylindrical inner wall made of stainless steel having a size corresponding to the inner diameter of the cavity.
(preparation of Heat exchange portion)
Next, a cylindrical member made of stainless steel was produced. The cylindrical member is: the inner diameter was 69.8mm, the axial length was 41.5mm, and the wall thickness was 1 mm. Next, the honeycomb body was inserted into the cylindrical member of the fabricated inner cylinder, and the cylindrical member was arranged to be fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the honeycomb body by shrink fitting.
Next, a housing main body made of stainless steel was manufactured. The shell main body is: the inner diameter was 76mm, the axial length was 41.5mm, and the wall thickness was 1.5 mm. The housing main body is provided with: a heat exchange medium inlet for introducing a heat exchange medium, and a heat exchange medium outlet for discharging the heat exchange medium.
Next, inside the manufactured case main body, disposed are: the cylindrical member having the honeycomb body fitted and fixed thereto is welded to join the housing main body and the cylindrical member, thereby producing a heat exchange portion including the honeycomb body and the housing. Between the housing main body and the cylindrical member are formed: the distance between the housing main body and the cylindrical member in the radial direction of the honeycomb body was 2.0 mm.
(production of exhaust branch part)
An exhaust branch portion having the same configuration as the exhaust branch portion 30a of the waste heat recovery device 200 shown in fig. 5 was manufactured. Specifically, an exhaust branch portion having a double pipe structure was manufactured using a first pipe made of stainless steel and a second pipe made of stainless steel. The first piping is: a cylindrical tube having an axial length of 31.5mm, an outer diameter of 54mm and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm. A through hole of a substantially circular shape 10 is formed on the downstream side of the first pipe, and the through hole is used as a branch path of the exhaust branch portion. The second piping uses: the length in the axial direction was 15.5mm, the inner diameter of the end portion on the upstream side was 51mm, and the expanded portion having an inner diameter of 72mm was provided on the other end portion on the downstream side. The first pipe is disposed inside the second pipe, and the second pipe and the first pipe are joined by welding to produce an exhaust branch portion having a branch passage. When the first pipe is disposed inside the second pipe and joined, the downstream end face of the first pipe and the downstream end face of the second pipe are disposed so as to be aligned with each other, and the first pipe and the second pipe are joined together.
(preparation of exhaust gas distribution portion)
An exhaust branch portion having the same configuration as the exhaust distribution portion 40a of the waste heat recoverer 200 shown in fig. 5 was produced. Specifically, the exhaust distribution portion 40a is manufactured by attaching an on-off valve 43a to a pipe having an outer diameter of 51mm made of stainless steel, in the exhaust distribution mechanism 41a, the on-off valve 43a being configured to: the valve body 45a rotates around a valve rod 44a, and the valve rod 44a is disposed so as to cross the pipe 42 a.
The waste heat recovery device of example 1 was produced by connecting the heat exchange unit to the produced exhaust branch unit and connecting the exhaust distribution unit to the downstream side of the heat exchange unit.
(example 2)
As the waste heat recoverer of example 2, a waste heat recoverer having the same configuration as the waste heat recoverer 300 shown in fig. 9 was manufactured. In the waste heat recovery device of example 2, a waste heat recovery device was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the honeycomb body having a honeycomb structure was used for both the central portion and the outer peripheral portion without removing the central portion of the honeycomb body at the time of producing the heat exchange portion.
Comparative example 1
As the waste heat recovery device of comparative example 1, a waste heat recovery device having the same configuration as the waste heat recovery device 1500 shown in fig. 28 was manufactured. Fig. 28 is a sectional view schematically showing the waste heat recoverer of comparative example 1, and is a sectional view showing a section parallel to the airflow direction of the exhaust system. As shown in fig. 28, the waste heat recoverer 1500 of comparative example 1 is: honeycomb body 111 is housed in case 121, and path 125 of heat exchange medium 51 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the portion of case 121 where honeycomb body 111 is disposed. In the waste heat recovery device of comparative example 1, the second pipes of the exhaust branch portion of example 1 are connected to both ends of the housing 121, and serve as an exhaust gas introduction pipe 126 into which exhaust gas is introduced and an exhaust gas discharge pipe 127 from which exhaust gas is discharged. The honeycomb body 111 and the casing 121 have the same structure as the heat exchange unit of example 2.
(measurement of Heat recovery efficiency)
The heat recovery efficiency was measured in the case where the exhaust gas (first fluid) was passed through the waste heat recoverers of examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 and water (second fluid) was used as the heat exchange medium. In addition, the measurement: the heat recovery efficiency is obtained from the amount of intake heat flowing into the waste heat recovery unit and the amount of recovered heat recovered by the waste heat recovery unit according to the following formula (1). Formula (1): heat recovery efficiency is recovery heat/input heat x 100
The amount of heat input can be determined as the product of "the temperature difference between the first fluid and the second fluid before flowing into the waste heat recovery device", "the specific heat capacity of the first fluid", and "the mass flow rate of the first fluid". The term "temperature difference between the first fluid and the second fluid before flowing into the waste heat recovery unit" means: a value obtained by subtracting the temperature of the second fluid flowing into the waste heat recovery unit from the temperature of the first fluid flowing into the waste heat recovery unit. The recovered heat amount may be determined as the product of "the temperature difference of the second fluid before flowing into the waste heat recovery unit and after flowing out", "the specific heat capacity of the second fluid", and "the mass flow rate of the second fluid". The "temperature difference between the second fluid before flowing into the heat recovery unit and after flowing out" means: a value obtained by subtracting the temperature of the second fluid immediately before flowing into the waste heat recovery unit from the temperature of the second fluid immediately after flowing out of the waste heat recovery unit.
In the measurement of the heat recovery efficiency, the temperature of the exhaust gas was set at 400 ℃, and the flow rate of the exhaust gas was measured under 6 conditions of 5 g/sec, 10 g/sec, 20 g/sec, 40 g/sec, 60 g/sec, and 100 g/sec. In the waste heat recovery devices of examples 1 and 2, the on-off valve used as the exhaust distribution mechanism of the exhaust distribution unit was set to "closed" under 3 conditions of 5 g/sec, 10 g/sec, and 20 g/sec, and heat recovery was performed. In the waste heat recoverers of examples 1 and 2, the on-off valve used as the exhaust distribution mechanism of the exhaust distribution unit was opened under 3 conditions of 40 g/sec, 60 g/sec, and 100 g/sec, and heat recovery was performed. The results of measuring the heat recovery efficiency are shown in table 1.
[ TABLE 1]
Figure BDA0001632199430000301
(results)
The waste heat recovery devices of examples 1 and 2 can adjust the heat recovery efficiency according to the flow rate of the exhaust gas and can recover appropriate waste heat, as compared with the waste heat recovery device of comparative example 1.
(example 3)
A waste heat recovery device as shown in fig. 29 was produced as the waste heat recovery device of example 3. Fig. 29 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the waste heat recoverer of embodiment 3. As the waste heat recovery device of example 3, a waste heat recovery device having the same configuration as the waste heat recovery device 400 shown in fig. 13 was used. The waste heat recoverer of embodiment 3 is comparatively preferably used as an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) cooler. In particular, as shown in fig. 13, the structure is: the exhaust gas 50X and the exhaust gas 50Y are discharged from the exhaust ports 60 and 61 of different paths, respectively, whereby the exhaust heat recovery can be performed even when the EGR is not operated.
Comparative example 2
As the waste heat recovery device of comparative example 2, a waste heat recovery device as shown in fig. 30 was produced. Fig. 30 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the waste heat recoverer of comparative example 2. Further, an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) cooler and a heat exchanger are connected to the exhaust heat recovery device of comparative example 2. In the exhaust heat recovery device of comparative example 2, the amount of exhaust gas on the heat exchanger side was reduced at the time of EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), and the amount of heat recovered by the heat exchanger was reduced. On the other hand, according to the waste heat recovery device of embodiment 3, since the combustion gas cooled after the waste heat recovery can be returned to the EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), there is an excellent effect that the reduction of the amount of waste heat recovery does not occur.
Possibility of industrial utilization
The waste heat recovery device of the present invention is provided in an exhaust passage of an engine, and can be used for recovering exhaust heat of exhaust gas passing through the exhaust passage.
Description of the reference numerals
10. 10b, 10c, 10 d: heat exchange portions 11, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11ea, 11eb, 11ec, 11ed, 11X, 11Y: honeycomb body, 12b, 12 e: compartment, 13b, 13 e: partition walls, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14 e: central portion, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15 e: outer peripheral portion, 16b, 16 e: outer peripheral surface, 17: inner wall structure, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18 e: first end face, 19b, 19c, 19d, 19 e: second end face, 21b, 21c, 21 d: housing, 22 b: cylindrical member, 23 b: housing main body, 25 b: path (path of heat exchange medium), 26 b: heat exchange medium inlet, 27 b: heat exchange medium discharge ports, 30a, 30b, 30c, 30 d: exhaust branch portions, 31b, 31c, 31 d: branch path, 32a, 32b, 32c, 32 d: piping, 33 b: through hole, 38, 48: exhaust guide member, 40a, 40b, 40 c: exhaust gas distribution portion, 41a, 41b, 41 c: exhaust distribution mechanism, 42a, 42 b: piping, 43a, 43 b: opening and closing valve, 44a, 44 b: valve rod, 45a, 45 b: valve body, 46: drop, 47: anti-reverse rotation preventing member, 50: exhaust gas, 50X: exhaust gas (exhaust gas passing through the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body), 50Y: exhaust gas (exhaust gas passing through the center portion of the honeycomb body), 51: heat exchange medium, 60, 61: discharge port, 71: annular member, 72: outer member, 72 a: motor, 73 a: motor support, 74: heat exchange auxiliary member, 75: insulation layers, 76, 77: rectifying unit, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500: waste heat recoverer, 111: honeycomb body, 121: a housing, 125: path (path of heat exchange medium), 126: exhaust gas introduction pipe, 127: and an exhaust gas discharge pipe.

Claims (13)

1. A waste heat recovery device is provided with: a heat exchange part, an exhaust branch part and an exhaust distribution part,
the heat exchange unit includes: a columnar honeycomb body having a first end face and a second end face and having a hollow central portion, and a housing for housing the honeycomb body,
the honeycomb body has partition walls mainly composed of ceramic, and a plurality of cells are partitioned by the partition walls, and the cells extend from the first end face to the second end face to form channels for exhaust gas,
the housing includes: a cylindrical pipe provided on an annular inner wall of the central portion of the honeycomb body; a cylindrical member disposed so as to be fitted to an outer peripheral surface of the honeycomb body; and a housing main body which is disposed outside the cylindrical member, forms a path for a heat exchange medium for recovering waste heat obtained by heat exchange with the exhaust gas, and has a heat exchange medium inlet for introducing the heat exchange medium and a heat exchange medium outlet for discharging the heat exchange medium,
the exhaust branch portion has a branch path that branches a path of the exhaust gas flowing into the honeycomb body to a central portion and an outer peripheral portion in a cross section of the honeycomb body orthogonal to an axial direction,
the exhaust gas distribution portion has an exhaust gas distribution mechanism, and changes a flow resistance of a path of the exhaust gas in the central portion of the honeycomb body by the exhaust gas distribution mechanism, and changes an amount of exhaust gas flowing through the path of the exhaust gas in the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body to adjust a heat recovery amount,
a gap between an outer surface of the tubing and the inner wall of the honeycomb body is plugged by at least one of the following structures: a sealing member configured to fill an inside thereof, an annular member in contact with the first end surface of the honeycomb body, a convex portion of the pipe in contact with the first end surface of the honeycomb body, a tapered portion of the pipe in contact with the first end surface of the honeycomb body, or the exhaust branch portion in contact with at least one of the first end surface of the honeycomb body or the second end surface of the honeycomb body.
2. The waste heat recoverer of claim 1,
the honeycomb body is in the shape of a circular ring with a hollow at the central portion.
3. The waste heat recoverer of claim 2,
the annular honeycomb body has an inner wall structure which is continuous in a cylindrical shape inside the cavity.
4. The waste heat recoverer according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
at least one of the exhaust branch portion and the exhaust distribution portion has a cylindrical exhaust guide member, and the exhaust guide member is disposed in a state where an end portion of the exhaust guide member is in contact with an end surface of the honeycomb body or in a state where the end portion is separated from the end surface of the honeycomb body.
5. The waste heat recoverer of claim 4,
the distance between the exhaust guide member and the end face of the honeycomb body is 0.05-10 mm.
6. The waste heat recoverer of claim 2 or 3,
at least one of the exhaust branch portion and the exhaust distribution portion includes: a cylindrical exhaust guide member, the exhaust guide member being disposed to: the cavity penetrating the torus shaped honeycomb body.
7. The waste heat recoverer of claim 4,
the ratio of the diameter D1 of the honeycomb body to the diameter D2 of the exhaust guide member, that is, the value of D1/D2 is 1.1 to 7.
8. The waste heat recoverer according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the heat exchange portion, the exhaust branch portion, and the exhaust distribution portion are configured to be separable from each other.
9. The waste heat recoverer according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the exhaust gas after passing through the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body and the exhaust gas after passing through the central portion of the honeycomb body are discharged from discharge ports of different paths on the downstream side of the honeycomb body, among the exhaust gas after the path through which the exhaust gas flows is determined by the exhaust gas distribution mechanism.
10. The waste heat recoverer according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the exhaust gas after passing through the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body and the exhaust gas after passing through the central portion of the honeycomb body are merged at a downstream side of the honeycomb body among the exhaust gas after the passage through which the exhaust gas flows is determined by the exhaust distribution mechanism, and are discharged from a discharge port of the same flow passage.
11. The waste heat recoverer according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the path of the exhaust gas at the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body is partially divided into 2 or more paths in the axial direction of the honeycomb body, and the exhaust gas introduced into the outer peripheral portion is caused to flow while being turned back in the axial direction of the honeycomb body.
12. The waste heat recoverer according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
further comprises an external member provided around the housing and including a device generating heat,
heat generation at the external component and heat transferred from the exhaust gas to the external component are further recovered by the heat exchange medium.
13. A waste heat recovery device is provided with: a heat exchange part, an exhaust branch part and an exhaust distribution part,
the heat exchange unit includes: a columnar honeycomb body having a first end face and a second end face, and a housing accommodating the honeycomb body,
the honeycomb body has partition walls mainly composed of ceramic, and a plurality of cells are partitioned by the partition walls, and the cells extend from the first end face to the second end face to form channels for exhaust gas,
the housing includes: a cylindrical member disposed so as to be fitted to an outer peripheral surface of the honeycomb body, and a case main body disposed outside the cylindrical member, forming a path for a heat exchange medium for collecting waste heat obtained by heat exchange with the exhaust gas, and having a heat exchange medium inlet for introducing the heat exchange medium and a heat exchange medium outlet for discharging the heat exchange medium,
the exhaust branch portion has a branch path that branches a path of the exhaust gas flowing into the honeycomb body to a central portion and an outer peripheral portion in a cross section of the honeycomb body orthogonal to an axial direction,
the exhaust gas distribution portion has an exhaust gas distribution mechanism, and changes a flow resistance of a path of the exhaust gas in the central portion of the honeycomb body by the exhaust gas distribution mechanism, and changes an amount of exhaust gas flowing through the path of the exhaust gas in the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb body to adjust a heat recovery amount,
at least one of the exhaust branch portion and the exhaust distribution portion has a cylindrical exhaust guide member, and the exhaust guide member is disposed in a state where an end portion of the exhaust guide member is in contact with an end surface of the honeycomb body or in a state where the end portion is separated from the end surface of the honeycomb body.
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