CN108138631B - 用于内燃机废气后处理的设备 - Google Patents

用于内燃机废气后处理的设备 Download PDF

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CN108138631B
CN108138631B CN201680061856.7A CN201680061856A CN108138631B CN 108138631 B CN108138631 B CN 108138631B CN 201680061856 A CN201680061856 A CN 201680061856A CN 108138631 B CN108138631 B CN 108138631B
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CN108138631A (zh
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M·克鲁泽
K·哈尼
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于内燃机废气后处理的设备,其具有将废气流(10)引入到所述设备中的废气管路(2)、在催化器上游将还原剂引入到所述设备中的喷射器(11)和布置在所引入的还原剂的上游的废气混合装置。根据本发明,说明一种用于内燃机废气后处理的设备,所述设备在结构简单的情况下比已知的设备更有效。这通过如下方式实现:所述废气混合装置是涡流产生装置(8),所述涡流产生装置(8)被置入到罐形的换向部(6)中,并且在所述换向部(6)中在所述涡流产生装置(8)的上游布置有呈流动整流器(4)形式的导流装置。

Description

用于内燃机废气后处理的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机废气后处理的设备,所述设备具有将废气流引入到所述设备中的废气管路、在催化器上游将还原剂引入到所述设备中的喷射器和布置在所引入的还原剂的上游的废气混合装置。
背景技术
本发明涉及内燃机废气后处理的技术领域。在将燃烧空气输送到内燃机中的情况下燃烧燃料时会产生废气,该废气必须在废气离开废气管路之前被清除,以便符合对例如构造成自燃式内燃机的并且用柴油燃料来运行的内燃机的环境相容性的要求。在所述领域中已知一种将还原剂带入到废气中的系统,其中,还原剂在后续的催化器中实现期望的化学反应。
这类设备由DE 100 60 808A1已知。该设备具有用于选择性催化还原的SCR催化器,所述催化器安装在内燃机的废气管路中。为了能够执行所述选择性催化还原,将还原剂引入到SCR催化器上游的废气中。为了实现还原剂与废气流的充分混合,在用于将还原剂带入到所述设备中的喷射器的更上游处置入废气混合装置,该废气混合装置被装入到自己的壳体中。
发明内容
本发明基于以下任务:说明一种用于内燃机废气后处理的设备,该设备在结构简单的情况下比已知的设备更有效。
该任务由此被解决:废气混合装置是涡流产生装置,该涡流产生装置被置入到构造成罐形换向部(Umlenkung)的废气引导装置中,并且在换向部中在涡流产生装置的上游布置有导流装置。在此,在涡流产生装置上游的这种设备如此构造,使得还原剂与废气强烈混合。为此,优选在涡流产生装置的下游布置有混合管。导流装置现在引起,废气的流动被如此划分,使得进入到混合管中的流动被整流。优点在于提高了还原剂到混合管中的划分并且使还原剂在混合管中的沉积风险最小化。
在本发明的一个扩展方案中,导流装置是流动整流器。这种流动整流器以特别有利的方式实现混合管中的期望的流动整流。
在本发明的另一构型中,导流装置实现将废气流划分成至少两个部分废气流。这两个部分废气流围绕导流装置流动并且紧接着进入到涡流产生装置中。
在本发明的一个扩展方案中,导流装置具有三角形的基本形状。导流装置的三角形基本形状特别适合于将废气流期望地划分成至少两个部分废气流。
在本发明的一个扩展方案中,三角形基本形状的一个尖部向输入到优选构造成换向部的废气引导装置中的废气流方向布置。由此,在将废气流划分成部分废气流时至少不会引起显著的流动阻力。
在本发明的一个扩展方案中,导流装置的三角形基本形状的侧是凹进的,并且三角形基本形状的尖部被倒圆角。这是导流装置的优选构型,然而其中,本发明范畴内的其他构型也是可能的。
在本发明的另一构型中,一个凹侧向着涡流产生装置定向。这种构型已被证明是特别有利的。
在本发明的一个扩展方案中,面向涡流产生装置的凹侧与涡流产生装置的直径相比等长或更长。该构型对于呈现流动的期望整流而言也被证明是有利的。
在本发明的一个扩展方案中,导流装置具有将废气引导装置的对置侧壁连接的侧。以这种方式构型的流动引导装置能够在制造该设备时无需显著的额外花费地被制造。
在本发明的一个扩展方案中,废气引导装置的材料与导流装置的材料一样都是金属板材。与之相应地,导流装置能够通过热连接方法、尤其钎焊或熔焊在废气引导装置中被装入。由此还实现,通过导流装置加固废气引导装置。
附图说明
本发明的另外的有利构型可以从附图描述中得到,在所述附图描述中详细描述了在附图中示出的实施例。附图示出:
图1根据本发明构造的用于内燃机废气后处理的设备的示意性纵截面;
图2具有导流装置的所述设备的废气引导装置的截面;
图3在涡流产生装置区域中被打开的换向部的立体视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于内燃机废气后处理的设备的示意性纵截面。通过例如构造成共轨喷射系统的喷射系统从箱中给所述内燃机(例如用柴油燃料和燃烧空气来运行的自燃式内燃机)输送将被喷入到内燃机燃烧室中的燃料。同时,经由增压空气管路将燃烧空气输送并且压缩到燃烧室中。在内燃机运行时,在产生功率的情况下燃料与燃烧空气一起燃烧,并且燃烧后的废气被排放到废气管路2中。废气管路2通到壳体1中,该壳体容纳用于废气后处理的设备的重要部件并且例如由金属材料、例如金属板材制成。接下来详细阐述具有用于废气后处理的部件的壳体1。
从内燃机引出穿过废气管路2的废气流10在壳体1的输入侧进入到柴油氧化催化器(DOC)12中并且随后流经颗粒过滤器5。之后,废气流10进入到构造成罐形换向部6的废气引导装置中。在输出侧,将呈涡流产生装置8形式的废气混合装置装入到换向部6中,该涡流产生装置又由涡轮叶片9构成。在涡流产生装置8中,废气流10被偏转并且均匀地围绕喷射器11被引导,该喷射器穿过涡流产生装置8伸出。此外,涡流产生装置8具有将废气流10在中心引导到后续的混合管7中的目的,在该混合管中进行废气流10与由喷射器11配量的还原剂的紧密充分混合。
为了实现将废气流10的流动整流到混合管7中,在进入到涡流产生装置8中之前将构造成流动整流器4的导流装置装入到罐形换向部6中。下面更详细地阐述流动整流器4。在混合管7的输出侧,带有配量后和混合后的还原剂的废气流10经由另一换向装置17进入到催化器、尤其SCR催化器3中。在将废气流10排放到周围环境中或排放到用于废气后处理的另外装置中之前,在SCR催化器3中进行选择性催化还原。
在混合管7的输入侧布置有构造成涡流产生装置8的废气混合装置。涡流产生装置8具有一定数量的涡轮叶片9,这些涡轮叶片或它们的周边直接或者在中间连接支承环的情况下与换向部6连接。示例性的十二个涡轮叶片9与废气的流动方向例如成45°的角来定向并且实现流经混合管7的废气流10的偏转。
优选,喷射器11的喷射器尖部居中地穿过涡流产生装置8伸出,通过该喷射器尖部将还原剂(例如水状的尿素溶液)喷入到受涡流加载的废气流10中。
图2示出具有装入的流动整流器4的换向部6的截面。换向部6呈倒置锁芯形地构造,并且在圆弧形地构造的下区段中具有过渡到布置在其前面的颗粒过滤器5的过渡部13。在上区域中布置有具有喷射器11的涡流产生装置8。在过渡部13与涡流产生装置8之间布置有流动整流器4,该流动整流器具有带有凹侧14a、14b、14c的三角形基本形状。流动整流器4的三角形基本形状的三个尖部15a、15b、15c被倒圆角。流动整流器4如此布置在换向装置6中,使得尖部15a指向过渡部13的方向并且尖部15b与15c之间的侧14b向着涡流产生装置8定向。在此,侧14b的投影长度大致相当于或者也可能大于涡流产生装置8的直径。流动整流器4将废气流10划分成两个部分废气流16a、16b,所述部分废气流被如此划分,使得通过涡流产生装置8涌入到混合管7中的流动被整流。逆着该三角形基本形状,流动整流器4也可以具有其他构型和/或由例如呈流动整流器金属板材形式的(多个)单独部件组成。
图3示出在涡流产生装置8的区域中被打开的换向部6的立体视图,该换向部6具有附接的混合管7、换向装置17和SCR催化器3。在换向部6中,流动整流器4在(过渡到未示出的颗粒过滤器5的)过渡部13与涡流产生装置8之间的布置被给出。

Claims (10)

1.用于内燃机废气后处理的设备,具有将废气流(10)引入到所述设备中的废气管路(2)、在催化器上游将还原剂引入到所述设备中的喷射器(11)和布置在引入的所述还原剂的上游的废气混合装置,
其特征在于,所述废气混合装置是涡流产生装置(8),所述涡流产生装置(8)被置入到构造成罐形换向部(6)的废气引导装置中并且由涡轮叶片(9)构成,并且在所述换向部(6)中在所述涡流产生装置(8)的上游布置有导流装置,其中,在涡流产生装置(8)中,所述废气流(10)被偏转并且均匀地围绕所述喷射器(11)被引导,该喷射器穿过该涡流产生装置(8)伸出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,
其特征在于,所述导流装置是流动整流器(4)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备,
其特征在于,所述导流装置将所述废气流(10)划分成至少两个部分废气流(16a,16b)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备,
其特征在于,所述导流装置具有三角形的基本形状。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备,
其特征在于,所述三角形的基本形状的一个尖部(15a)向输入到所述换向部(6)中的所述废气流(10)的方向定向。
6.根据权利要求4所述的设备,
其特征在于,所述导流装置具有凹侧(14a;14b,14c)和被倒圆角的尖部(15a,15b,15c)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,
其特征在于,所述凹侧(14b)向着所述涡流产生装置(8)定向。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备,
其特征在于,所述凹侧(14b)具有相当于或者大于所述涡流产生装置(8)的直径的投影长度。
9.根据权利要求3所述的设备,
其特征在于,所述导流装置具有将所述换向部(6)的对置侧壁连接的侧(14a,14b,14c)。
10.根据权利要求2所述的设备,
其特征在于,所述换向部(6)的材料和所述流动整流器(4)的材料是金属板材。
CN201680061856.7A 2015-10-14 2016-09-14 用于内燃机废气后处理的设备 Active CN108138631B (zh)

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DE10060808B4 (de) 2000-12-07 2004-12-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Abgasreinigungsanlage
JP4869161B2 (ja) * 2007-06-12 2012-02-08 Udトラックス株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP4928398B2 (ja) * 2007-09-20 2012-05-09 日野自動車株式会社 排気浄化装置
SE535219C2 (sv) * 2010-10-06 2012-05-29 Scania Cv Abp Arrangemang för att införa ett vätskeformigt medium i avgaser från en förbränningsmotor
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DE102012021017A1 (de) * 2012-10-26 2014-04-30 Daimler Ag Abgassystem
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